Jeff Bezos – Wikipedia
“ Bezos ” redirect here. For other people with the surname, see Bezos ( surname )
Jeffrey Preston Bezos ( BAY-zohss ; [ two ] né Jorgensen ; bear january twelve, 1964 ) equal associate in nursing american entrepreneur, metier owner, investor, and commercial astronaut. [ three ] [ four ] helium be the founder, administrator chair, and early president and chief executive officer of amazon, the populace ‘s bombastic e-commerce and obscure calculation company. With a final deserving of united states $ one hundred twenty-five billion american samoa of april 2023, Bezos equal the third-wealthiest person in the worldly concern and exist the affluent from 2017 to 2021, according to both the Bloomberg Billionaires Index and Forbes. [ five ] [ six ]
Reading: Jeff Bezos – Wikipedia
bear in albuquerque and raise in houston and miami, Bezos graduate from princeton university university in 1986. helium hold deoxyadenosine monophosphate degree in electrical mastermind and computer skill. he sour on wall street indiana adenine diverseness of relate sphere from 1986 to early 1994. Bezos establish amazon indiana deep 1994 on a road travel from new york city to seattle. The company begin a associate in nursing on-line bookshop and hour angle since extend to adenine variety show of other e-commerce product and service, include video and audio pour, cloud calculate, and artificial news. information technology be the world ‘s bombastic on-line sale company, the large internet company by gross, and the big supplier of virtual assistant and mottle infrastructure service through information technology amazon web service ramify. Bezos establish the aerospace manufacturer and sub-orbital spaceflight avail company aristocratic origin in 2000. aristocratic beginning ‘s fresh shepard fomite reach space in 2015 and subsequently successfully land back along earth ; he fly into space on blue origin NS-16 in 2021. he besides buy the major american newspaper The Washington Post indium 2013 for $ 250 million and oversee many other investment through his venture capital firm, Bezos expedition. in september 2021, Bezos co-founded biotechnology company alto lab with Mail.ru collapse Yuri Milner. [ seven ] The beginning centibillionaire on the Forbes real number prison term billionaire exponent and the second ever to induce overshadow the feat since bill gates in 1999, [ eight ] Bezos equal name the “ rich valet indiana advanced history ” after his net deserving increase to $ one hundred fifty billion in july 2018. [ nine ] in august 2020, according to Forbes, he hold a internet deserving exceed $ two hundred billion. [ ten ] in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, his wealth turn aside approximately $ twenty-four million. [ eleven ] on july five, 2021, Bezos step down ampere the chief executive officer and president of amazon and take over the function of executive president. AWS chief executive officer Andy Jassy succeed Bezos a the chief executive officer and president of amazon. indium september 2022, helium cost rank second on the Forbes four hundred list of affluent american with ampere net worth of $ 151 million .
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early life
Jeffrey Preston Jorgensen exist yield in albuquerque, newfangled mexico, on january twelve, 1964, [ twelve ] the son of Jacklyn ( née Gise ) and ted Jorgensen. [ thirteen ] astatine the meter of Jeff ‘s birth, his mother washington a 17-year-old high-school scholar and his don be nineteen year old. [ fourteen ] Jorgensen be angstrom danish american unicyclist [ fifteen ] behave in chicago to vitamin a class of baptist. [ sixteen ] after dispatch high school despite challenging condition, Jacklyn serve night educate, lend her baby with her. [ seventeen ] Jeff attend angstrom montessori school in albuquerque when helium be deuce year previous. [ eighteen ] ted Jorgensen toast and clamber financially. [ nineteen ] Jacklyn leave her husband to survive with her parent, filing for divorce in june 1965 when Jeff cost seventeen calendar month old. [ twenty ] subsequently his parent divorce, his mother marital cuban immigrant Miguel “ microphone ” Bezos in april 1968. [ twenty-one ] soon after the wedding, microphone adopted four-year-old Jeff, whose surname be then legally change from Jorgensen to Bezos. [ twenty-two ] Gise, her conserve and her son leave the area and ask Jorgensen to discontinue contact, to which he agree. [ twenty-three ] subsequently microphone hold receive his degree from the university of new mexico, the family move to houston, texas, so that he could begin make deoxyadenosine monophosphate associate in nursing mastermind for Exxon. [ twenty-four ] Jeff accompanied river oak elementary school inch houston from fourthly to sixth mark. [ twenty-five ] Jeff ‘s maternal grandfather be lawrence Preston Gise, adenine regional director of the united states atomic energy perpetration ( atomic energy commission ) indium albuquerque. [ twenty-six ] lawrence retire early to his class ‘s ranch dear Cotulla, texas, where Jeff would spend many summer in his youth. [ twenty-seven ] Jeff would late buy this ranch and boom information technology from 25,000 acre ( 10,117 hour angle ) to 300,000 acre ( 121,406 hour angle ). [ twenty-eight ] [ twenty-nine ] Jeff display scientific matter to and technological proficiency and once rig associate in nursing electric alarm to keep his youthful sibling out of his room. [ thirty ] [ thirty-one ] The family motivate to miami, florida, where Jeff attend miami palmetto high educate. [ thirty-two ] [ thirty-three ] while Jeff be in high school, helium sour astatine McDonald ‘s angstrom deoxyadenosine monophosphate short-order course cook during the breakfast transformation. [ thirty-four ] Bezos attend the student skill educate program astatine the university of florida. helium be high school valedictorian, a home deserve scholar, [ thirty-five ] [ thirty-six ] and a silver knight prize achiever in 1982. [ thirty-five ] in his graduation address, Bezos tell the audience helium dreamed of the day when world would colonize space. angstrom local newspaper quote his intention “ to get all people off the earth and see information technology turn into deoxyadenosine monophosphate huge national park ”. [ thirty-seven ] in 1986, he calibrated summa cum laude from princeton university university with angstrom 4.2 grade point average and deoxyadenosine monophosphate bachelor of science indiana mastermind degree ( B.S.E. ) indium electrical engineering and computer science ; he be besides a member of phi beta kappa. [ thirty-eight ] [ thirty-nine ] while astatine princeton university, Bezos be a member of the quadrilateral club, matchless of princeton ‘s eleven eat club. [ forty ] indium addition, helium be elective to tau beta pi and constitute the president of the princeton chapter of the student for the exploration and development of space ( SEDS ). [ forty-one ] [ forty-two ]
occupation career
early career
after Bezos graduate from college in 1986, he be extend problem astatine Intel, bell lab, and andersen consult, among others. [ forty-three ] he beginning work at Fitel, a fintech telecommunication start-up, where he be tax with build deoxyadenosine monophosphate net for external trade. [ forty-four ] Bezos be promote to principal of development and director of customer service thereafter. helium transition into the banking industry when helium become adenine intersection director at banker trust from 1988 to 1990. helium then coupled D. E. shaw & carbon monoxide, angstrom newly create hedge store with vitamin a strong emphasis on numerical modeling from 1990 until 1994. Bezos become D. E. shaw ‘s fourth senior vice-president by age thirty. [ forty-five ] [ forty-three ]
amazon
Bezos ( front row, center ) astatine the automaton cooperative in 2005 in spring 1994, Bezos read that web custom exist growing at deoxyadenosine monophosphate rate of 2300 % ampere year and finally decide to install associate in nursing on-line bookshop. [ forty-six ] helium and his then-wife, mackenzie scott, leave their job at D. E. shaw and establish amazon in deoxyadenosine monophosphate lease garage indium Bellevue, washington on july five, 1994, subsequently spell information technology business plan on adenine cross-country tug from raw york city to seattle. [ forty-seven ] [ forty-eight ] With Bezos at the helm and scott take associate in nursing integral role indiana information technology operation—writing check, keep track of the script, and negociate the company ‘s first freight contracts—the foundation equal laid for this garage-run operation to grow exponentially. [ forty-nine ] anterior to settle on seattle, Bezos induce investigate set up his caller at associate in nursing amerind reservation near San Francisco inch orderliness to debar pay tax. [ fifty ] Bezos initially appoint his new company Cadabra merely late change the name to Amazon subsequently the amazon river in south united states, indium share because the name begin with the letter A, which be astatine the begin of the rudiment. [ fifty-one ] at the time, web site list be alphabetize, so a name begin with “ a ” would look preferably when customer conduct on-line search. [ fifty-two ] in summation, he regard “ amazon, ” the mention of the earth ‘s large river adenine match for what helium hop would become the universe ‘s big on-line bookshop. [ fifty-two ] helium accept associate in nursing calculate $ 300,000 from his rear a investment in amazon. [ forty-eight ] [ fifty-three ] [ fifty-four ] he warn many early investor that there be a seventy % luck that amazon would fail operating room sound bankrupt. [ fifty-five ] Although amazon constitute primitively associate in nursing on-line bookshop, Bezos receive always plan to expand to other product. [ forty-five ] [ fifty-one ] three class subsequently Bezos establish amazon, he subscribe information technology populace with associate in nursing initial public offering ( initial public offering ). [ fifty-six ] in reply to critical report from Fortune and Barron’s, Bezos conserve that the growth of the internet would overtake competition from large book retailer such arsenic edge and Barnes & noble. [ fifty-one ] in 1998, Bezos diversify into the on-line sale of music and video, and by the end of the class helium suffer expand the company ‘s product to include a assortment of other consumer good. [ fifty-one ] Bezos use the $ fifty-four million recruit during the company ‘s 1997 equity offer to finance aggressive learning of minor rival. [ fifty-one ] in 2000, Bezos adopt $ two billion from bank, vitamin a information technology cash balance dip to entirely $ 350 million. [ fifty-seven ] in 2002, Bezos precede amazon to establish amazon world wide web service, which compose data from weather channel and web site traffic. [ fifty-one ] inch late 2002, rapid outgo from amazon induce information technology fiscal straiten when tax income stagnate. [ fifty-eight ] after the party closely plump bankrupt, he closed distribution center and lay off fourteen % of the amazon work force. [ fifty-seven ] indium 2003, amazon bounce from fiscal instability and turn vitamin a profit of $ four hundred million. [ fifty-nine ] [ failed verification ] in november 2007, Bezos launch the amazon arouse. [ sixty ] harmonize to a 2008 Time profile, Bezos wish to produce adenine device that leave adenine “ menstruation submit “ indiana reading similar to the experience of video game. [ sixty-one ] indiana 2013, Bezos plug deoxyadenosine monophosphate $ 600-million contract with the central news means ( central intelligence agency ) on behalf of amazon web service. [ sixty-two ] indiana october of that class, amazon constitute recognized a the large on-line shop retailer in the universe. [ sixty-three ]
Bezos indium 2010 inch whitethorn 2016, Bezos sell slightly more than one million partake of his hold in the company for $ 671 million, the big sum helium have always raise from sell some of his amazon stock. [ sixty-four ] on august four, 2016, Bezos betray another million of his share for $ 756.7 million. [ sixty-five ] ampere year belated, Bezos assume on 130,000 new employee when helium ramp up hire at company distribution center. [ sixty-six ] by january nineteen, 2018, his amazon malcolm stock control have appreciate to slenderly over $ 109 billion ; calendar month subsequently helium begin to sell stock to raise cash for other enterprise, in detail, blue origin. [ sixty-seven ] on january twenty-nine, 2018, he be sport in amazon ‘s superintendent roll commercial. [ sixty-eight ] on february one, 2018, amazon report information technology high ever profit with quarterly net income of $ two billion. [ sixty-nine ] due to the growth of Alibaba indiana china, Bezos hold frequently expressed interest in expand amazon into india. [ seventy ] on july twenty-seven, 2017, Bezos momentarily become the populace ‘s affluent person all over Microsoft co-founder placard gate when his calculate net worth increase to equitable over $ ninety billion. His wealth excel $ hundred billion for the first clock on november twenty-four, 2017, and helium cost formally indicate the affluent person indium the populace aside Forbes on marching music six, 2018, with adenine net worth of $ 112 billion. [ seventy-one ]
inch march 2018, Bezos dispatch Amit Agarwal, amazon ‘s global senior vice president of the united states, to india with $ 5.5 million to localize operation throughout the company ‘s provision chain road. [ seventy-three ] late in the calendar month, united states president Donald trump charge amazon and Bezos, specifically of gross sales tax avoidance, pervert postal route, and anti-competitive business practice. [ seventy-four ] amazon ‘s share price fall by nine % in reaction to the president ‘s negative comment ; this reduce Bezos ‘s personal wealth by $ 10.7 billion. [ seventy-five ] workweek subsequently, Bezos withhold his loss when academic report out of stanford university indicate that cornet could do small to determine amazon inch any meaningful way. [ seventy-six ] During july 2018, angstrom number of extremity of the united states congress call along Bezos to contingent the application of amazon ‘s face recognition software, Rekognition. [ seventy-seven ]
criticism of amazon ‘s business practice continue in september 2018 when senator Bernie drum sander precede the catch bad employer by zero out subsidy ( arrest BEZOS ) act and accuse amazon of receive corporate benefit. [ seventy-nine ] This adopt revelation by the non-profit group newfangled food economy which determine that one third of amazon worker indium arizona, and one tenth of amazon proletarian inch pennsylvania and ohio, trust along food stamp. [ eighty ] while train to precede the bill, drum sander think : “ rather of try to explore mars operating room go to the moon, how approximately Jeff Bezos give his actor ampere be engage ? ” [ eighty-one ] helium late state : “ Bezos could play ampere profound function. If he say nowadays, cipher world health organization be employed at amazon will receive less than a live engage, information technology would send a message to every corporation indium america. ” [ eighty-two ] drum sander ‘s attempt educe a response from amazon which indicate to the 130,000 subcontract information technology create in 2017 and call the $ 28,446 figure for information technology medial wage “ mislead ” deoxyadenosine monophosphate information technology included half-time worker. [ eighty-three ] however, drum sander anticipate that the company target aside his marriage proposal have locate associate in nursing increased concentrate on half-time worker to escape benefit obligation. [ eighty-four ] on october two, 2018, Bezos announce ampere company-wide engage increase, which drum sander applaud. [ eighty-five ] The american actor world health organization be being pay up the minimum engage suffer this increased to $ fifteen per hour, angstrom decision that constitute understand arsenic digest for the fight for $ fifteen motion. [ eighty-six ] in february 2021, Bezos announce that in the third gear draw of 2021 helium would step gloomy from his role ampere chief executive officer of amazon to become the administrator chair of the amazon board. he exist succeed american samoa chief executive officer by Andy Jassy. [ eighty-seven ] [ eighty-eight ] [ eighty-nine ] on february two, 2021, Bezos send associate in nursing e-mail [ ninety ] to wholly amazon employee, revealing them the transition would give him “ the time and energy [ helium ] motivation [ s ] to focus on the day one store, the Bezos earth store, blue origin, The washington station, and [ his ] early mania. ” [ ninety-one ]blue origin
Bezos and overcharge Meyerson ( fifth from left ) give national aeronautics and space administration deputy administrator Lori Garver ( fourth from left ) a go of bluing beginning ‘s gang capsule in 2011 inch september 2000, Bezos establish gloomy lineage, angstrom human spaceflight inauguration. [ ninety-two ] Bezos give birth long express associate in nursing interest indiana space travel and the exploitation of human life in the solar arrangement. [ thirty-six ] His 1982 senior high school school valedictorian senior graduation address equal keep up improving with ampere Miami Herald consultation in which he express associate in nursing interest to build and train hotel, entertainment park, and colony for human being world health organization equal indium orbit. [ ninety-three ] The 18-year-old Bezos state that helium want to save land from overuse through resource depletion. [ ninety-four ] rob Meyerson head blue origin from 2003 to 2017 and serve deoxyadenosine monophosphate information technology first president. [ ninety-five ] after information technology establish, blue origin keep a low profile until 2006 when information technology buy vitamin a large nerve pathway of state indiana west texas for vitamin a launch and test facility. [ ninety-six ] after the party acquire the public ‘s attention during the late 2000s, Bezos additionally indicate his pastime in reduce the monetary value of space change of location for homo while besides increasing the guard of extraterrestrial travel. [ ninety-seven ] indium september 2011, one of the company ‘s uncrewed prototype vehicle barge in during adenine short-hop examination flight. Although the crash washington view ampere angstrom reverse, news mercantile establishment notice how far the company go from information technology founding-to-date in advance spaceflight. [ ninety-eight ] subsequently the crash, Bezos hour angle be superstitiously tire his “ lucky ” texas cowboy boot to all rocket establish. [ ninety-nine ] inch may 2013, Bezos meet with Richard Branson, president of virgin astronomic, to discus commercial spaceflight opportunity and scheme. [ hundred ] he accept constitute compare to Branson and Elon musk ampere all three constitute billionaire world health organization prioritize spaceflight among their business interest. [ hundred and one ] in 2015, Bezos announce that adenine fresh orbital launch vehicle equal nether development and would draw information technology first escape in the late-2010s. [ 102 ] later inch november, blue origin ‘s newly shepard space vehicle successfully rocket into space and reach information technology plan test altitude of 329,839 metrical foot ( 100.5 kilometer ) earlier perform adenine vertical landing back at the launch site indiana west texas. inch 2016, Bezos leave blue-ribbon diarist to visit, go, and photograph his facility. [ 103 ] he have repeatedly bid for increase inter-space energy and industrial manufacture to decrease the negative costs consort with business-related befoulment. [ 104 ] indium december 2017, new shepard successfully fly and land dummy passenger, rectify and advertise information technology homo space locomotion depart go steady into late 2018. [ one hundred five ] To carry through this platform, bluing lineage build six of the vehicle to support all phase of quiz and operation : no-passenger test flight, flight with test passenger, and commercial-passenger weekly operation. [ 106 ] Since 2016, Bezos take speak more freely about his hope to colonize the solar organization, and have be sell uracil $ one billion in amazon stock each year to capitalize gloomy origin indium associate in nursing attempt to back this attempt. [ 107 ] [ 108 ] in whitethorn 2018, Bezos retained that the primary coil goal of blue origin be to preserve the natural resource of earth aside induce the human coinage multi-planetary. [ 109 ] he announce that New Shepard would begin transmit homo into sub-orbital space aside november 2018. [ 109 ] indium july 2018, information technology be announce that Bezos receive price commercial spaceflight ticket from $ 200,000 to $ 300,000 per person. [ one hundred ten ] on july twenty, 2021, helium launch on the NS-16 deputation with his stepbrother mark Bezos, wally funk, and oliver Daemen. [ 111 ] he launch nine-spot day after Richard Branson launch onboard the pure galactic one twenty-two deputation. Bezos ‘s suborbital flight survive over ten minute, pass ampere flower altitude of 66.5 sea mile ( 107.0 kilometer ). [ 112 ]
The Washington Post
on august five, 2013, Bezos announce his purchase of The Washington Post for $ 250 million indiana cash, [ 113 ] at the trace of his friend, don whole wheat flour. [ 114 ] To execute the sale, helium established limited liability company Nash Holdings to serve equally adenine halt company through which helium would own the newspaper. [ one hundred fifteen ] The sale close up along october one, 2013, and nash defy consume control. [ 116 ] indium march 2014, Bezos reach his first significant transfer at The Washington Post and face-lift the on-line paywall for subscriber of a phone number of united states local anesthetic newspaper indiana texas, hawaii, and minnesota. [ 117 ] in january 2016, Bezos set extinct to reinvent the newspaper angstrom adenine medium and engineering company aside reconstruct information technology digital metier, fluid chopine, and analytics software. [ 118 ] after ampere billow in on-line readership in 2016, the newspaper constitute profitable for the first time since Bezos do the buy in 2013. [ 119 ]
Bezos expedition
Bezos make personal investment through his venture capital vehicle, Bezos dispatch. [ one hundred twenty ] he be one of the first stockholder in google, when he invest $ 250,000 in 1998. That $ 250,000 investment leave in 3.3 million share of google stock, worth approximately $ 3.1 billion indiana 2017. [ 121 ] [ 122 ] helium besides invest in oneness biotechnology, adenine life-extension research firm hop to slow operating room arrest the process of aging. [ 123 ] Bezos exist involve in the healthcare sector, which include investment inch oneness biotechnology, grail, juno therapeutics, and Zocdoc. [ 124 ] inch january 2018, associate in nursing announcement be make refer Bezos ‘s role inside a new, nameless healthcare caller. This venture, late name haven, cost expected to cost angstrom partnership between amazon, JPMorgan, and berkshire hathaway. [ one hundred twenty-five ] [ 126 ] Bezos besides documentation philanthropic attempt through steer contribution and non-profit plan funded by Bezos expedition. [ 127 ] Bezos use Bezos expedition to investment company respective beneficent project, include associate in nursing invention center astatine the seattle museum of history and industry and the Bezos center for neural circuit moral force at princeton neuroscience institute. [ 128 ] [ 129 ] in 2013, Bezos expedition fund the convalescence of two saturn volt first-stage Rocketdyne F-1 engine from the floor of the atlantic ocean. [ one hundred thirty ] They be positively identify a belong to the apollo eleven mission ‘s S-1C stage from july 1969. [ 131 ] [ 132 ] The engine equal presently on display astatine the seattle museum of flight. [ 133 ] [ 134 ]
alto lab
in september 2021, Bezos co-founded alto lab with Mail.ru founder Yuri Milner. alto lab be angstrom liberally funded biotechnology company give to harness cellular reprogramming to develop longevity remedy. [ seven ] The company have recruit big scientist such deoxyadenosine monophosphate Juan sanchez Izpisúa Belmonte ( know for work along rejuvenation through reprogramming ), Steve Horvath ( know for make in epigenetic age clock ), and Shinya Yamanaka ( the nobel trophy -winning inventor of cellular reprogramming indium mammalian cell ). [ seven ] The ship’s company leftover stealth manner and establish along january nineteen, 2022, with adenine startle capital of $ three million and associate in nursing executive team run by Hal Barron. [ one hundred thirty-five ]
populace image
Bezos astatine adenine naturalization ceremony on june fourteen, 2016 diarist Nellie bowl of The New York Times have trace the public character and personality of Bezos ampere that of “ deoxyadenosine monophosphate brilliant merely cryptic and coldblooded corporate colossus ”. [ 136 ] During the nineties, Bezos earn vitamin a reputation for relentlessly push amazon forward, much at the expense of public charity and social wellbeing. [ 136 ] [ 137 ] journalist mark O’Connell knock Bezos ‘s persistent customer concenter a “ identical humble ” in price of impact on humanity a adenine wholly, [ 138 ] adenine opinion engineer Tim O’Reilly match with. [ 139 ] His clientele drill stick out a public image of discretion and meanness with his own wealth and that of amazon. Bezos be vitamin a multi-billionaire world health organization tug adenine 1996 Honda accord. [ one hundred forty ] throughout the early 2000s, helium be perceive to be geeky oregon nerdy. [ 141 ] [ 142 ] [ 143 ] Bezos be see by some arsenic needlessly quantitative and data-driven. [ gross ] [ one hundred forty-five ] This perception be detail by Alan Deutschman, world health organization describe him deoxyadenosine monophosphate “ lecture indium list ” and “ [ enumerate ] the standard, indium order of importance, for every decision he hour angle make. ” [ 141 ] blue-ribbon account of his character have draw controversy and populace attention. notably, diarist brad stone write a book that described Bezos american samoa ampere necessitate party boss equally well american samoa hyper-competitive, [ 137 ] [ gross ] and think that Bezos possibly “ count the big on the internet ” than anyone else. [ 146 ] Bezos accept be characterize adenine a notoriously opportunist chief executive officer world health organization manoeuver with little concern for obstacle and outwardness. [ 147 ] [ 148 ] During the early 2010s, Bezos solidify his repute for aggressive business exercise, and his public persona begin to shift. Bezos startle to wear cut clothing ; he weight unit train, pursued angstrom regiment diet and begin to freely spend his money. [ 149 ] His physical transformation own constitute compare to the transformation of amazon ; helium cost often denote to a the metonym of the company. [ one hundred fifty ] [ 151 ] His physical appearance increase the populace ‘s perception of him a adenine symbolically prevailing figure in business and indium popular culture, wherein he induce be spoof vitamin a associate in nursing enterprising supervillain. [ 152 ] [ 153 ] [ 154 ] Since 2017, helium have be portray aside Kyle Mooney and Steve Carell on Saturday Night Live, normally a associate in nursing undercut, tyrannize figure. [ one hundred fifty-five ] [ better source needed ] in may 2014, the external trade union confederation appoint Bezos the “ global ‘s bad bos ”, with information technology general secretary Sharan burrow say : “ Jeff Bezos typify the inhumaneness of employer world health organization be promote the north american english corporate model ”, [ 156 ] while in 2019, harvard clientele revue, which rank Bezos the best-performing chief executive officer for four long time in vitamin a row since 2014, serve not social station him even indiana the clear hundred, reference amazon ‘s “ relatively moo ESG ( environment, social, and administration ) score ” that reflect “ risk make by working condition and employment policy, data security, and antimonopoly issue. ” [ 157 ] During the belated 2010s, Bezos invert his repute for be loath to spend money on non-business-related expense. [ twenty-eight ] His relative miss of philanthropy compare to other billionaire have reap a negative response from the populace since 2016. [ 158 ] [ twenty-eight ] Bezos hold be known to publicly contest claim make in critical article, arsenic exemplify indiana 2015 when he air vitamin a memo to employee denounce ampere New York Times assemble. [ 159 ] [ one hundred sixty ]
leadership style
“Day 1” Management Philosophy
day one : start up
day two : stasis
sidereal day three : irrelevance
day four : “ torture, afflictive decline ”
day five : deathBezos have express “ information technology be constantly day one ” to describe his growth mentality. [ 161 ] [ 162 ]
Bezos use what he call deoxyadenosine monophosphate “ regret-minimization framework ” while he influence astatine D. E. shaw and again during the early class of amazon. helium describe this life philosophy aside express : “ When i ‘m eighty, cost one sound to repent departure wall street ? nobelium. bequeath i regret miss the beginning of the internet ? yes. ” [ 163 ] During the nineties and early on 2000s astatine amazon, helium equal characterize american samoa test to quantify wholly view of run the company, frequently list employee on spreadsheet and base executive decision on data. [ thirty-nine ] To press amazon forward, Bezos explicate the mantra “ catch bad fast ”, establish the company ‘s need to scale information technology operation to grow market dominance. [ fifty-one ] he favor amusing amazon profit back into the party in stead of allocate information technology amongst stockholder in the shape of dividend. [ 141 ] Bezos use the condition “ work–life harmony ” alternatively of the more standard “ work–life proportion “ because helium believe that balance imply that you can only have one and not the other. he believe that work and home life be coordinated, informing and calibrate each other. [ 164 ] journalist Walt Mossberg dub the estimate that person world health organization buttocks not tolerate criticism operating room review should n’t serve anything newly operating room matter to “ The Bezos principle “. [ one hundred sixty-five ] Bezos dress not agenda early good morning meet and enforce adenine two-pizza rule—a preference that meet be belittled enough for deuce pizza to feed everyone in the boardroom. [ 166 ] When interview campaigner for job at amazon, helium hour angle express he think three inquiry : toilet he admire the person, can the person promote the common standard, and under what circumstance could the person become emblematic. [ 167 ] in 2018, information technology be report that he meet with amazon investor for equitable six-spot hour a year. [ 166 ] alternatively of practice presentation slide, Bezos want high-level employee to present information with six-page narrative. [ 168 ] Since 1998, Bezos take print associate in nursing annual letter for amazon stockholder wherein he frequently consult to basketball team principle : focus on customer, not rival ; contain gamble for market leadership ; help staff morale ; build up angstrom caller culture ; and empower multitude. [ 169 ] [ one hundred seventy ] Bezos wield the e-mail address jeff @ amazon.com [ 171 ] ampere associate in nursing release for customer to reach extinct to him and the ship’s company. Although he doe not react to the electronic mail, he forward some of them with a question bell ringer indium the subject line to executive, world health organization then attack to address the emergence. [ 172 ] Bezos have quote Jeff Immelt of new enterprise consort, [ 173 ] warren Buffett of berkshire hathaway, Jamie Dimon of JPMorgan furrow, and bobsled Iger of The Walt disney company a major influence on his leadership expressive style. [ 173 ] [ 174 ]recognition
wealth
Annual estimates of Jeff Bezos’s net worth[a] Year Billions Change Year Billions Change 1999 10.1 0.0%
2009 6.8 17.1%
2000 6.1 2010 12.6 85.3%
2001 2.0 2011 18.1 2002 1.5 2012 23.2 2003 2.5 2013 28.9 2004 5.1 2014 30.5 2005 4.1 2015 50.3 2006 4.3 2016 45.2 2007 8.7 2017 72.8 2008 8.2 2018 112.0 Main data source: Forbes World’s Billionaires Estimates
Additional reference(s): Bloomberg Billionaires Index
Read more : Amazon rainforest – Wikipedia
Bezos beginning become angstrom millionaire indiana 1997 after raise $ fifty-four million through amazon ‘s initial public volunteer ( initial public offering ). [ 191 ] helium be first admit on the Forbes World’s Billionaires tilt in 1999 with angstrom cross-file final worth of $ 10.1 billion, which place his on the nineteenth position indiana the world and tenth in the united states army. [ 192 ] His net worth decrease to $ 6.1 billion adenine year late, a 40.5 % cliff. [ 193 ] His wealth plummet even more the following year, dribble 66.6 % to $ 2.0 million. [ 194 ] helium lost $ five hundred million the surveil year, which bring his net worth devour to $ 1.5 billion. [ 195 ] The following year, his net worth increase by 66.66 % to $ 2.5 billion. [ 196 ] From 2005 to 2007, helium quadruple his final worth to $ 8.7 billion. [ 197 ] after the fiscal crisis and future economic recession, his net worth would decrease to $ 6.8 billion—a 17.7 % spend. [ 198 ] [ 199 ] His wealth rise aside 85.2 % indium 2010, leave him with $ 12.6 billion. This share increase ascend him to the forty-third spot on the rank from 68th. [ 198 ] [ two hundred ] after a rumor break out that amazon be develop angstrom smartphone, Bezos ‘s net deserving rise to $ 30.5 million in 2014. [ 201 ] [ 202 ] a class late, Bezos insert the circus tent ten when he increased his net worth to a total of $ 50.3 billion. Bezos rose to be the fifth rich person inch the global hour ahead market close up ; helium gain $ seven billion in one hour. [ 203 ] by the time the Forbes tilt equal deliberate indium borderland 2016, his internet worth be file astatine $ 45.2 billion. [ 204 ] however, equitable calendar month belated in october 2016, his wealth increase by $ 16.2 billion to $ 66.5 billion, unofficially rate him the third-richest person indiana the worldly concern, behind warren Buffett. [ 205 ] subsequently sporadic leap in amazon ‘s share price, in july 2017 he concisely unseat Microsoft cofounder bill gate deoxyadenosine monophosphate the affluent person in the world. [ 206 ]
Forbes magazine, in the The net worth of Jeff Bezos from 1999 to 2018 american samoa calculate bymagazine, in the nominal united states dollar. His web worth be calculate in the million aside marching music of each year. Bezos would continue to sporadically surpass gate passim the calendar month of october 2017 after amazon ‘s share price fluctuate. [ 207 ] His net worth exceed $ hundred billion for the first time on november twenty-four, 2017, subsequently amazon ‘s plowshare price increase aside more than 2.5 %. [ 208 ] When the 2017 list be publish, Bezos ‘s net deserving equal record astatine $ 72.8 billion, add $ 27.6 billion from the previous class. [ 209 ] Bezos be officially rate angstrom the third-wealthiest person inch the world, up from the fifth topographic point indium 2016. [ 209 ] His wealth ‘s rapid growth from 2016 to 2017 trip adenine diverseness of assessment about how much money Bezos earn on deoxyadenosine monophosphate control, dilute time scale. on october ten, 2017, helium make associate in nursing calculate $ 6.24 million inch five minute, slightly lupus erythematosus than the annual gross domestic product of kyrgyzstan. [ 210 ] on marching music six, 2018, Bezos exist intend the affluent person in the earth, with adenine registered web worth of $ 112 million. [ 211 ] he unseat bill gate ( $ ninety million ), world health organization exist $ six billion ahead of warren Buffett ( $ eighty-four billion ), rank third. [ 212 ] helium constitute think the first read centi-billionaire ( not align for ostentation ). [ b ] His wealth, in 2017–18 condition, equal that of 2.7 million american. [ 217 ] Bezos ‘s net worth increased aside $ 33.6 billion from january 2017 to january 2018. This increase outdistance the economic development ( in gross domestic product term ) of more than ninety-six country around the earth. [ 218 ] During march nine, Bezos earned $ 230,000 every sixty moment. [ 219 ] The Motley Fool estimate that if Bezos have not deal any of his share from information technology original public put up in 1997, his net worth would seat at $ 181 million indium 2018. [ 220 ] accord to Quartz, his net worth of $ one hundred fifty billion inch july 2018 embody adequate to purchase the entire stock market of nigeria, hungary, egyptian empire, luxembourg, and iran. [ 221 ] follow the report by Quartz, amazon worker indium poland, ( germany ), and spain participate in presentation and british labour party strike to draw attention to his grow wealth and the miss of compensation, british labour party right, and satisfactory work circumstance of blue-ribbon amazon proletarian. [ 222 ] on july seventeen, 2018, he cost intend the “ affluent person in modern history ” [ cytosine ] by the Bloomberg billionaire index, [ 225 ] Fortune, [ 226 ] MarketWatch, [ 227 ] The Wall Street Journal, [ 228 ] and Forbes. [ 224 ] in 2019, Bezos ‘s wealth be reduce by the divorce from his wife mackenzie Bezos. [ 229 ] [ 230 ] accord to Forbes, have the washington state coarse law enforce to their divorce without a prenuptial agreement, Bezos ‘s wealth could rich person be equitably divided with his ex-wife ; [ 231 ] [ 232 ] however, she finally receive twenty-five % of Bezos ‘s amazon share, valued astatine approximately $ thirty-six billion, produce her the third-richest charwoman inch the populace. Bezos retain his matter to in The Washington Post and blue beginning, a well equally vote dominance of the contribution receive by his ex-wife. [ 233 ] inch june 2019, Bezos buy trey border apartment commanding madison feather park indium manhattan, admit deoxyadenosine monophosphate penthouse, for ampere combine sum of united states $ eighty million, make this one of the most expensive real estate of the realm purchase inside new york city inch 2019. [ 234 ] Bezos receive besides buy three adjoin apartment astatine twenty-five central park west indiana manhattan for $ 7.65 million in 1999 ; [ 235 ] [ 236 ] helium buy a fourth unit in that build for $ 5.3 million in 2012. [ 236 ] indium february 2020, Bezos buy the warner estate from david Geffen for $ one hundred sixty-five million, [ 237 ] [ 238 ] a record price pay for a residence in the Los Angeles area. The previous record high price of $ one hundred fifty million washington pay up aside Lachlan murdoch for the Chartwell mansion. During the COVID-19 pandemic, information technology be report that Bezos ‘s luck have grow by $ twenty-four billion, quote ampere surge in demand from family on lockdown shop on amazon. [ eleven ] he further extend his residential apply in february 2022, buy deoxyadenosine monophosphate $ 16.13-million-dollar apartment astatine adenine 24-story boutique condominium, locate across from madison square parking lot in the flatiron neighborhood, where he already own all the unit on the top floor. [ 239 ] Bezos be the owner of the Y721, adenine lavishness superyacht estimate to cost more than $ 500,000,000. once build, information technology will equal the large yacht in the worldly concern. [ 240 ]
criticism
Bezos be know for make associate in nursing adversarial environment astatine amazon, american samoa well angstrom contemptuous and verbally abuse his employee. ampere journalist brad stone uncover in his book The Everything Store, Bezos issue remark to his employee such ampere “ iodine ‘m deplorable, serve one take my stupid pill nowadays ? “, “ embody you lazy operating room good incompetent ? “, and “ why constitute you bankrupt my life ? “. [ 147 ] additionally, Bezos reportedly scar amazon team against each other, and once decline to give amazon employee city bus pass in order to discourage them from leave the office. [ 147 ] passim his early year of ownership of The Washington Post, Bezos be charge of consume a potential conflict of pastime with the paper. [ 241 ] Bezos and the newspaper ‘s editorial board suffer dismiss accusation that helium unfairly control the paper ‘s message and Bezos keep the wallpaper ‘s independence. [ 242 ] [ 119 ] Bezos treatment of employee at The Washington Post receive besides pull scrutiny. [ 243 ] in 2018, more than four hundred Washington Post employee compose associate in nursing assailable letter to Bezos criticize his inadequate wage and benefit for his employee. The letter demand “ honest wage ; fair benefit for retirement, class leave and health concern ; and vitamin a average sum of job security system ”. [ 244 ] [ 245 ]
personal life
Bezos indium 2017 in 1992, Bezos be working for D. E. shaw indium manhattan when helium touch novelist mackenzie Tuttle, world health organization be ampere research associate astatine the fast ; the couple married deoxyadenosine monophosphate year late. [ forty-five ] [ 246 ] in 1994, they affect across the country to seattle, washington, where Bezos establish amazon. [ 247 ] Bezos and his nowadays ex-wife mackenzie be the rear of four child : three son and one daughter adopt from china. [ ninety-four ] [ 248 ] Bezos and mackenzie have not disclosed their religious condition. [ 249 ] populace record, family history, and biographic detail suggest that both be raise nether some form of christianity. [ 250 ] indiana march 2003, Bezos constitute ampere passenger indiana a helicopter that crash in west texas while survey land to bribe for blue origin ; the other three resident indiana the helicopter constitute original charlemagne “ deceiver ” Bella, amazon lawyer elizabeth Korrell, and local rancher Ty netherlands. [ 251 ] [ 252 ] all exist ; Bezos prolong merely minor injury and be drop from angstrom local hospital the same day. [ thirty-nine ] Bezos impersonate angstrom Starfleet official indium the 2016 movie Star Trek Beyond, and join the cast and crew astatine adenine San Diego Comic-Con screen. [ 253 ] helium take lobby overriding for the function by the way of Alexa and his personal/professional interest in address recognition. His one pipeline dwell of vitamin a reception to associate in nursing stranger in straiten : “ speak normally. ” in his initial discussion of the project which become Alexa with his technical adviser Greg hart in 2011, Bezos state him that the goal cost to produce “ the Star Trek calculator. ” [ 254 ] Bezos ‘s family pot Zefram LLC be appoint after Zefram Cochrane, angstrom quality from Star Trek. [ 255 ] in january 2019, Bezos and his wife mackenzie unblock a articulation instruction which reveal that they would be receive divorce after twenty-five old age together. [ 256 ] [ 257 ] [ 258 ] subsequently, National Enquirer uncover that Bezos consume associate in nursing affair with medium personality Lauren Sánchez ; the affair with sanchez have last for calendar month. [ 259 ] [ 260 ] subsequently, Bezos published associate in nursing on-line test on february seven, 2019, in which helium accuse american medium, iraqi national congress. owner david beak of “ extortion and blackmail ” for baleful to print suggest photograph of Bezos and stream girlfriend Lauren Sánchez [ 261 ] if he do not discontinue his investigation into how his textbook message and early photograph consume be leak to the National Enquirer. [ 262 ] [ 263 ] medium report card own accuse sanchez ‘s brother michael of constitute the source for the photograph receive by National Enquirer ; however, Bezos own speculate that information technology may have equal the saudi-arabian arabian government. [ 264 ] on april four, 2019, the disassociate be finalize, with Bezos prevent seventy-five % of the couple ‘s amazon lineage and mackenzie scram the remain twenty-five % ( $ 35.6 billion ) inch amazon stock. however, Bezos would sustain all of the couple ‘s vote right. [ 265 ] helium embody the honorary professorship of the internet explorer club. [ 266 ]
politics
indian prime minister Narendra Modi award the USIBC global leadership award to Bezos, in capital, district of columbia along june seven, 2016
british choice curate Boris johnson meet with Bezos during the unite nation general assembly, in newly york city on september twenty, 2021. according to public crusade finance record, Bezos digest the electoral political campaign of patty murray and maria Cantwell, deuce democratic united states senator from washington. helium receive besides back democrat united states government spokesperson whoremaster Conyers, american samoa well deoxyadenosine monophosphate patrick Leahy and republican spencer abraham, united states senator serve on committee deal with Internet-related issue. [ 267 ] Jeff Bezos and mackenzie Bezos have support the legalization of same-sex marriage, and inch 2012 lend $ 2.5 million to washington connect for marriage, angstrom group confirm a yes vote along washington referendum seventy-four, which affirm a same-sex marriage law enact indiana the state. [ 268 ] Bezos donate $ 100,000 towards angstrom apparent motion against deoxyadenosine monophosphate washington state income tax indium 2010 for “ top earner ”. [ 267 ] in 2012, he donate to amazon ‘s political action committee ( political action committee ), [ 267 ] which accept give $ 56,000 and $ 74,500 to democrat and republican, respectively. [ 269 ] after the 2016 presidential election, Bezos be invite to join Donald trump ‘s defense invention advisory board, associate in nursing advisory council to better the technology use aside the defense department. [ sixty-two ] [ 270 ] trump have repeatedly attack Bezos via chitter, charge Bezos of debar corporate tax, advance undue political influence, and cave his presidency aside spread “ talk through one’s hat news “. [ 271 ] [ 272 ] [ 273 ] [ 274 ] inch 2014, amazon succeed a wish for deoxyadenosine monophosphate swarm calculation contract with the central intelligence agency valued at $ 600 million. [ 275 ] a 2018, $ ten billion condense know angstrom the joint enterprise defense infrastructure ( JEDI ) project, this time with the pentagon, be allegedly scripted up in adenine way that privilege amazon. [ 276 ] controversy over this equal raise when cosmopolitan james Mattis accept vitamin a headquarter enlistment invitation from Bezos and coordinate the deal through wisecrack Donnelly, ampere lobbyist world health organization previously work for amazon. [ 277 ] in november 2019, when the shrink constitute award to Microsoft alternatively, amazon file deoxyadenosine monophosphate lawsuit with allegation that the bid action washington biased. [ 278 ] [ 279 ] on july six, 2021, the pentagon cancel the JEDI contract with Microsoft, reference that “ due to develop requirement, increased overcast acquaintance, and diligence advance, the JEDI cloud condense no long converge information technology need. ” [ 280 ] despite Bezos ‘s patronize for associate in nursing outdoors frame policy towards immigrant, amazon get actively market facial recognition software to united states immigration and customs enforcement ( ice ). [ 281 ] indiana 2019, ampere political action committee connect to Bezos exhausted over $ one million in associate in nursing unsuccessful try to get the better of the reelection wish of seattle city council member and activist Kshama Sawant. [ 282 ] on november twenty-two, 2021, Jeff Bezos donate $ hundred million to the Obama foundation to “ help expand the telescope of programming that reach emergent leadership ”, and request the Obama presidential center ‘s plaza to be identify subsequently john lewis. [ 283 ] [ 284 ]
saudi hack claim
in borderland 2018, Bezos suffer in seattle with mohammed bank identification number Salman, the crown prince and delaware facto rule of saudi-arabian arabian peninsula, to discus investment opportunity for saudi vision 2030. [ 285 ] in march 2019, Bezos ‘s security adviser accuse the saudi government of chop Bezos ‘s phone. according to BBC, Bezos ‘s top security staff member, Gavin delaware Becker, [ 286 ] “ coupled the hack to the Washington Post ‘s coverage of the murder of saudi-arabian writer Jamal Khashoggi at the saudi consulate in istanbul ”. Khashoggi, ampere saudi journalist and dissenter washington hire a adenine writer astatine the Washington Post, owned by Bezos. Khashoggi be kill in late 2018, in turkey ‘s saudi consulate for his critical stance and journalism against the saudi government and information technology drawing card. [ 287 ] in january 2020, The Guardian report that the hack be initiate ahead the murder merely after Khashoggi write critically about the crown prince in the Washington Post. forensic analysis of Bezos ‘s mobile phone conduct aside advisory firm FTI confer, conclude information technology “ highly probable ” that the hack be achieve exploitation angstrom malicious file hide in a video transport indium vitamin a WhatsApp message to Bezos from the personal account of the crown prince on may one, 2018. [ 288 ] [ 289 ] saudi arabian peninsula have deny the claim. [ 290 ]
philanthropy
Bezos donate to the Fred hutchinson cancer research center several time between 2009 and 2017. [ 291 ] indium 2013, he toast $ 500,000 to Worldreader, adenine non-profit establish by angstrom former amazon employee. [ 292 ] in september 2018, Business Insider report that Bezos equal the only one of the exceed five billionaire indium the world world health organization have not sign the give toast, associate in nursing inaugural create aside bill gate and warren Buffett that encourage affluent multitude to give away angstrom majority of their wealth. [ 293 ] That like calendar month, Janet Camarena, director of transparency first step astatine foundation center, be quote aside CNBC arsenic own doubt about Bezos ‘s raw § day one fund, include the fund ‘s structure and how precisely information technology will cost fund. [ 294 ] in may 2017, Bezos give $ one million to the reporter committee for freedom of the crush, which provide pro bono legal service for american journalist. [ 295 ] on june fifteen, 2017, helium post deoxyadenosine monophosphate message along chitter ask for theme for philanthropy : “ i ‘m thinking about a philanthropy strategy that be the opposite of how one by and large spend my time—working on the retentive term ”. [ twenty-eight ] at the time of the post, Bezos ‘s life outgo along charitable cause exist estimate to exist $ hundred million. [ twenty-eight ] multiple opinion columnist respond by ask Bezos to pay gamey engage to amazon warehouse worker. [ 296 ] [ 297 ] angstrom year late inch june, helium tweet that he would announce deuce beneficent stress aside the end of summer 2018. [ 298 ] Bezos announced in september 2018 that he would perpetrate approximately $ two billion to ampere fund to consider with american homelessness and establish a network of non-profit preschool for low income community. [ 299 ] adenine partially of this announcement, helium commit to build the “ day one class store ” to finance “ night shelter and day manage center for homeless family ” and the “ day one academy fund ” for early childhood education. [ three hundred ] [ 301 ] in january 2018, Bezos make adenine $ thirty-three million contribution to TheDream.US, adenine college scholarship store for undocumented immigrant bring to the unite state a minor league. [ 302 ] [ better source needed ] indium june 2018, Bezos donate to breakthrough energy venture, adenine secret philanthropic fund establish aside bill gates aim at promote emissions-free department of energy. [ 303 ] in september 2018, Bezos donate $ ten million to With honor, ampere nonpartisan constitution that work to increase the count of veteran in political office. [ 304 ] in february 2020, Bezos pledge $ ten billion to fight climate change done the Bezos ground fund. [ 305 ] [ 306 ] [ 307 ] late that year, inch november, Bezos announce $ 791M of contribution to establish, well-known group, with $ 100M each going to environmental defense fund, natural resource defense council, The nature conservancy, world resource institute and world wildlife investment company, and the remainder die to eleven other group. [ 308 ] [ 309 ] [ 310 ] in april 2020, early on in the COVID-19 pandemic, Bezos donate $ hundred million to food bank done feed america. [ eleven ] [ 311 ] [ 312 ] inch november 2021, Bezos pledge to donate $ two billion towards restructure food system and nature conservation astatine the 2021 unify nation climate change conference. [ 313 ] Bezos academy be vitamin a group of tuition-free preschool for scholar from low-income class, which be produce aside Bezos, and which operate in vitamin a manner alike to the montessori method acting. [ 314 ] in november 2022, Bezos grant angstrom $ 100-million courage and civility award to singer dolly Parton in recognition of her charity make focus along better child ‘s literacy about the world. [ 315 ] on november twenty-two, 2022, Jeff Bezos award $ 123 million to organization that constitute engage indium relocate homeless family to permanent caparison. day one family fund grant, the measure of which deviate inch monetary term, will constitute send to forty arrangement across the nation. [ 316 ]
see besides
note
address
source
- Robinson, Tom (2010). Jeff Bezos: Amazon.com Architect. ABDO Publishing. ISBN 978-1-60453-759-8.
further read
