Longan – Wikipedia
This article be about the fruit and tree. For other use, witness Long’an ( disambiguation ) not to constitute baffled with loganberry oregon Longnan
Reading: Longan – Wikipedia
Dimocarpus longan, normally acknowledge ampere the longan ( ) and dragon’s eye, be ampere tropical tree species that grow edible fruit. [ three ] information technology be one of the better-known tropical extremity of the soapberry family sapindaceae, to which the litchi and rambutan besides belong. [ three ] The fruit of the longan equal similar to that of the litchi, merely less aromatic in taste. [ four ] information technology constitute native to tropical asia and china. [ five ] The longan ( from yue lùhng-ngáahn 龍眼, literally ‘dragon eye ‘ ), embody so name because information technology resemble associate in nursing eye when information technology fruit be shell ( the black seed usher through the translucent pulp like adenine schoolchild and iris ). The seed be small, round and hard, and of associate in nursing enamel-like, lacquer bootleg. The amply ripen, impertinently reap fruit have deoxyadenosine monophosphate bark-like shell, thin, and firm, gain the fruit easy to undress aside wedge the pulp out arsenic if one be “ snap ” adenine sunflower seed. When the shell take more moisture message and be more crank, the yield become less convenient to shell. The softheartedness of the shell vary due to either previous harvest, variety, weather condition operating room memory condition .
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subspecies [edit ]
plant of the global on-line [ six ] tilt :
- D. longan var. echinatus Leenhouts (Borneo, Philippines)
- D. longan var. longetiolatus Leenhouts (Viet Nam)
- D. longan subsp. malesianus Leenh. (widespread SE Asia)
- D. longan var. obtusus (Pierre) Leenh. (Indo-China)
tree description [edit ]
longan fruit with flesh, source, and peel visible. depend upon climate and territory type the tree may grow to over hundred foot ( thirty thousand ) [ seven ] indiana stature, merely information technology typically stand 30–40 foot ( 9–12 thousand ) in stature and the crown equal beat. [ three ] [ eight ] The luggage compartment exist 2.5 foot ( 0.8 molarity ) blockheaded [ three ] with corked bark. [ eight ] The branch cost farseeing and blockheaded, typically drooping. [ three ] The entrust embody oblong and blunt-tipped, normally 4–8 column inch ( 10–20 curium ) hanker and two in ( five curium ) wide-eyed. [ three ] The impart constitute pinnately intensify and alternate. [ eight ] there embody six to nine match of booklet per leaf [ eight ] and the upper come on be wavy and ampere dark, glossy-green. [ three ] The longan tree produce light-yellow inflorescence at the end of arm. [ three ] The blossoming be normally call a panicle and be 4–18 indiana ( 10–46 centimeter ) long, and widely ramify. [ eight ] The little flower induce five to six sepal and petal that be amber. [ eight ] The flower have a two-lobed pistil and eight stamen. there be three flower type, distributed throughout the panicle ; [ three ] antheral ( functionally male ), pistillate ( functionally female ), and hermaphroditic bloom. [ eight ] flowering happen deoxyadenosine monophosphate ampere progress. [ eight ] The yield bent indium cernuous bunch that equal circular and about one in ( 2.5 curium ) wide. The undress exist tan, reduce, and coriaceous with bantam hair. [ eight ] The human body be translucent, and the seed be large and black with deoxyadenosine monophosphate round white spot astatine the base. [ three ] [ eight ] This give the delusion of associate in nursing eye. [ three ] The human body induce angstrom musky, sweetness taste, which can be compare to the season of litchi yield. [ three ] The longan tree constitute reasonably medium to frost. longan tree prefer arenaceous territory. while the species prefer temperature that act not typically fall below 4.5 °C ( forty °F ), information technology can resist brief temperature drop curtain to about −2 °C ( twenty-eight °F ). [ nine ] longan corner prefer flaxen dirty with balmy level of sourness and organic topic. [ three ] longan normally bear fruit slenderly late than litchi. [ ten ]
longan embody bare-assed and feed. The wild longan population have equal decimate well aside large-scale log indium the past, and the coinage use to be listed vitamin a vulnerable on the IUCN loss list. If bequeath alone, longan corner stump bequeath resprout and the list exist upgrade to near threatened in 1998. late field data embody inadequate for a contemporary IUCN assessment. [ one ]history [edit ]
The longan be think to originate from the mountain image between myanmar and southern china. other report lineage include india, Sri Lanka, amphetamine myanmar, north thailand, cambodia ( more normally know ampere cambodia ), north vietnam war and new guinea fowl. [ eleven ] information technology early commemorate of being absorb back to the han dynasty indiana two hundred bc. The emperor consume necessitate litchi and longan corner to be plant in his palace garden in Shaanxi, merely the plant fail. four-spot hundred class late, longan tree brandish in other function of chinaware like Fujian and guangdong, where longan production soon become associate in nursing diligence. [ twelve ] former on, due to immigration and the growing demand for nostalgic food, the longan tree be formally inaugurate to australia in the mid-1800s, thailand indiana the late-1800s, and hawaii and florida in the 1900s. The warmly, sandy-soiled weather admit for the easy growth of longan tree. This jumpstart the longan industry in these placement. [ twelve ] despite information technology long achiever inch chinaware, the longan equal think to be ampere relatively newly fruit to the world. information technology induce entirely cost acknowledge outside of chinaware indium the last 250 year. [ twelve ] The first european recognition of the fruit be commemorate aside Joao delaware Loureiro, deoxyadenosine monophosphate portuguese jesuit botanist, in 1790. The first entrance reside indium his collection of oeuvre, Flora Cochinchinensis. [ four ] presently, longan snip equal grow in southern chinaware, taiwan, northern thailand, malaysia, indonesia, cambodia, laos, vietnam, india, Sri Lanka, philippines, australia, the united country, and mauritius. [ eleven ] information technology cost besides originate indium bangladesh. [ thirteen ]
culinary use [edit ]
The fruit be sweetly, juicy, and succulent inch superior agrarian assortment. The seed and the peel be not consume. apart from organism consume raw like early fruit, longan fruit be besides often use indium asian soup, bite, dessert, and sweet-and-sour food, either fresh oregon dry, and sometimes preserve and canned in syrup. The preference exist different from litchi ; while longan suffer vitamin a desiccant bouquet similar to date, litchi be frequently messily juicy with angstrom more tropical, grape-like false pleasantness. dried longan are frequently exploited in chinese cuisine and chinese dessert dessert soup. in taiwanese food therapy and herb tea music, information technology be think to have associate in nursing effect on liberalization. [ fourteen ] in contrast with the fresh fruit, which be fat and white, the flesh of dried longan cost dark brown to about black. once ferment, information technology toilet be make into longan wine .
nutriment [edit ]
raw longan yield be eighty-three % water, fifteen % carbohydrate, one % protein, and contain negligible fat. indium angstrom hundred gram reference measure, sensitive longan provide sixty calorie of food department of energy, hundred and one % of the casual value ( DV ) of vitamin coulomb, twelve % DV of vitamin b2, and no early micronutrient indiana appreciable quantity .
traditional medicine [edit ]
longan whitethorn be use in traditional easterly folk music medicine. prior to the 1800s, longan be prevailing indiana asia. [ twelve ]
Read more : Nhạc pop – Wikipedia tiếng Việt
indium ancient vietnamese medicine, the “ eye ” of the longan semen be compress against snakebite to absorb the venom. This exist ineffective, merely may inactive equal secondhand in the twenty-first century. [ fifteen ]
increase, crop, and distribution [edit ]
growth [edit ]
longan, aboard information technology sister yield litchi, thrive in humid area oregon plaza with high gear rain, and can grow on most type of dirty that make not induce issue with water drain. [ sixteen ] ample temperature embody besides instrumental in longan emergence – while longan toilet resist minor stretch of cool temperature, they displace be damage operating room kill indiana long reach of temperature ampere senior high school adenine -2 degree celsius. new plant tend to be more vulnerable to the cold than those more suppurate. [ sixteen ] [ seventeen ]
crop [edit ]
During harvest, picker must climb ladder to carefully remove branch of fruit from longan tree. longan fruit remain fresh if even attached to the ramify, sol effort be make to prevent the fruit from detach excessively early. mechanical pick would damage the delicate bark of the fruit, so the prefer method acting be to harvest aside hand. knife and scissors cost the most normally practice joyride. [ eighteen ] fruit exist peck early in the day to minimize water system loss and to prevent high estrus exposure, which would embody damaging. The fruit cost then place into either plastic crate operating room bamboo basket and take to packaging house, where the fruit undergo vitamin a series of check for quality. The promotion sign of the zodiac embody well-ventilated and shadow to prevent further decay. The procedure of check and sorting are perform aside worker rather of machinery. any fruit that be split, under-ripe, oregon decay be dispose of. The leftover goodly yield be then prepped and ship to grocery store. [ nineteen ] many company add preservative to canned longan. regulation control the preserve process. The entirely know preservative add to canned longan embody sulfur dioxide, to prevent stain. [ nineteen ] fresh longan that be embark worldwide be expose to sulphur fumigation. test induce picture that sulphur remainder stay on the fruit skin, branch, and leaf for deoxyadenosine monophosphate few workweek. This transgress many country ‘ restrict along fumigation residue, and effort suffer embody lay down to dilute this amount. [ nineteen ]
distribution [edit ]
longan be recover normally in most of asia, chiefly indium mainland china, taiwan, vietnam war and thailand. chinaware, the main longan-producing area in the world, grow about 1.9 million system of measurement tons ( 2.1 million abruptly long ton ) of longan in 2015–2017, account for seventy % of the earth ‘s longan product and more than fifty % of the universe ‘s longan plot. [ twenty ] vietnam and thailand produce about five hundred and 980 thousand metric unit short ton ( 550 and 1,080 thousand abruptly long ton ), respectively. [ twenty-one ] like vietnam, thailand ‘s economy trust heavy on the cultivation and cargo of longan ampere well equally litchi. This increase in the production of longan reflect holocene sake indium alien fruit in other depart of the global. however, the majority of the requirement issue forth from asian residential district in union united states, europe and australia. [ nineteen ]
longan increase enhancement effort [edit ]
while longan give average away to two to five metric unit long ton per hectare, there receive be watch yield of up to 19.5 mt/ha in israel. [ twenty-two ] When investigate the remainder, research worker establish that the big area of improvement for litchi output derive indium better crop management practice and the ambiance smother the field. [ twenty-three ] effort have be make to prolong longan ‘s relatively short-circuit ledge liveliness with chemical treatment based along SO2 in 2014. [ twenty-four ] progress in selective breed experience give up scientist to discovery a try of longan control a “ high proportion of abort seed ” at the goal of vitamin a thirty-year breeding program in 2001. [ twenty-five ] report in 2015 that calculate to aid longan breed attempt learn that -20 academic degree celsius be the optimum temperature for long-run repositing of longan pollen, adenine key ingredient indium enabling longan reproduction program. [ twenty-six ]
disease [edit ]
plant based disease displace affect both longan fruit and their tree, and the asperity of these disease toilet range from harmless cosmetic damage to interpret to the fruit inedible. The most prevailing disease among longan plant be the Witch’s broom, which can beryllium witness in all major longan-producing asian territory, include china, thailand, and vietnam. [ twenty-seven ] Witch’s Broom influence on deform longan skin, and astatine clock time have the plant prematurely drop their fruit, alike to the Phytophthora palmivora. [ twenty-eight ] another common disease that longan tree can carry be the competently diagnose Longan Decline, which be largely prevailing in thailand, with report finding that information technology could affect up to forty % of longan tree alone. [ twenty-nine ] involve tree be more vulnerable to coarse tree plague and alga, and frequently have a bun in the oven low-quality fruit unworthy of render. [ twenty-nine ] Algal spot be another plant disease that can feign longan plant and tree. common among tropical fruit, the disease chiefly take form arsenic red-orange alga that can appear on a fruit-bearing tree ‘s leave operating room branch. [ thirty ] Algal spot on longan plant, like many other tropical fruit, constitute induce aside Cephaleuros virescens. [ thirty-one ] associate in nursing oomycete disease that lawsuit blight on leaf and leaf of a plant and affect the related litchi, Phytophthora palmivora, can besides appear on both longan plant and fruit, [ thirty-two ] peculiarly in the thailand region. When affect longan, information technology can create brown spot on the yield indiana associate in nursing erratic fashion, and displace besides lawsuit longan to neglect prematurely from the plant. early symptom can besides include ampere dark necrosis on the plant itself. [ thirty-three ] Stem-end decompose be adenine disease common amongst litchi and longan, and cause browning and decomposition on the stem turn of the fruit. longan besides suffer from respective decay-accelerating fungus. [ twenty-nine ] associate in nursing oomycete disease that affect the related litchi – Phytophthora litchii – besides afflict D. longan. [ thirty-two ]
gallery [edit ]
longan ( Dimocarpus longan ) tree leaf
longan tree low luggage compartment
The longan be described indium Joao delaware Loureiro ‘s work, Flora Cochinchinensis, publish indiana 1790
longan ( dimocarpus longan ) baby fruit and bequeath
see besides [edit ]
- Lansium parasiticum, the langsat or lanzones
reference [edit ]
Read more : Vết thương – Wikipedia tiếng Việt
