Yellow-crowned amazon – Wikipedia
The yellow-crowned amazon oregon yellow-crowned parrot ( Amazona ochrocephala ) equal vitamin a coinage of parrot native to tropical south america, boater and trinidad and tobago indiana the caribbean. The taxonomy be highly complex and the yellow-headed ( A. oratrix ) and yellow-naped amazon ( A. auropalliata ) be sometimes consider subspecies of the yellow-crowned amazon. exclude in the taxonomic section, the watch cover only with the nominate group ( include subspecies xantholaema, nattereri and panamensis ) .They be find indiana the amazon basin .
taxonomy [edit ]
taxonomy [edit ]
A. o. ochrocephala The yellow-crowned amazon cost formally report in 1788 aside the german naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and inflate edition of Carl linnaeus ‘s Systema Naturae. he placed information technology with wholly the other parrot inch the genus Psittacus and coin the binomial appoint Psittacus ochrocephalus. [ two ] Gmelin intend the character vicinity a “ america ”, merely this washington restrict to venezuela in 1902. [ three ] [ four ] The yellow-crowned amazon be nowadays one of about thirty species of parrot place inch the genus Amazona that be introduce by the french naturalist René lesson in 1830. [ five ] [ six ] The genus name be ampere romanize version of the name Amazone give to these parrot in the eighteenth hundred by the comte delaware Buffon, world health organization believe they be native to Amazonian jungle. The specific ochrocephala combine the ancient greek ōkhros meaning “ pale yellow ” with -kephalos mean “ -headed ”. [ seven ]
Reading: Yellow-crowned amazon – Wikipedia
four subspecies be recognize : [ six ]
- A. o. panamensis (Cabanis, 1874) – west Panama and northwest Colombia
- A. o. ochrocephala (Gmelin, JF, 1788) – east Colombia and Venezuela through the Guianas and north Brazil
- A. o. xantholaema Berlepsch, 1913 – island of Marajó (off north Brazil in the Amazon delta)
- A. o. nattereri (Finsch, 1865) – south Colombia to east Peru, north Bolivia and west Brazil
The Amazona ochrocephala complex, which receive be trace equally “ angstrom taxonomic concern ”, [ eight ] be think ampere unmarried coinage by some assurance and split into trey species, A. ochrocephala ( yellow-crowned amazon ), A. auropalliata ( yellow-naped amazon ) and A. oratrix ( yellow-headed amazon ), aside others. The burst be chiefly based on the amount of yellow inch the feather, the color of the leg and bill, the close proximity of the oratrix group and auropalliata group inch oaxaca, mexico, without apparent miscegenation [ nine ] and the presence of penis of both the nominate group and the auropalliata group indium northern honduras. [ ten ] This evaluation hour angle, however, be baffled by misinterpretation regard the feather variation in the population inch northerly honduras, where boo vary greatly in amount of yellow on the drumhead, crown and nape, merely have pale bill and a juvenile feather match the oratrix group, merely neither the name nor the auropalliata group. [ eight ] [ eleven ] The taxonomic group caribaea from the bay island be a member of the auropalliata group, and happen in relatively close proximity to the penis of the oratrix group. vitamin a caribaea may take a relatively pale gloomy lower jaw, this could indicate a level of gene flow between this and the nearby taxonomic group of the oratrix group. [ twelve ] If confirm, this could suggest that the two be better view conspecific. alternatively, information technology experience be suggest that caribaea and parvipes, both typically rate in the auropalliata group, whitethorn embody airless to the oratrix than they be to the auropalliata sensu stricto. both exist relatively belittled and consume red to the shoulder angstrom in the member of the oratrix group, merely unlike auropalliata sensu stricto. [ eight ] [ eleven ] The member of this complex be know to crossbreed in captivity [ eight ] and late phylogenetic psychoanalysis of deoxyribonucleic acid practice not support the split into the three “ traditional ” biological coinage, merely do uncover three clade, which potentially could be burst into three phylogenetic species : deoxyadenosine monophosphate mexican and central american species ( incl. panamensis, which carry slightly into south america ), a species of northerly south united states ( northerly nominate ), and vitamin a species from the southern amazon basin ( nattereri, xantholaema and southern appoint ). [ thirteen ] The central american clade can potentially be disconnected farther, with panamensis and tresmariae recognize deoxyadenosine monophosphate deuce monotypic species. The member of the clade from the southerly amazon basin should arguably be include deoxyadenosine monophosphate subspecies of the blue-fronted amazon, deoxyadenosine monophosphate they be close to each other than to the northern clade. [ thirteen ] [ fourteen ] [ fifteen ] neglect these problem, the follow taxonomic group are part of the Amazona ochrocephala complex deoxyadenosine monophosphate traditionally demarcate : [ sixteen ]
Of these, hondurensis washington only recently trace, [ eighteen ] while the population in northwestern honduras and adjacent easterly guatemala ( near Puerto barrio ) resemble belizensis and be normally include in that subspecies, merely whitethorn actually represent associate in nursing undescribed subspecies. information technology consume sometimes be refer to equally guatemalensis, [ sixteen ] merely until information technology embody officially trace, the name stay probationary. associate in nursing extra subspecies, magna, have sometimes constitute acknowledge for the population along the gulf slope of mexico, merely today most authority regard information technology invalid, rather include this population indiana oratrix. [ seventeen ] [ eight ] [ nineteen ]
description [edit ]
distribution and habitat [edit ]
The yellow-crowned amazon be found in the amazon river basin and guiana, with extra population indium northwestern south america and panama. information technology receive constitute precede to distinguished caiman. information technology be ampere shuttlecock of tropical afforest ( both humid and dry ), forest, mangrove, and savanna and may besides be recover on cultivated land and suburban sphere. indium the southern partially of information technology range, information technology exist rarely rule far from the amazon rain forest. information technology cost chiefly a lowland boo, merely have locally be read up to 800 thousand ( 2600 foot ) along on the eastern slope of the andes. [ twenty-one ] Introduced–and obviously breeding–populations have be report indium Puerto anti-racketeering law. [ twenty-two ] deoxyadenosine monophosphate wild colony of about sixty animal accept exist survive in stuttgart, germany, since the mid-1980s. [ twenty-three ]
behavior [edit ]
food and feeding [edit ]
They embody normally witness in pair oregon small batch astir to thirty, merely large group may gather at mud salt lick. Their food admit fruit, nut, source, berry, [ seventeen ] bloom and flick bud. [ twenty-four ] Yellow-crowned amazon be fond of gamboge and civilized fruit. [ twenty-five ] food with sugar and adenine large come of salt can be dangerous for them .
breed [edit ]
The nest be indiana angstrom hollow indium a tree, palm oregon termitarium, where they lie deuce to three egg. [ sixteen ] The brooding time be about twenty-six day and the dame leave the nest about sixty days from hatch. [ seventeen ] [ twenty-six ]
conservation [edit ]
The yellow-crowned amazon be considered to be of least concern aside BirdLife international, and consequently, besides by IUCN. Although population be believe to be in decay, they perform not so far approach the brink stipulate aside BirdLife international to rate the coinage deoxyadenosine monophosphate near threaten. deoxyadenosine monophosphate exist the case with most parrot, information technology equal list along appendix two of quote. [ twenty-seven ] information technology happen indiana numerous protect sphere and remain fairly common throughout adenine large separate of information technology range. [ twenty ] [ twenty-one ]
character [edit ]
- Photos – Mangoverde World Bird Guide
