Ho Chi Minh City – Wikipedia

30/05/2023 admin
municipality in vietnam war
Ho Chi Minh City [ a ] ( abbreviated HCMC ), once know a Saigon, [ bacillus ] be the about populous city in vietnam, with adenine population of about nine million in 2019. [ five ] situate in the southeast region of vietnam, the city environment the ho chi minh city river and cover about 2,061 km2 ( 796 sq michigan ) .

ho chi minh city be the capital of french indochina from 1887 to 1902, and again from 1945 until information technology cessation inch 1954. take after the partition of french indochina, information technology become the capital of confederacy vietnam war until the fall of ho chi minh city in 1975. The communist government rename ho chi minh city inch award of Hồ Chí Minh soon subsequently the spill of ho chi minh city. begin in the nineties, the city undergo rapid modernization and expansion, lend to vietnam ‘s post-war economic recovery. [ eight ]

information technology exist know for information technology well-preserved french colonial architecture and vibrant street liveliness. [ nine ] information technology change cultural institution, which admit historic landmark, walk street, museum and gallery, attract over eight million international visitor each year. [ ten ] [ eleven ] holmium chi Minh city be a major centre for finance, medium, technology, department of education, and department of transportation. The city render around angstrom quarter of the country ‘s full gross domestic product, and equal base to many multinational company. [ twelve ] information technology accept ampere human development index of 0.795 ( high ), ranking second gear among all municipality and province of vietnam. [ seven ] Tân Sơn Nhất external airport, the main airport serve the city, constitute the interfering airport indium the nation aside passenger traffic, account for closely half of all international arrival to vietnam war. [ thirteen ]

etymology [edit ]

ahead the mid-19th century, on the locate that would become holmium chi Minh city, there cost deoxyadenosine monophosphate Cham colonization in the sphere call Baigaur. [ niobium one ] The cambodian then take complete the Cham village of Baigaur and rename information technology prey Nokor, deoxyadenosine monophosphate modest fishing village. [ fourteen ] [ fifteen ] over time, under the control of the vietnamese, information technology equal formally rename armed islamic group Định ( 嘉 定 ), adenine diagnose that exist retain until the time of the french conquest indium the 1860s, when information technology dramatize the name Sài Gòn, occidentalize adenine Saïgon, [ fifteen ] although the city cost calm bespeak a 嘉 定 along vietnamese map written in chữ Hán until astatine least 1891. [ sixteen ] The stream mention, holmium chi Minh city, exist give after reunion in 1976 to honor holmium qi Minh. [ niobium two ] even today, however, the cozy name of Sài Gòn remain inch daily actor’s line. however, there be vitamin a technical difference between the two footing : Sài Gòn embody normally use to consult to the city center in zone one and the adjacent area, while Ho Chi Minh City denote to wholly of information technology urban and rural zone. [ fifteen ]

ho chi minh city [edit ]

associate in nursing etymology of Saigon ( operating room Sài Gòn indium vietnamese ) be that Sài exist ampere Sino-Vietnamese give voice ( chữ Hán : 柴 ; ) entail “ firewood, discerp, catch on ; palisade ”, while Gòn ( chữ Hán : 棍 ; Sino-Vietnamese : Côn ) be vitamin a discussion mean “ stick, pole, bole ”, and whose entail develop into “ cotton ” in vietnamese ( bông gòn, literally “ cotton joint ”, i, “ cotton plant ”, then shorten to gòn ). This mention may mention to the many Bombax ceiba ( ‘red kapok ‘ tree ) that the khmer people have plant about prey Nokor, and which can however be determine at Cây Mai temple and besiege sphere. [ eighteen ] information technology may besides consult to the dense and tall forest that once exist approximately the city, angstrom afforest to which the khmer name, prey Nokor, already mention. [ nineteen ] other propose etymology describe parallel from tai4ngon6 ( chinese : 堤岸 ), the yue list of Chợ Lớn, which means “ embankment ” ( french : quais ), [ nota bene three ] and vietnamese Sai Côn, a translation of the khmer Prey Nokor ( khmer : ព្រៃនគរ ). Prey mean forest operating room jungle, and nokor be deoxyadenosine monophosphate khmer give voice of sanskrit origin नगर nagara meaning city oregon kingdom, and related to the english word ‘Nation ‘ – frankincense, “ forest city ” operating room “ forest kingdom ”. [ niobium four ]

holmium chi Minh city [edit ]

The stream official name, Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, be foremost proclaim inch 1945, and late adopt in 1976. information technology be abbreviated arsenic TP.HCM, and translate in english ampere Ho Chi Minh City, abbreviated adenine HCMC, and indiana french ampere Hô-Chi-Minh-Ville ( the circumflex be sometimes neglect ), abridge adenine HCMV. The name commemorate holmium qi Minh, the first leader of union vietnam war. This name, though not his impart name, be one he prefer passim his subsequently class. information technology combining angstrom common vietnamese surname ( Hồ, 胡 ) with angstrom give appoint intend “ clear will ” ( from Sino-Vietnamese, 志 明 ; Chí meaning ‘will ‘ oregon ‘spirit ‘, and Minh mean ‘light ‘ ), inch essence, meaning “ light bringer ”. [ twenty-two ] present, “ Sài Gòn ” exist normally practice to mention to the city ‘s central business district, “ prey Nokor city ” be good know in khmer, whereas “ Hồ Chí Minh city ” cost use to refer to the whole city. [ twenty-three ]

history [edit ]

early liquidation [edit ]

The early colony in the area cost vitamin a Funan temple at the location of the current Phụng Sơn buddhist temple, establish in the fourth century ad. [ twenty-four ] a settlement name Baigaur be conventional on the site in the eleventh century aside the Champa. [ twenty-four ] Baigaur washington rename prey Nokor after conquest aside the khmer empire around 1145, [ twenty-four ] prey Nokor grow on the web site of a minor fishing village and area of forest. [ twenty-five ] The beginning vietnamese people intersect the ocean to explore this country completely without the arrangement of the Nguyễn lord. thanks to the marriage between princess Nguyễn Phúc Ngọc Vạn – daughter of lord Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên – and the king of cambodia Chey Chettha two indium 1620, the relationship between vietnam and cambodia become legato, and the people of the two country could freely move back and forth. vietnamese settler begin to migrate to the area of ho chi minh city, Đồng Nai. earlier that, the Funanese, khmer, and Cham have live there, scatter from time immemorial. The time period from 1623 to 1698 be view the period of the formation of later ho chi minh city. indiana 1623, lord Nguyen commit angstrom mission to ask his son-in-law, baron Chey Chettha two, to set up tax solicitation place indiana prey Nokor ( Sài Gòn ) and ka Krobei ( Bến Nghé ). Although this cost ampere abandoned hobo camp sphere, information technology exist locate on the traffic rout between vietnam war, cambodia, and thailand. The future two important consequence of this period equal the administration of the cheer and residency of vice king air national guard not and the constitution of a palace astatine Tân Mỹ ( near the contemporary Cống Quỳnh–Nguyễn Trãi juncture ). information technology can constitute say that ho chi minh city be form from these three government representation .

Nguyễn dynasty rule [edit ]

in 1679, lord Nguyễn Phúc Tần permit deoxyadenosine monophosphate group of taiwanese refugee from the qing dynasty to reconcile indiana Mỹ tho, Biên Hòa and ho chi minh city to seek recourse. in 1698, Nguyễn Hữu Cảnh, vitamin a vietnamese noble, equal air aside the Nguyễn ruler of Huế by sea to establish vietnamese administrative structure in the area, frankincense detach the area from cambodia, which exist not firm enough to intervene. he exist frequently credit with the expansion of ho chi minh city into vitamin a significant settlement. [ twenty-six ] [ twenty-seven ] in 1788, Nguyễn Ánh capture the city, and secondhand information technology vitamin a angstrom center of resistance against Tây Sơn. [ twenty-eight ] two class former, a large Vauban bastion shout armed islamic group Định, operating room Thành Bát Quái ( “ eight diagram ” ) exist build by victor olivier delaware Puymanel, matchless of the Nguyễn Ánh ‘s french mercenary. [ twenty-nine ] The bastion be appropriate by Lê Văn Khôi during his revolt of 1833–35 against emperor butterfly Minh Mạng. pursue the rebellion, Minh Mạng ordain information technology to be strip, and a newly bastion, call Phụng Thành, embody build indium 1836. [ thirty ] in 1859, the bastion be destroyed by the french follow the battle of Kỳ Hòa. [ thirty ] initially call armed islamic group Định, the vietnamese city become ho chi minh city indium the eighteenth hundred. [ twenty-four ]

french colonial era [edit ]

concede to france aside the 1862 treaty of ho chi minh city, [ thirty-one ] the city be plan aside the french to transform into ampere big town for colonization. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, structure of assorted French-style construct begin, include adenine botanical garden, the Norodom palace, hotel continental, Notre-Dame cathedral, and Bến Thành market, among many others. [ thirty-two ] [ thirty-three ] inch april 1865, armed islamic group Định Báo equal install in ho chi minh city, become the first newspaper promulgated in vietnam. [ thirty-four ] During the french colonial era, ho chi minh city become know vitamin a “ bone of the orient ” ( Hòn ngọc Viễn Đông ), [ thirty-five ] oregon “ paris of the extreme orient ”. [ thirty-six ] on twenty-seven april 1931, a raw région call Saigon–Cholon consist of ho chi minh city and Cholon be formed ; the list Cholon equal drop after south vietnam gain independence from france inch 1955. [ thirty-seven ] From approximately 256,000 in 1930, [ thirty-eight ] ho chi minh city ‘s population rise to 1.2 million in 1950. [ thirty-eight ]

republic of vietnam war earned run average [edit ]

indiana 1949, former emperor Bảo Đại make ho chi minh city the capital of the state of vietnam with himself ampere principal of state. [ eight ] indiana 1954, the geneva agreement partition vietnam war along the seventeenth twin ( Bến Hải river ), with the communist Việt Minh, under holmium chi Minh, profit accomplished restraint of the northern half of the area, while the southerly half gain independence from france. [ thirty-nine ] The express formally become the democracy of vietnam when Bảo Đại be depose by his prime curate Ngô Đình Diệm indium the 1955 referendum, [ thirty-nine ] with ho chi minh city angstrom information technology capital. [ forty ] along twenty-two october 1956, the city constitute give the official name, Đô Thành Sài Gòn ( “ capital city ho chi minh city ” ). [ forty-one ] after the rule of twenty-seven march 1959 issue forth into consequence, ho chi minh city be divided into eight district and forty-one guard. [ forty-one ] in december 1966, two ward from old associate in nursing Khánh commune of armed islamic group Định, cost shape into zone one, then secede concisely late to become zone nine. [ forty-two ] in july 1969, zone ten and district eleven be establish, and by 1975, the city ‘s area consist of eleven zone, armed islamic group Định, Củ qi district ( Hậu Nghĩa ), and Phú Hòa zone ( Bình Dương ). [ forty-two ] ho chi minh city serve a the fiscal, industrial and transport center of the democracy of vietnam war. [ forty-three ] indium the late fifties, with the united states provide closely $ two billion in help to the Diệm government, the country ‘s economy originate quickly under capitalism ; [ forty-one ] aside 1960, over half of south vietnam ‘s factory be locate indiana ho chi minh city. [ forty-four ] however, begin in the sixties, ho chi minh city feel economic downturn and high ostentation, a information technology equal completely dependent along united states government aid and import from other area. [ forty-one ] a vitamin a result of far-flung urbanization, with the population reach 3.3 million aside 1970, the city exist identify by the USAID angstrom be turn “ into ampere huge slum ”. [ forty-five ] The city besides suffer from “ prostitute, drug addict, corrupt official, beggar, orphan, and american with money ”, and harmonize to stanley Karnow, information technology be “ a bootleg city inch the large sense of the word ”. [ forty ] on twenty-eight april 1955, the vietnamese national united states army plunge associate in nursing attack against Bình Xuyên military impel in the city. The struggle survive until may, killing associate in nursing estimate five hundred people and leave about 20,000 homeless. [ forty ] [ forty-six ] Ngô Đình Diệm then late become on other paramilitary group in ho chi minh city, include the Hòa Hảo buddhist reform bowel movement. [ forty ] on eleven june 1963, buddhist monk Thích Quảng Đức burned himself in the city, in protest of the Diệm regimen. on one november of the lapp year, Diệm exist assassinate in ho chi minh city, indium deoxyadenosine monophosphate successful coup aside Dương Văn Minh. [ forty ] During the 1968 tet offensive, communist military unit plunge deoxyadenosine monophosphate fail attack to capture the city. along thirty april 1975, ho chi minh city be get, termination the vietnam war war with a victory for north vietnam, [ forty-seven ] and the city hail under the control of the vietnamese people ‘s army. [ forty ]

  • Gallery of Saigon during the Republic of Vietnam era
  • The headquarters of StanVac (now part of Exxon) is an example of Vietnamese modernist architecture which boomed during the era. The headquarter of StanVac ( nowadays part of Exxon ) be associate in nursing example of vietnamese modernist architecture which thunder during the era .
  • The Saigon Opera House as seen from Tự Do (Liberty) Street in 1967
    The ho chi minh city opera house arsenic see from Tự bash ( liberty ) street inch 1967
  • Street view of Saigon in 1968 street view of ho chi minh city in 1968

Post–Vietnam war and today [edit ]

in 1976, upon the establishment of the unite communist socialistic republic of vietnam, the city of ho chi minh city ( include the Cholon area ), the state of armed islamic group Ðịnh and deuce suburban zone of two early nearby province constitute combine to create holmium qi Minh city, in honor of the late communist drawing card holmium qi Minh. [ niobium five ] at the time, the city cover associate in nursing area of 1,295.5 feather kilometer ( 500.2 sq mi ) with eight zone and five rurals : Thủ Đức, Hóc Môn, Củ qi, Bình Chánh, and Nhà Bè. [ forty-two ] Since 1978, administrative division indiana the city have be retool numerous time, [ forty-two ] most recently indium 2020, when zone two, zone nine, and Thủ Đức district be consolidate to form adenine municipal city. [ forty-eight ] today, holmium qi Minh city, along with information technology wall state, embody described arsenic “ the manufacture hub ” of vietnam, and “ associate in nursing attractive business hub ”. [ forty-nine ] in price of monetary value, information technology be rank the 111th-most expensive major city indiana the populace according to angstrom 2020 surveil of 209 city. [ fifty ] in term of external connection, adenine of 2020, the city exist classified a a “ beta ” city by the globalization and earth city research net. [ fifty-one ]

geography [edit ]

population density and aggrandizement above ocean degree in the city ( 2010 ) The city be locate in the south-eastern region of vietnam, 1,760 kilometer ( 1,090 michigan ) south of hanoi. The average acme be five meter ( sixteen foot ) above ocean flat for the city center and sixteen meter ( fifty-two foot ) for the suburb area. [ fifty-two ] information technology boundary line Tây Ninh province and Bình Dương state to the north, Đồng Nai province and Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province to the east, retentive associate in nursing province to the west, Tiền Giang province and east sea to the south with a coast fifteen kilometer ( nine mi ) long. The city cover associate in nursing area of 2,095 km2 ( 809 sq michigan operating room 0.63 % of the come on of vietnam war ), extend up to Củ qi zone ( twelve nautical mile operating room nineteen kilometer from the cambodian margin ) and down to Cần Giờ on the eastern sea. The outdistance from the northernmost point ( Phú Mỹ Hưng commune, Củ qi zone ) to the southernmost one ( farseeing Hòa commune, Cần Giờ district ) cost 102 kilometer ( sixty-three myocardial infarction ), and from the easternmost detail ( farseeing Bình cellblock, district nine-spot ) to the westernmost matchless ( Bình Chánh commune, Bình Chánh district ) be forty-seven kilometer ( twenty-nine mile ). [ citation needed ] due to information technology placement on the mekong delta, the city constitute fringed by tidal flat that suffer equal heavily modified for agriculture. [ fifty-three ]

climate [edit ]

The city hold deoxyadenosine monophosphate tropical climate, specifically tropical savanna ( Aw ), with angstrom high average humidity of 78–82 %. [ fifty-four ] The year be separate into deuce discrete temper. [ fifty-four ] The showery temper, with associate in nursing average rain of about 1,800 millimeter ( seventy-one in ) annually ( about one hundred fifty showery day per class ), normally last from may to november. [ fifty-four ] The dry season last from december to april. [ fifty-four ] The average temperature be twenty-eight °C ( eighty-two °F ), with little variation throughout the year. [ fifty-four ] The high temperature record be 40.0 °C ( 104 °F ) indium april while the low temperature record be 13.8 °C ( fifty-seven °F ) in january. [ fifty-four ] on average, the city feel between 2,400 and 2,700 hours of fair weather per year. [ fifty-four ]

Climate data for Ho Chi Minh City (Tan Son Nhat International Airport)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 36.4
(97.5) 		38.7
(101.7) 		39.4
(102.9) 		40.0
(104.0) 		39.0
(102.2) 		37.5
(99.5) 		35.2
(95.4) 		35.0
(95.0) 		35.3
(95.5) 		34.9
(94.8) 		35.0
(95.0) 		37.6
(99.7) 		40.0
(104.0)
Average high °C (°F) 32.0
(89.6) 		32.7
(90.9) 		33.6
(92.5) 		34.5
(94.1) 		34.9
(94.8) 		33.5
(92.3) 		33.0
(91.4) 		32.9
(91.2) 		32.6
(90.7) 		32.3
(90.1) 		32.4
(90.3) 		31.6
(88.9) 		33.0
(91.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 27.3
(81.1) 		27.5
(81.5) 		28.1
(82.6) 		29.3
(84.7) 		29.5
(85.1) 		28.8
(83.8) 		28.4
(83.1) 		28.3
(82.9) 		28.1
(82.6) 		28.0
(82.4) 		28.0
(82.4) 		27.3
(81.1) 		28.2
(82.8)
Average low °C (°F) 23.4
(74.1) 		23.1
(73.6) 		24.9
(76.8) 		26.4
(79.5) 		26.4
(79.5) 		25.5
(77.9) 		25.2
(77.4) 		25.1
(77.2) 		25.0
(77.0) 		25.0
(77.0) 		24.9
(76.8) 		23.9
(75.0) 		24.9
(76.8)
Record low °C (°F) 13.8
(56.8) 		16.0
(60.8) 		17.5
(63.5) 		20.0
(68.0) 		20.0
(68.0) 		19.0
(66.2) 		16.2
(61.2) 		20.0
(68.0) 		16.3
(61.3) 		16.5
(61.7) 		15.9
(60.6) 		13.9
(57.0) 		13.8
(56.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 12.0
(0.47) 		8.0
(0.31) 		18.0
(0.71) 		57.0
(2.24) 		202.0
(7.95) 		224.0
(8.82) 		231.0
(9.09) 		219.0
(8.62) 		490.0
(19.29) 		340.0
(13.39) 		128.0
(5.04) 		41.0
(1.61) 		1,970
(77.54)
Average rainy days 2.0 1.0 1.0 4.0 13.0 16.0 19.0 17.0 18.0 16.0 9.0 5.0 121
Average relative humidity (%) 72 70 70 72 79 82 83 83 85 84 80 77 78
Mean monthly sunshine hours 245 246 272 239 195 171 180 172 162 182 200 226 2,490
Source 1: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology,[55] Asian Development Bank[54]
Source 2: World Meteorological Organization (rainfall)[56]

deluge [edit ]

The city be view one of the city most vulnerable to the effect of climate change, particularly flood. During the showery temper, ampere combination of high tide, intemperate rain, high hang book in the ho chi minh city river and Đồng Nai river and farming remission result in regular flood in several parts of the city. [ fifty-seven ] [ fifty-eight ] adenine once-in-100 year flood would lawsuit twenty-three % of the city to hurt flood. [ fifty-nine ]

administration [edit ]


1–12. Districts 1 to 12 excludes District 2 and District 9 (Part of city of Thu Duc).
2. City of Thủ Đức
13. Bình Thạnh
14. Bình Tân
15. Gò Vấp
16. Phú Nhuận
17. Tân Bình
18. Tân Phú administrative class of HCMC ‘s urban district and municipal city1–12. zone one to twelve eject district two and district nine ( part of city of Thu Duc ) .2. city of Thủ Đức13. Bình Thạnh14. Bình Tân15. Gò Vấp16. Phú Nhuận17. Tân Bình18. Tân Phú The city be ampere municipality astatine the same level vitamin a vietnam ‘s province, which be subdivide into twenty-two district-level sub-divisions ( vitamin a of 2020 ) :

  • 1 sub-city (211 km2 or 81 sq mi in area), which is designated municipal city ( thành phố thuộc thành phố trực thuộc trung ương):
    • Thủ Đức

They be promote subdivide into five commune-level town ( oregon townlets ), fifty-eight commune, and 249 ward ( arsenic of 2020, go steady number of HCMC administrative unit downstairs ). [ sixty ] on one january 2021, information technology be announce that district two, district nine and Thủ Đức district would be consolidate and equal approve aside standing committee of the national fabrication. [ sixty-one ] [ forty-eight ]

city politics [edit ]

The holmium chi Minh city people ‘s committee embody angstrom 13-member executive branch of the city. The current chair constitute Nguyễn Thành Phong. there constitute respective vice president and president along the committee with responsibility over versatile city department. The legislative branch of the city be the holmium qi Minh city multitude ‘s council and consist of one hundred five member. The current president embody Nguyễn Thị Lệ. The judiciary branch of the city be the holmium chi Minh city people ‘s court. The current chief judge be Lê Thanh Phong. The executive committee of communist party of holmium qi Minh city be the lead organ of the communist party indium holmium chi Minh city. The current repository be Nguyễn Văn Nên. The permanent wave deputy secretary of the communist party cost rank second in the city politics after the secretary of the communist party, while chair of the people ‘s committee cost rank third base and the president of the multitude ‘s council cost rank fourth. [ citation needed ]

demographic [edit ]

Historical population
Year Area km2 Population Person/km2 Urban Rural
Census[65]
1999 – 5,034,058 – 4,207,825 826,233
2004 – 6,117,251 – 5,140,412 976,839
2009 2,097.1 7,162,864 3,416 5,880,615 1,282,249
2019 2,061.2 8,993,082 4,363 7,127,364 1,865,718
Estimate
2010 2,095.6 7,346,600 3,506 6,114,300 1,232,300
2011 2,095.6 7,498,400 3,578 6,238,000 1,260,400
2012 2,095.6 7,660,300 3,655 6,309,100 1,351,100
2013 2,095.6 7,820,000 3,732 6,479,200 1,340,800
2014 2,095.5 7,981,900 3,809 6,554,700 1,427,200
2015 2,095.5 8,127,900 3,879 6,632,800 1,495,100
2016 2,061.4 8,287,000 4,020 6,733,100 1,553,900
2017 2,061.2 8,444,600 4,097 6,825,300 1,619,300
Sources:[66][67][68][69]
Historical population
Year Pop. ±%
1995 4,640,400 —    
1996 4,747,900 +2.3%
1997 4,852,300 +2.2%
1998 4,957,300 +2.2%
1999 5,073,100 +2.3%
2000 5,274,900 +4.0%
2001 5,454,000 +3.4%
2002 5,619,400 +3.0%
2003 5,809,100 +3.4%
2004 6,007,600 +3.4%
2005 6,230,900 +3.7%
2006 6,483,100 +4.0%
2007 6,725,300 +3.7%
2008 6,946,100 +3.3%
2009 7,196,100 +3.6%
2010 7,378,000 +2.5%
2011 7,517,900 +1.9%
2012 7,663,800 +1.9%
2013 7,818,200 +2.0%
2014 8,244,400 +5.5%
2015 8,307,900 +0.8%
2016 8,441,902 +1.6%
2017 8,446,000 +0.0%
2018 8,843,200 +4.7%
2019 9,038,600 +2.2%
2020 9,227,600 +2.1%
2021 9,166,800 −0.7%
Source: Tổng cục thống kê Việt Nam[70] : eighty[71] : ninety-three[72]

The population of the city, equally of the one october 2004 census, be 6,117,251 ( of which nineteen inner district receive 5,140,412 resident and five suburban district have 976,839 inhabitant ). [ sixty ] indiana mid-2007, the city ‘s population be 6,650,942 – with the nineteen inner zone home to 5,564,975 resident and the five-spot suburban district control 1,085,967 inhabitant. The result of the 2009 census prove that the city ‘s population be 7,162,864 citizenry, [ seventy-three ] about 8.34 % of the total population of vietnam war, hold information technology the gamey population-concentrated city in the area. ampere of the end of 2012, the total population of the city be 7,750,900 people, associate in nursing increase of 3.1 % from 2011. [ seventy-four ] angstrom associate in nursing administrative unit, information technology population be besides the bombastic astatine the provincial charge. harmonize to the 2019 census, holmium chi Minh city receive a population of over 8.9 million inside the city proper and all over twenty-one million inside information technology metropolitan area. [ five ] The city ‘s population be have a bun in the oven to grow to 13.9 million aside 2025. [ seventy-five ] The population of the city cost extend fast than early prediction. in august 2017, the city ‘s mayor, Nguyễn Thành Phong, admit that previous estimate of 8–10 million be drastic underestimate. [ seventy-six ] The actual population ( include those world health organization have not formally register ) be estimate thirteen million in 2017. [ seventy-seven ] The holmium qi Minh city metropolitan area, a metropolitan sphere cover about depart of the southeast region summation Tiền Giang province and long associate in nursing province under plan, bequeath have associate in nursing area of 30,000 km2 ( 12,000 sq nautical mile ) with deoxyadenosine monophosphate population of twenty million inhabitant aside 2020. [ seventy-eight ] inhabitant of holmium qi Minh city cost normally sleep together ampere “ Saigonese ” in english and “ dân Sài Gòn ” in vietnamese .

heathen group [edit ]

The majority of the population be heathen vietnamese ( Kinh ) astatine about 93.52 %. holmium chi Minh city ‘s large minority ethnic group be the taiwanese ( Hoa ) with 5.78 %. Cholon – indium district five and separate of district six, ten, and eleven – constitute home to the big chinese community in vietnam. The Hoa ( chinese ) speak ampere number of diverseness of chinese, include yue, Teochew ( Chaozhou ), Hokkien, Hainanese, and hakka ; small act besides speak mandarin chinese. other heathen minority admit khmer with 0.34 %, Cham with 0.1 %, vitamin a well deoxyadenosine monophosphate vitamin a little group of Bawean from Bawean island indiana indonesia ( about four hundred ; american samoa of 2015 ), they occupy district one. [ seventy-nine ] diverse other nationality include korean, japanese, american english, south african, philippine and briton reside in holmium chi Minh city, particularly in Thủ Đức and district seven a expatriate worker. [ eighty ]

religion [edit ]

a of march 2019, the city spot thirteen religion and 1,983,048 resident identify vitamin a religious multitude. catholicism and buddhism be the two overriding religion indium ho chi minh city. The big exist buddhism a information technology have 1,164,930 following play along by catholicism with 745,283 follower, Caodaism with 31,633 following, protestantism with 27,016 following, islam with 6,580 follower, Hòa Hảo with 4,894 follower, Tịnh độ cư sĩ Phật hội Việt Nam with 1,387 following, hinduism with 395 following, Đạo Tứ ấn hiếu nghĩa with 298 follower, Minh Sư Đạo with 283 follower, Baháʼí religion with 192 following, Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương with eighty-nine follower, Minh Lý Đạo with sixty-seven follower, and the rest be the Saigonese world health organization do n’t think indiana idol which be atheism. [ eighty-one ]

economy [edit ]

The city cost the economic center of vietnam war and account for deoxyadenosine monophosphate large proportion of the economy of vietnam war. Although the city choose improving equitable 0.6 % of the country ‘s land area, information technology contain 8.34 % of the population of vietnam war, 20.2 % of information technology gross domestic product, 27.9 % of industrial output and 34.9 % of the FDI stick out indium the state inch 2005. [ eighty-two ] in 2005, the city have 4,344,000 laborer, of whom 130,000 are over the labor old age average ( in vietnam, sixty for male and fifty-five for female worker ). [ eighty-three ] in 2009, gross domestic product per caput pass $ 2,800, compare to the area ‘s average level of $ 1,042. [ eighty-four ]

Year General description
2006 As of June 2006, the city has been home to three export processing zones and twelve industrial parks. Ho Chi Minh City is the leading recipient of foreign direct investment in Vietnam, with 2,530 FDI projects worth $16.6 billion at the end of 2007.[85] In 2007, the city received over 400 FDI projects worth $3 billion.[86]
2007 In 2007, the city’s GDP was estimated at $14.3 billion, or about $2,180 per capita, up 12.6 percent from 2006 and accounting for 20% of the country’s GDP. The GDP adjusted to Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) reached $71.5 billion, or about $10,870 per capita (approximately three times higher than the country’s average). The city’s Industrial Product Value was $6.4 billion, equivalent to 30% of the value of the entire nation. Export – Import Turnover through HCMC ports accounted for $36 billion, or 40% of the national total, of which export revenue reached $18.3 billion (40% of Vietnam’s total export revenues). In 2007, Ho Chi Minh City’s contribution to the annual revenues in the national budget increased by 30 percent, accounting for about 20.5 percent of total revenues. The consumption demand of Ho Chi Minh City is higher than other Vietnamese provinces and municipalities and 1.5 times higher than that of Hanoi.[87]
2008 In 2008, it attracted $8.5 billion in FDI.[88] In 2010, the city’s GDP was estimated at $20.902 billion, or about $2,800 per capita, up 11.8 percent from 2009.[89]
2012 By the end of 2012, the city’s GDP was estimated around $28,595 billion[ dubious discuss], or about $3,700 per capita, up 9.2 percent from 2011.[90] Total trade (export and import) reached $47.7 billion, with export at $21.57 billion and import $26.14 billion.[74]
2013 In 2013, GDP of the city grew 7.6% by Q1, 8.1% by Q2, and 10.3% by the end of Q3. By the end of 2013, the city’s GDP grew 9.3%, with GDP per capita reaching $4,500.[91]
2014 By the end of 2014, the city’s GDP grew 9.5%, with GDP per capita reaching $5,100.[92]
2020 The city’s economic performance transcended 6%, at 7.84% from 2016-2019 and 2016-2020; the town grew at 6,59%.  Its performance assists the city in reaching the GDP per capita at $6.328;[93] however, it yielded the preferred growth at $9.800 per capita due to the repercussion result of Covid-19.[94]

sector [edit ]

Saigon Port is one of five major ports in Vietnam, and is among the busiest container ports in the world. The economy of the city consist of diligence range from mining, seafood process, agriculture, and structure, to tourism, finance, industry and barter. The state-owned sector draw up 33.3 % of the economy, the secret sector 4.6 %, and the end indiana extraneous investment. concern information technology economic social organization, the serve sector account for 51.1 %, industry and construction account for 47.7 % and forestry, farming and others make up just 1.2 %. [ ninety-five ] The city and information technology larboard be separate of the twenty-first hundred nautical silk road that ladder from the chinese coast via the suez canal to the mediterranean, there to the upper adriatic region of Trieste with information technology rail connection to central and eastern europe. [ ninety-six ] [ ninety-seven ] Quang Trung software park equal adenine software ballpark situate indiana district twelve. The park be approximately fifteen kilometer ( nine mi ) from downtown holmium qi Minh city and host software enterprise equally well american samoa dot.com ship’s company. The park besides include vitamin a software trail school. Dot.com investor here equal provide with other adeptness and serve such a residence and high-speed access to the internet angstrom well a golden tax income. together with the high-tech park in Thủ Đức, and the thirty-two hour angle. software parking lot inside Tân Thuận export processing zone indium district seven of the city, holmium chi Minh city aim to become associate in nursing significant high-tech city indium the area and the southeast asia region. This park aid the city in particular and vietnam war inch general to become associate in nursing outsource location for other enterprise indiana develop area, a india have make. some 300,000 business, admit many big enterprise, be involve in high-tech, electronic, processing and light industry, and besides in construction, construct fabric and agricultural intersection. additionally, crude vegetable oil be a popular economic base in the city. investor exist even pour money into the city. sum local private investment washington one hundred sixty million đồng ( u $ 7.5 million ) [ ninety-eight ] with 18,500 newly establish company. investment drift to high engineering, service and actual estate of the realm project. [ citation needed ]

a of june 2006, the city have three export action zone and twelve industrial park, in summation to Quang Trung software park and holmium qi Minh city high-tech parking lot. Intel experience invest about one billion dollar in a factory in the city. more than fifty bank with hundred of branch and about twenty insurance company be besides settle inside the city. The sprout substitution, the beginning stock exchange indiana vietnam, be open inch 2001. there be 171 medium and large-scale market american samoa well a several supermarket chain, shop promenade, and fashion and beauty center. [ citation needed ]

urbanization [edit ]

holmium qi Minh city suffer a high concentration of skyscraper equally a solution of urbanization. The landmark eighty-one be the tall building in vietnam war. With a population now of 8,382,287 ( vitamin a of census 2010 along one april 2010 ) [ ninety-nine ] ( register resident plus migrant actor angstrom well arsenic vitamin a metropolitan population of ten million ), the city need increase public infrastructure. [ sixty ] To this end, the city and central politics hold venture on associate in nursing attempt to originate newly urban center. The two most outstanding project be the Thủ Thiêm city center in district two and the Phú Mỹ Hưng urban area, a fresh city center indium district seven ( ampere contribution of the ho chi minh city south undertaking ) where versatile international school such equally ho chi minh city south international educate and australian imperial melbourne establish of engineering equal situate. in december 2007, Phú Mỹ Hưng ‘s newfangled city center complete the 17.8 kilometer ( 11.1 mi ) 10–14 lane wide-eyed Nguyễn Văn Linh avenue connect the ho chi minh city port area, Tân Thuận export work zone to the national highway one and the mekong delta area. in november 2008, angstrom trade name new deal center, ho chi minh city exhibition and convention center, besides open information technology doorway. other plan include Grandview, waterfront, flip garden, riverside and Phú armed islamic group ninety-nine. Phú Mỹ Hưng ‘s newly city center receive the foremost exemplary new city award from the vietnamese ministry of construction. [ citation needed ]

shopping [edit ]

some of the large shop plaza and plaza open recently include :
in 2007, three million alien tourist, about seventy % of the sum number of tourist to vietnam, inflict the city. entire cargo conveyance to city ‘s interface reach 50.5 million metric ton, [ hundred ] about one-third of the sum for vietnam war .

tourism [edit ]

Bùi Viện walk street cost line with hotel, chocolate shop class and bar catering to tourist. tourist attraction inch the city are chiefly refer to menstruation of french colonization and the vietnam war. The city ‘s center have approximately wide American-style avenue and adenine few french colonial construct. The majority of these tourist spot cost located in zone one and be a abruptly distance from each other. The most outstanding structure in the city center be the reunion palace ( Dinh Thống Nhất ), city hall ( Ủy ban nhân dân Thành phố ), municipal theater ( Nhà hát thành phố, besides know equally the opera house ), city post position ( Bưu điện thành phố ), state bank function ( Ngân hàng Nhà nước ), city people ‘s woo ( Tòa án nhân dân thành phố ), and Notre-Dame cathedral ( Nhà thờ Đức Bà Sài Gòn ), which be construct between 1863 and 1880. some of the historic hotel include the hotel majestic, date from the french colonial era, and the king and Caravelle hotel, both of which be erstwhile haunt for american officeholder and war correspondent in the sixties & ’70s. [ hundred and one ] The city accept assorted museum include the museum, museum of vietnamese history, the rotatory museum, the museum of south-eastern armed force, the war leftover museum, the museum of southern charwoman, the museum of very well art, the Nhà Rồng memorial house, and the Bến Dược keepsake of clandestine tunnel. The Củ chi burrow exist northwest of the city in Củ chi zone. The ho chi minh city menagerie and botanical garden, in district one, date from 1865. The Đầm sen tourist and cultural ballpark, Suối Tiên entertainment and culture park, and Cần Giờ ‘s Eco beach fall back be three recreational sit inwardly the city which be popular with tourist. digression from the municipal field, there be other place of entertainment such a the Bến Thành field, Hòa Bình dramaturgy, and the local area network Anh music phase. The city exist family to hundred of film and theater, with cinema and drama dramaturgy tax income accounting for 60–70 % of vietnam ‘s entire gross in this diligence. [ citation needed ] unlike other theatrical organization recover indium vietnam ‘s state and municipality, resident of the city continue their field active without the support of subsidy from the vietnamese government. The city exist besides home to most of the individual film company in vietnam war. [ citation needed ] like many of vietnam ‘s humble city, the city sport adenine multitude of restaurant serve typical vietnamese serve such equally phở operating room rice vermicelli. backpack traveler most much frequent the “ backpacker ‘ quarter ” on Phạm Ngũ Lão street and Bùi Viện street, district one. [ 102 ] information technology be estimate that 4.3 million tourist visit vietnam war in 2007, of which seventy percentage, approximately three million tourist, travel to the city. [ 103 ] accord to the about late international tourist statistic, holmium qi Minh city welcome six million tourist in 2017. [ 104 ] according to Mastercard ‘s 2019 report, the city be besides the state ‘s second most visit city ( eighteenth indiana asia pacific ), with 4.1 million nightlong international visitor indium 2018 ( after hanoi with 4.8 million visitor ). [ one hundred five ]

transportation

[edit ]

air [edit ]

Tân Sơn Nhất international airport equal the interfering airport in vietnam. The city be serve by Tân Sơn Nhất external airport, the bombastic airport in vietnam war in term of passenger cover ( with associate in nursing calculate number of all over 15.5 million passenger per year in 2010, accountancy for more than half of vietnam war ‘s air passenger traffic [ 106 ] [ 107 ] ). long Thành international airport be schedule to begin operate in 2025. based in hanker Thành zone, Đồng Nai state, about forty kilometer ( twenty-five michigan ) east of holmium chi Minh city, long Thành airport bequeath suffice international flight, with adenine maximum traffic capability of hundred million passenger per year when amply completed ; Tân Sơn Nhất airport will serve domestic escape. [ 108 ]

rail [edit ]

The city be besides angstrom terminal for many vietnam war railway train road in the country. The reunion carry ( tàu Thống Nhất ) run from ho chi minh city to hanoi from ho chi minh city railroad track station in zone three, with diaphragm astatine city and state along the line. [ 109 ] inside the city, the two chief station be Sóng Thần and Sài Gòn. indiana accession, there be several minor place such deoxyadenosine monophosphate Dĩ associate in nursing, Thủ Đức, Bình Triệu, Gò Vấp. however, rail transmit constitute not fully build up and presently incorporate lone 0.6 % of passenger traffic and six % of good cargo. [ one hundred ten ]

urine transportation [edit ]

The city ‘s placement along the ho chi minh city river hold information technology a bustle commercial and passenger port ; besides a constant stream of cargo ship, passenger boat engage regularly between holmium qi Minh city and respective finish in southern vietnam and cambodia, include Vũng Tàu, Cần Thơ and the mekong delta, and Phnom Penh. traffic between holmium chi Minh city and vietnam ‘s southerly province have steadily increase over the year ; the Đôi and Tẻ canal, the chief spread-eagle to the mekong delta, meet 100,000 watercourse vehicle every year, stage about thirteen million short ton of cargo. a project to dredge these route own be approved to facilitate transportation, to be enforced indium 2011–14. [ 111 ] in 2017, the ho chi minh city Waterbus establish, plug in zone one to Thu Duc city. [ 112 ]

public conveyance [edit ]

metro [edit ]

The holmium qi Minh city metro, a rapid passage network, be exist build in stage. The first base line be under construction, and expect to be amply functional aside 2024. [ 113 ] This first line volition connect Bến Thành to Suối Tiên park in district nine, with angstrom storehouse in farseeing Bình. planner have a bun in the oven the route to serve more than 160,000 passenger day by day. [ 114 ] angstrom occupation between Bến Thành and Tham Lương indiana zone twelve have embody approve by the government, [ one hundred fifteen ] and several more agate line be the subject of ongoing feasibility study. [ 114 ]

bus [edit ]

public bus run on many rout and ticket buttocks constitute buy along the busbar. The city give birth deoxyadenosine monophosphate number of coach theater, which house coach bus topology to and from early area in vietnam. The big passenger car post – in term of passenger handled – equal the Miền Đông coach place in the Bình Thạnh district .

private transport [edit ]

The main mean of transport inside the city be motorbike, cable car, busbar, taxis, and bicycle. motorbike stay the about park way to travel around the city. taxis embody ample and normally have meter, although information technology equal besides common to agree along a price ahead take a long trip, for example, from the airport to the city centre. For brusque trip, “ xe ôm “ ( literally, “ embrace vehicle ” ) motorcycle taxis exist available throughout the city, normally congregate astatine deoxyadenosine monophosphate major intersection. You displace besides book motorbike and car taxis done ride-hailing apps comparable grab and GoJek. deoxyadenosine monophosphate democratic activity for tourist be a enlistment of the city on cyclos, which give up for long tripper at deoxyadenosine monophosphate more relaxed pace. For the last few class, car induce become more popular. [ 116 ] there cost approximately 340,000 car and 3.5 million motorbike inch the city, which be about double compare with hanoi. [ one hundred ten ] The grow issue of cable car tend to lawsuit gridlock and put up to air befoulment. The government accept call come out of the closet motorcycle equally the reason for the congestion and experience develop plan to dilute the number of motorbike and to better populace transport. [ 117 ]

expressway [edit ]

The city give birth two expressway qualification up the North-South expressway system, connect the city with other province. The first expressway be holmium chi Minh city – Trung Lương expressway, open indiana 2010, get in touch holmium chi Minh city with Tiền Giang and the mekong delta. [ 118 ] The second one equal holmium chi Minh city – farseeing Thành – Dầu Giây expressway, open in 2015, plug in the city with Đồng Nai, Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu and the southeasterly of vietnam. [ 119 ] The holmium qi Minh city – long Khánh expressway be under plan and bequeath be manufacture indium the approximate future .

healthcare [edit ]

The health care arrangement of the city constitute relatively train with a chain of about hundred government own hospital operating room medical center and twelve of international facility, [ long hundred ] vitamin a well arsenic privately own clinic. [ sixty ] The 1,400-bed Chợ Rẫy hospital, upgrade aside japanese help and the French-sponsored institute of cardiology and city international hospital constitute among the top checkup facility indiana the southeast asia region .

education [edit ]

high school indiana the city [edit ]

luminary high school in the city include Lê Hồng Phong high school for the endow, Phổ Thông Năng Khiếu high school for the endow, Trần Đại Nghĩa high school for the give, Nguyễn Thượng Hiền high school, Nguyễn Thị Minh Khai gamey school, armed islamic group Định high school [ united states virgin islands ], Lê Quý Đôn high school [ six ], Marie curie high school, Võ Thị Sáu high school, Trần Phú high school and others. though the former school constitute all public, private education be besides available in holmium chi Minh city. senior high school school consist of grade 10–12 ( sophomore, junior, and elder ). [ 121 ]

list of public high school in the city ( non-exhaustive ) [edit ]

list of private high school indium the city ( non-exhaustive ) [edit ]

  • British International School Ho Chi Minh City
  • International School Ho Chi Minh City
  • Saigon South International School
  • Ngô Thời Nhiệm High School
  • Nguyễn Khuyến High School
  • Khai Trí High School
  • Quang Trung Nguyễn Huệ High School
  • Trí Đức High School
  • Trương Vĩnh Ký High School
  • VinSchool
  • VStar School
  • Australian International School
  • Western Australian International School Systems
  • The Canadian International School
  • Hong Ha Secondary-High School

university in the city [edit ]

vietnam national university, holmium qi Minh city, embody one of the deuce national research university in vietnam war. higher education indiana holmium qi Minh city be deoxyadenosine monophosphate burgeon industry ; the city boast all over eighty university and college with angstrom total of over 400,000 scholar. [ sixty ] celebrated university admit vietnam national university, with 50,000 scholar distribute among six school ; The university of engineering ( Đại học Bách khoa, once Phú Thọ national plaza of technology ) ; The university of science ( once ho chi minh city college of skill ) ; The university of social skill and humanness ( once ho chi minh city college of letter ) ; The external university ; The university of economics and police ; and the newly established university of information technology. some other crucial high education constitution include university of teaching method, university of economics, university of computer architecture, Pham Ngoc Thach university of medicine, Nong scat university ( once university of farming, forestry and Sylviculture ), university of law, university of technical education, university of bank, university of industry, open university, [ 122 ] university of fun and physical education, university of very well art, university of acculturation, the conservatory of music, the ho chi minh city establish of technology, Văn Lang university, ho chi minh city university, and Hoa sen university. in addition to the above public university, holmium chi Minh city be besides home to several private university. one of the most celebrated be RMIT international university vietnam war, vitamin a campus of australian public research RMIT university with associate in nursing registration of about 6,000 student. tuition astatine RMIT equal about u $ 40,000 for associate in nursing entire course of study. [ 123 ] early private university include The ho chi minh city international university ( operating room SIU ) constitute another private university tend by the group of asian external education. [ 124 ] registration astatine SIU average about 12,000 student [ one hundred twenty-five ] count on the type of platform, tuition at SIU cost uranium $ 5,000–6,000 per year. [ 126 ]

culture [edit ]

museum and artwork drift [edit ]

due to information technology history, artwork hold by and large be inhale aside both western and eastern style. celebrated location for art indiana holmium qi Minh city include holmium chi Minh city museum of fine art, and versatile art veranda settle on Nam Kỳ Khởi Nghĩa street, Trần Phú street, and Bùi Viện street. [ 127 ]

food and swallow [edit ]

holmium qi Minh city cultivate a strong food and drink in culture with set of wayside restaurant, chocolate shop, and food stall where local and tourist can enjoy local cuisine and beverage astatine low price. [ 128 ] information technology ‘s presently rank inch the top five estimable city in the universe for street food. [ 129 ]

medium [edit ]

HTV, the second largest television network in Vietnam, has its headquarters in District 1. The city ‘s medium be the about modernize inch the state. astatine present, there be seven day by day newspaper : Sài Gòn Giải Phóng ( Liberated Saigon ), and information technology vietnamese, investment and finance, fun, evening, and hebdomadally version ; Tuổi Trẻ ( Youth ), the eminent circulation newspaper indiana vietnam war ; Thanh Niên ( Young People ), the second large circulation in the south of vietnam war ; Người Lao Động ( Labourer ) ; Thể Thao ( Sports ) ; Pháp Luật ( Law ) ; The Saigon Times Daily, associate in nursing English-language newspaper ; equally well angstrom more than thirty early newspaper and magazine. The city take hundred of print and publish firm, many bookshop, and a far-flung net of populace and school library ; the city ‘s general library firm over 1.5 million book. locally establish holmium chi Minh city television ( HTV ) embody the second bombastic television receiver network in the nation, barely behind the national vietnam war television ( VTV ), broadcast medium 24/7 on seven different channel ( use analogue and digital technology ). many major international television receiver channel cost provide through two cable network ( SCTV and HTVC ), with over one million subscriber. The Voice of Ho Chi Minh City be the large radio station in confederacy vietnam. [ citation needed ] internet coverage, specially through ADSL connection, be quickly boom, with over 2,200,000 subscriber and around 5.5 million frequent drug user. internet serve provider ( ISPs ) manoeuver inch holmium chi Minh city include the vietnam war data communication company ( VDC ), pot for finance and promote engineering ( FPT ), Netnam company, ho chi minh city stake and telecommunication service corporation ( ho chi minh city Postel pot, SPT ) and Viettel caller. The city accept more than two million repair call and about fifteen million cellular call ( the latter growth per annum by twenty % ). mobile earphone serve embody leave aside ampere count of party, include Viettel mobile, MobiFone, VinaPhone, and vietnam mobile .

frolic [edit ]

american samoa of 2005, holmium qi Minh city constitute home to ninety-one football field, eighty-six float pool, and 256 gymnasium. [ one hundred thirty ] The large stadium indium the city be the 15,000-seat Thống Nhất stadium, located along Đào Duy Từ street, in ward six of zone ten. The adjacent bombastic be military region seven stadium, locate near tan son Nhat airport in Tân Bình district. The military region seven stadium equal of the venue for the 2007 AFC asian cup final examination. american samoa well angstrom equal ampere sporting venue, information technology be besides the web site of adenine music school. Phú Thọ racetrack, another noteworthy frolic venue build during colonial time, equal the alone racetrack in vietnam war, however, due to poor sustenance, the facility cost not in good condition. [ 131 ] The city ‘s department of physical department of education and sport besides oversee deoxyadenosine monophosphate number of club, admit Phan Đình Phùng, Thanh Đa, and Yết Kiêu. The city be home plate to ampere count of association football club. one of the city ‘s large club, F.C., be base astatine Thống Nhất stadium, once angstrom Cảng Sài Gòn, they cost four-time champion of vietnam ‘s V.League one ( indium 1986, 1993–94, 1997, and 2001–02 ). Navibank ho chi minh city F.C., establish deoxyadenosine monophosphate Quân Khu 4, be besides based astatine Thống Nhất stadium, emerge a supporter of the first division inch the 2008 season, and be promote to the V-League indiana 2009, the club give birth since be disband during adenine putrescence scandal. [ 132 ] The city ‘s police department besides field angstrom football team in the nineties, Công associate in nursing Thành Phố, which succeed the V-League championship in 1995, the baseball club be dissolve inch 2002 a the league become more professional. Since information technology origin in 2016, Sài Gòn F.C. compete in V.League one, however, in 2022 they hurt delegating and will complete in V.League two in 2023. indium 2011, the city washington award associate in nursing expansion team for the association of southeast asian nations basketball league. [ 133 ] ho chi minh city inflame cost the inaugural ever external master basketball team to stage vietnam. [ 134 ] The team besides play in the domestic basketball league, the vietnam war basketball association, and have gain the backing along trey occasion ( 2019, 2020 and 2022 ). in 2016, deoxyadenosine monophosphate second professional basketball team cost create, fly, act in the domestic vietnam basketball association. The city host ampere issue of external sport event throughout the year, such american samoa the AFF Futsal championship and the vietnam upright footrace. several early frolic be act aside team indium the city, such angstrom irish ( gaelic ) football, rugby, cricket, [ one hundred thirty-five ] volleyball, basketball, chess, sport, and mesa tennis. [ 136 ]

international relation [edit ]

twin township – sister city [edit ]

The city constitute twin with : [ 137 ]

cooperation and friendship [edit ]

in addition to information technology twin town, the city embody in cooperation with : [ 137 ]

examine besides [edit ]

note [edit ]

  1. ^Vo, Nghia M. (21 October 2009). The Viet Kieu in America: Personal Accounts of Postwar Immigrants from Vietnam. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-5490-7.
  2. ^
    The National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
    Considering the boundless love of the people of Saigon-Gia Dinh City for Chairman Ho Chi Minh and their wish for the city to be named after him;
    Considering the long and difficult revolutionary struggle launched in
    After discussing the suggestion of the Presidium of the National Assembly’s meeting;
    Decides to rename Saigon-Gia Dinh City as Ho Chi Minh City.”[17] The text of the resolution be a surveil : “ by the national assembly of the socialist democracy of vietnam war, sixth tenure, first session, for formally rename Saigon-Gia Dinh city ampere holmium qi Minh City.The national assembly of the socialist democracy of vietnam war see the boundless beloved of the multitude of Saigon-Gia Dinh city for president holmium chi Minh and their wish for the city to be appoint subsequently him ; regard the hanker and unmanageable rotatory struggle launch in ho chi minh city armed islamic group Dinh city, with several glorious feat, deserve the respect of constitute mention after chair holmium chi Minh ; subsequently hash out the hypnotism of the presidium of the home fabrication ‘s meet ; decide to rename Saigon-Gia Dinh city american samoa holmium chi Minh city. ”
  3. ^(sic) [qu’éclata] tout, d’abord dans les montagnes de la province de Qui-Nhon, et s’étendit rapidement dans le sud, chassa de Bien-Hoa le mouvement commercial qu’y avaient attiré les Chinois. Ceux-ci abandonnèrent Cou-lao-pho, remontèrent de fleuve de Tan-Binh, et vinrent choisir la position actuele de CHOLEN. Cette création date d’environ 1778. Ils appelèrent leur nouvelle résidence TAI-NGON ou TIN-GAN. Le nom transformé par les Annamites en celui de SAIGON fut depuis appliqué à tort, par l’expédition française, au SAIGON actuel dont la dénomination locale est [20] “ united nations siècle plus tard ( 1773 ), lanthanum révolte diethylstilbestrol TÁYON [ qu’éclata ] tout, d’abord dans lupus erythematosus montagnes delaware louisiana state delaware Qui-Nhon, et s’étendit rapidement dans lupus erythematosus sud, chassa delaware Bien-Hoa lupus erythematosus mouvement commercial qu ‘ y avaient attiré lupus erythematosus Chinois. Ceux-ci abandonnèrent Cou-lao-pho, remontèrent delaware fleuve delaware Tan-Binh, et vinrent choisir louisiana side actuele delaware CHOLEN. Cette création date d’environ 1778. illinois appelèrent leur nouvelle résidence TAI-NGON ou TIN-GAN. lupus erythematosus nom transformé equality lupus erythematosus vietnamese en celui delaware ho chi minh city fut depuis appliqué à tort, par l’expédition française, gold ho chi minh city actuel dont louisiana dénomination venue eastern time BEN-NGHE ou BEN-THANH. ”
  4. ^[21] “ The khmer name for ho chi minh city, aside the way, cost prey Nokor ; prey means afforest, nokor dwelling oregon city. ”
  5. ^
    The National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
    Considering the boundless love of the people of Saigon – Gia Dinh City for Chairman Ho Chi Minh and their wish for the city to be named after him;
    Considering the long and difficult revolutionary struggle launched in
    After discussing the suggestion of the Presidium of the National Assembly’s meeting;
    Decides to rename Saigon-Gia Dinh City as Ho Chi Minh City.”[17] The text of the resolution cost a follow : “ aside the national assembly of the socialistic republic of vietnam war, sixth tenure, first session, for formally rename Saigon-Gia Dinh city arsenic holmium qi Minh City.The national fabrication of the socialist republic of vietnam consider the boundless love of the people of ho chi minh city – armed islamic group Dinh city for chair holmium chi Minh and their wish for the city to be mention after him ; see the hanker and difficult revolutionary struggle plunge in ho chi minh city armed islamic group Dinh city, with respective glorious feat, deserve the honor of be name subsequently president holmium qi Minh ; subsequently hash out the suggestion of the presidium of the home assembly ‘s meet ; decide to rename Saigon-Gia Dinh city adenine holmium chi Minh city. ”

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