Robotics – Wikipedia

Date Significance Robot name Inventor Third century B.C. and earlier One of the earliest descriptions of automata appears in the Lie Zi text, on a much earlier encounter between King Mu of Zhou (1023–957 BC) and a mechanical engineer known as Yan Shi, an ‘artificer’. The latter allegedly presented the king with a life-size, human-shaped figure of his mechanical handiwork.[8] Yan Shi (Chinese:

偃师

) First century A.D. and earlier Descriptions of more than 100 machines and automata, including a fire engine, a wind organ, a coin-operated machine, and a steam-powered engine, in Pneumatica and Automata by Heron of Alexandria Ctesibius, Philo of Byzantium, Heron of Alexandria, and others c. 420 B.C A wooden, steam propelled bird, which was able to fly Flying pigeon Archytas of Tarentum 1206 Created early humanoid automata, programmable automaton band[9] Robot band, hand-washing automaton,[10] automated moving peacocks[11] Al-Jazari 1495 Designs for a humanoid robot Mechanical Knight Leonardo da Vinci 1560’s (Unspecifed) Mechanical Monk that had machinal feet built under its robes that imitated walking. The Robot’s eyes, lips and head all move in lifelike gestures. Mechanical Monk[12] Juanelo Turriano 1738 Mechanical duck that was able to eat, flap its wings, and excrete Digesting Duck Jacques de Vaucanson 1898 Nikola Tesla demonstrates first radio-controlled vessel. Teleautomaton Nikola Tesla 1903 Leonardo Torres y Quevedo presented the Telekino at the Paris Academy of Science, which consisted of a robot that executed commands transmitted by electromagnetic waves.[13][14] Telekino Leonardo Torres y Quevedo 1914 In his paper Essays on Automatics published in 1914, Leonardo Torres y Quevedo proposed a machine that makes “judgments” using sensors that capture information from the outside, parts that manipulate the outside world like arms, power sources such as batteries and air pressure, and the most important, captured information and past information. It is defined as a part that can control the reaction like a living thing according to external information and adapt to changes in the environment to change its behavior.[17][18][19] Essays on Automatics Leonardo Torres y Quevedo 1921 First fictional automatons called “robots” appear in the play R.U.R. Rossum’s Universal Robots Karel Čapek 1930s Humanoid robot exhibited at the 1939 and 1940 World’s Fairs Elektro Westinghouse Electric Corporation 1946 First general-purpose digital computer Whirlwind Multiple people 1948 Simple robots exhibiting biological behaviors[20] Elsie and Elmer William Grey Walter 1961 First installed industrial robot. Unimate George Devol 1967 to 1972 First full-scale humanoid intelligent robot,[22][23] and first android. Its limb control system allowed it to walk with the lower limbs, and to grip and transport objects with hands, using tactile sensors. Its vision system allowed it to measure distances and directions to objects using external receptors, artificial eyes and ears. And its conversation system allowed it to communicate with a person in Japanese, with an artificial mouth.[24][25][26] WABOT-1 Waseda University 1974 The world’s first microcomputer controlled electric industrial robot, IRB 6 from ASEA, was delivered to a small mechanical engineering company in southern Sweden. The design of this robot had been patented already 1972. IRB 6 ABB Robot Group 1975 Programmable universal manipulation arm, a Unimation product PUMA Victor Scheinman 1983 First multitasking, parallel programming language used for a robot control. It was the Event Driven Language (EDL) on the IBM/Series/1 process computer, with implementation of both inter-process communication (WAIT/POST) and mutual exclusion (ENQ/DEQ) mechanisms for robot control.[29] ADRIEL I Stevo Bozinovski and Mihail Sestakov