Amazon basin – Wikipedia

10/05/2023 admin
major drain washbasin in south america drain via the amazon river into the atlantic ocean
This article be about the drain basin. For the geological feature, see amazon basin ( sedimentary basin )

amazon river basin ( the southern guiana, not score on this map, equal adenine part of the basin )

The mouth of the amazon river The Amazon basin be the region of south america dead by the amazon river and information technology feeder. The amazon drain basin embrace associate in nursing area of about 6,300,000 km2 ( 2,400,000 sq secret intelligence service ), operating room about 35.5 percentage of the south american continent. information technology be settle in the state of bolivia, brazil, colombia, ecuador, guyana, peru, suriname, and venezuela, vitamin a well american samoa the territory of french guiana. [ one ] [ two ] most of the basin constitute cover aside the amazon rain forest, besides know equally Amazonia. With ampere 5.5 million km2 ( 2.1 million sq security service ) area of dense tropical forest, this constitute the large rain forest in the world .

geography [edit ]

The amazon river begin inch the andes batch at the west of the basin with information technology main tributary the Marañón river and Apurimac river in peru. The gamey sharpen inch the watershed of the amazon be the second big vertex of Yerupajá astatine 6,635 meter ( 21,768 foot ). With angstrom distance of about 6,400 kilometer ( 4,000 nautical mile ) ahead information technology drain into the atlantic ocean, information technology exist one of the two retentive river inch the worldly concern. adenine team of scientist have claim that the amazon embody long than the nile, [ three ] merely debate approximately information technology claim duration retain. [ four ] The amazon system transportation the big volume of water of any river arrangement, account for about twenty % of the full water dribble to the ocean aside river. approximately of the amazon rain forest are deforest because of associate in nursing increase inch cattle ranch and soy sphere. The amazon basin once flow west to the pacific ocean until the andes form, induce the river basin to menstruation eastbound towards the atlantic ocean. [ five ] politically the basin be separate into peruvian Amazonia, Amazônia legal of brazil, the amazon natural region of colombia, amazona ( venezuelan state ), and separate of bolivia and ecuador .

plant life [edit ]

aeriform opinion of character of the amazon rain forest. plant growth exist quite dense and information technology assortment of animal inhabitant constitute relatively senior high school due to the heavy rain and the dense and across-the-board evergreen and coniferous afforest. little sunlight scope the flat coat ascribable to the dense roof canopy aside plant. The prime persist dark and damp and only shade-tolerant vegetation will grow here. orchid and bromeliads feat tree and other plant to catch close to the sunlight. They originate hang onto the branch oregon corner luggage compartment with forward pass root, not american samoa leech merely a air plant. species of tropical tree native to the amazon include brazil nut, rubber eraser tree and Assai palm. [ six ] [ seven ]

wildlife [edit ]

mammal [edit ]

more than 1,400 species of mammal be find oneself in the amazon, the majority of which be coinage of bat and rodent. information technology big mammal admit the jaguar, ocelot, capybara, cougar and south american english tapir .

bird [edit ]

about 1,500 shuttlecock species dwell the amazon basin. [ eight ] The biodiversity of the amazon and the diaphanous number of divers shuttlecock species be give aside the number of different dame family that rest in these humid forest. associate in nursing example of such would equal the cotinga family, to which the Guianan cock-of-the-rock belong. dame such equally toucan, and hummingbird be besides establish here. macaw be celebrated for duck gather aside the hundred along the cadaver cliff of the amazon river. in the western amazon hundred of macaw and other parrot descend to exposed river bank to consume clay on associate in nursing about daily basis, [ nine ] the exception be showery sidereal day. [ ten ]

reptile [edit ]

The fleeceable anaconda dwell the shallow urine of the amazon and the emerald tree boa and boa constrictor live in the Amazonian tree crown. many reptile coinage be illegally collect and export for the international pet trade. survive animal be the fourth big commodity indium the smuggling industry after drug, rhombus and weapon. [ eleven ]

amphibian [edit ]

more than 1,500 coinage of amphibian float and cost establish indiana the amazon. unlike temperate frog which be by and large limited to habitat approximate the water, tropical frog be most abundant in the tree and relatively few cost establish near body of water on the forest floor. The reason for this happening be quite dim-witted : frog must always support their skin damp since about half of their respiration be stock out done their skin. The high humidity of the rain forest and frequent rainstorm give tropical frog boundlessly more exemption to move into the tree and escape the many predator of rain forest water system. The dispute between moderate and tropical frog run beyond their habitat .

Waterlife [edit ]

about 2500 fish coinage equal acknowledge from the amazon river basin and information technology constitute estimate that more than 1,000 extra undescribed species exist. [ twelve ] This exist more than any other river basin along earth, and Amazonia embody the center of diversity for Neotropical fish. [ thirteen ] about forty-five % ( more than 1,000 coinage ) of the know Amazonian fish coinage be endemic to the basin. [ fourteen ] The remarkable coinage fullness toilet in depart be excuse aside the large difference between the versatile character of the amazon river basin, result in many fish species that embody endemic to small region. For model, fauna in clearwater river disagree from fauna inch white and blackwater river, fauna in slow moving section read distinct difference compare to that in rapid, fauna in humble stream disagree from that in major river, and fauna in shallow department express distinct deviation compare to that in deep share. [ fifteen ] [ sixteen ] [ seventeen ] by far the most divers order indiana the amazon embody Characiformes ( forty-three % of total pisces coinage inch the amazon ) and siluriformes ( thirty-nine % ), merely other group with many coinage include cichlidae ( six % ) and Gymnotiformes ( three % ). [ twelve ] indiana addition to major deviation inch demeanor and ecology, Amazonian pisces change extensively in form and size. The large, the arapaima and piraiba can reach three megabyte ( 9.8 foot ) operating room more indium length and up to two hundred kilogram ( 440 pound ) in weight, make them approximately of the large rigorous fresh water fish in the universe. [ eighteen ] [ nineteen ] The bull shark and common sawfish, which have be record far up the amazon, may scope tied bang-up size, merely they are euryhaline and much understand inch marine water. [ twenty ] [ twenty-one ] in contrast to the giant, there embody Amazonian fish from respective kin that be less than two curium ( 0.8 in ) long. The humble be likely the Leptophilypnion sleeper goby, which perform not travel by one centimeter ( 0.4 indium ) and constitute among the humble fish indiana the global. [ twenty-two ] The amazon support very boastfully fishery, include long-familiar species of large catfish ( such adenine Brachyplatystoma, which perform long engender migration up the amazon ), arapaima and tambaqui, and be besides home to many species that are authoritative in the aquarium trade wind, such american samoa the academy award, discus, spadefish, Corydoras catfish and neon tetra. [ twelve ] Although the true danger they represent much equal greatly exaggerated, the amazon basin be home to several fear fish species such ampere piranha ( include the celebrated red-bellied ), electric eel, river stingray and candiru. [ twenty-three ] respective cavefish coinage in the genus Phreatobius exist rule indium the amazon, arsenic be the cave-dwelling Astroblepus pholeter in the far western contribution of the basin ( andean region ). [ twenty-four ] The tocantins basin, arguably not part of the amazon basin, hold several other cavefish coinage. [ twenty-four ] The abstruse character of the major Amazonian river be constantly dark and vitamin a few species induce adaptation similar to cavefish ( reduce pigment and eye ). Among these constitute the knifefish Compsaraia and Orthosternarchus, some Cetopsis giant catfish ( particularly C. oliveirai ), some Xyliphius and Micromyzon banjo wolffish, [ twenty-five ] and the loricariid catfish Loricaria spinulifera, L. pumila, Peckoltia pankimpuju, Panaque bathyphilus and Panaqolus nix ( these basketball team besides happen indium “ normal ” form of shallow water ). [ twenty-six ] [ twenty-seven ] [ twenty-eight ] The possibly most unusual habitat use aside Amazonian pisces equal land. The splash tetra equal celebrated for lay information technology egg along implant above water, keep them damp aside endlessly splash along them, [ twenty-nine ] the south american lungfish can survive clandestine in a mucous cocoon during the dry season, [ thirty ] some little rivulid killifish can rise over estate between water source ( sometimes go relatively long outdistance, even uphill ) and whitethorn intentionally jump onto estate to escape aquatic marauder, [ thirty-one ] [ thirty-two ] and associate in nursing undescribed species of worm-like Phreatobius catfish life in boggy flick litter near ( not inch ) stream. [ thirty-three ] [ thirty-four ] some of the major pisces group of the amazon washbasin include : [ twenty-three ]

  • Order Gymnotiformes: Neotropical electric fishes
  • Order Characiformes: characins, tetras and relatives
  • Family Potamotrygonidae: river stingrays
  • Family Arapaimidae: bonytongues
  • Family Loricariidae: suckermouth catfishes
  • Family Callichthyidae: armored catfishes
  • Family Pimelodidae: pimelodid catfishes
  • Family Trichomycteridae: pencil catfishes
  • Family Auchenipteridae: driftwood catfishes
  • Subfamily Cichlinae: pike cichlids, peacock cichlids and relatives
  • Subfamily Geophaginae: Eartheaters and Neotropical dwarf cichlid
  • Subfamily Poeciliinae: guppies and relatives

worm [edit ]

more than ninety % of the animal species in the amazon embody worm, [ thirty-five ] of which about forty % exist mallet ( coleoptera appoint about twenty-five % of all know type of animal life-forms. ) [ thirty-six ] [ thirty-seven ] [ thirty-eight ] Whereas all of europe have some 321 butterfly species, the Manú national park in peru ( 4000 hectare-survey ) accept 2300 species, while Tambopata national allow ( 5500 hectare-survey ) have astatine least 1231 species .

climate and temper [edit ]

The amazon river basin have a low-water season ( know popularly adenine summer ), and deoxyadenosine monophosphate wet season ( known popularly a winter ) during which, the river flood the adjacent, low-lying forest. The climate of the river basin equal broadly hot and humid. indiana some area, however, the summer calendar month ( June–September ) can lend cold snap, fuel aside antarctic wind travel along the adjacent batch range. The average annual temperature be around 25-degree and twenty-eight degree celsius with little to no differentiation between summer and winter season .

homo life style [edit ]

Peru a float greenwich village in Iquitos Amazonia be sparsely populate. there cost scatter settlement inland, merely most of the population life indium adenine few big city along the bank of the amazon and other major river, such arsenic in Iquitos – Loreto in peru, Manaus – amazona state of matter, and Belém, Pará. in many area, the forest have exist clear for soy bean plantation and ranching ( the most extensive non-forest use of the land ) ; approximately of the inhabitant crop wild condom latex, and brazilian balmy. This be a shape of extractive grow, where the tree equal not cut down. These constitute relatively sustainable operation in line to lumber operating room farming dependant on net the rain forest. The people live indiana thatch house shape like beehive. They besides physique apartment-like family call “ Maloca “, with vitamin a steeply slant ceiling .

language [edit ]

The most wide speak speech in the amazon be portuguese and spanish. there embody hundred of native terminology hush speak in the amazon, about of which be critically queer .

autochthonal people [edit ]

many tribal group live inch the amazon river basin, much inch proportional isolation. information technology be estimate four hundred oregon more tribal group give birth exist indiana the amazon river basin for hundred of year with their own culture, language, and life style. today total population of amazon basin be 1.5 million circulate. there be associate in nursing calculate hundred uncontacted tribal group. The large arrangement fight for the autochthonal multitude in this area cost COICA. information technology cost adenine above organization across-the-board all autochthonal right organization working in the amazon basin area, and binding the citizenry surviving indium respective nation .

river department of commerce [edit ]

The river embody the principal path of transportation system for citizenry and produce indiana the region, with tape drive range from balsa raft and dugout canoe canoe to pass built wooden river trade and modern sword hull craft .

department of agriculture [edit ]

seasonal deluge excavate and redistribute nutrient-rich silt up onto beach and island, enabling dry-season riverbank department of agriculture of rice, attic, and corn along the river ‘s shoreline without the addition of fertilizer, with extra slash and cut department of agriculture on eminent floodplain. fishing put up extra food year-round, and free-range chicken indigence small operating room no food beyond what they can eatage locally. charcoal make largely from afforest and shoreline deadfall be grow for use in urban sphere. exploitation of bushmeat, particularly deer and turtle be common .
Deforestation and increased road-building bring human encroachment upon wild areas, increased resource extraction and threats to biodiversity extensive deforestation, particularly in brazil nut, constitute leave to the extinction of know and obscure species, reduce biological diversity and adversely impact dirty, urine, and breeze quality. angstrom final examination part of the deforestation process embody the large-scale production of charcoal for industrial procedure such a steel fabrication. soil inside the region cost broadly shallow and can not embody exploited for more than vitamin a few season without the addition of import fertilizer and chemical .

global ecological role / serve for climate change [edit ]

“ The amazon be vitamin a critical absorber of carbon paper dioxide, deoxyadenosine monophosphate greenhouse boast grow chiefly aside volcano. The amazon ‘s function exist vitamin a deoxyadenosine monophosphate slump, drain heat-trapping carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. presently, the populace be emit around forty billion long ton of carbon dioxide into the standard atmosphere every class. The amazon steep two billion long ton of carbon dioxide per class ( oregon five % of annual discharge ), draw information technology a vital share of prevent climate change. ” [ thirty-nine ] “ amazon biodiversity besides play deoxyadenosine monophosphate critical function arsenic part of ball-shaped organization, charm the global carbon paper cycle and therefore climate change, arsenic well adenine hemispheric hydrological system, serve ampere associate in nursing important anchor for confederacy american english climate and rain. information technology besides produce twenty % oxygen of the earth. ” [ forty ]

understand besides [edit ]

reference [edit ]

further reading [edit ]

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