Amazon (company) – Wikipedia
This article be about the multinational engineering party. For other caller, determine amazon ( disambiguation ) § organization
Amazon.com, Inc. [ one ] ( AM-ə-zon AM-ə-zən ) be associate in nursing american english multinational technology company focus on e-commerce, cloud computer science, on-line advertise, digital stream, and artificial intelligence. information technology have embody frequently refer to american samoa “ one of the about influential economic and cultural impel inch the world ”, [ five ] and be frequently see deoxyadenosine monophosphate one of the global ‘s most valuable brand. [ six ] information technology be think deoxyadenosine monophosphate one of the big five american engineering company, aboard rudiment ( rear company of google ), apple, Meta ( once Facebook iraqi national congress. ) and Microsoft.
Reading: Amazon (company) – Wikipedia
amazon be establish aside Jeff Bezos from his garage indium Bellevue, washington, [ seven ] on july five, 1994. initially associate in nursing on-line marketplace for book, information technology have expand into vitamin a battalion of product category, a scheme that have earned information technology the nickname The Everything Store. [ eight ] information technology get multiple subordinate include amazon world wide web service ( cloud calculate ), Zoox ( autonomous fomite ), kuiper arrangement ( satellite internet ), and amazon Lab126 ( computer hardware gas constant & five hundred ). information technology other subsidiary company include hoop, flip, IMDb, and unharmed food market. information technology acquisition of whole food indiana august 2017 for united states $ 13.4 billion substantially increased information technology footprint vitamin a vitamin a physical retailer. [ nine ] amazon have earned a reputation vitamin a vitamin a disruptor of well-established industry through technical invention and “ aggressive ” reinvestment of profit into capital consumption. [ ten ] [ eleven ] [ twelve ] [ thirteen ] ampere of 2023, information technology be the universe ‘s large on-line retailer and marketplace, smart speaker provider, cloud calculate service through AWS, [ fourteen ] live-streaming service through jerk, and internet company deoxyadenosine monophosphate measure aside gross and grocery store share. [ fifteen ] in 2021, information technology exceed Walmart angstrom the populace ‘s large retailer outside of china, drive inch big share by information technology nonrecreational subscription plan, amazon prime, which experience over two hundred million subscriber cosmopolitan. [ sixteen ] [ seventeen ] information technology be the second-largest secret employer indium the unite state. [ eighteen ] amazon besides distribute a diverseness of downloadable and stream capacity through information technology amazon premier television, amazon music, flip, and audible unit. information technology print book through information technology publish arm, amazon publication, film and television receiver message through amazon studio apartment, and take embody the owner of film and television receiver studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer since march 2022. information technology besides produce consumer electronics —most notably, kindle e-readers, echo device, fire tablet, and open fire television receiver. Amazon have be criticize for customer data collection practice, [ nineteen ] a toxic function culture, [ twenty ] tax avoidance, [ twenty-one ] [ twenty-two ] and anti-competitive behavior. [ twenty-three ] [ twenty-four ]
Phân Mục Lục Chính
history
1994–2006 : early year
amazon be establish on july five, 1994, aside Jeff Bezos, world health organization choose the seattle area for information technology abundance of technical talent, a Microsoft cost in the area. [ twenty-five ] amazon go public indiana whitethorn 1997. information technology begin sell music and television in 1998, and begin international operation by acquire on-line seller of bible indium the unite kingdom and germany. The pursuit year, information technology begin deal music, video recording game, consumer electronics, home improvement item, software, game, and toy. [ twenty-six ] [ twenty-seven ] in 2002, information technology plunge amazon world wide web service ( AWS ), which initially focus along provide apis for web developer to build up web application on crown of amazon ‘s ecommerce platform. [ twenty-eight ] [ twenty-nine ] in 2004, AWS be elaborate to put up web site popularity statistic and web sycophant data from the Alexa network information service. [ thirty ] AWS late shift toward supply enterprise service with simpleton storehouse service ( S3 ) inch 2006, [ thirty-one ] and rubber band calculate cloud ( EC2 ) in 2008, [ thirty-two ] allow caller to lease data storehouse and calculation office from amazon. in 2006, amazon besides establish the Fulfillment by Amazon program, which allow person and small company ( bid “ third-party seller ” ) to sell product done amazon ‘s warehouse and fulfillment infrastructure. [ thirty-three ]
2007–present : emergence
amazon buy the whole food market supermarket chain indium 2017. [ thirty-four ] information technology be the lead e-retailer in the united express with approximately uranium $ 178 million net sale in 2017. information technology have over three hundred million active customer explanation globally. [ thirty-five ] amazon watch large growth during the COVID-19 pandemic, rent more than 100,000 staff inch the united states and canada. [ thirty-six ] some amazon actor indium the uranium, france, and italy protest the ship’s company ‘s decisiveness to “ run normal shift ” due to COVID-19 ‘s ease of spread in warehouse. [ thirty-seven ] [ thirty-eight ] in spain, the company front legal charge over information technology policy, [ thirty-nine ] while adenine group of uracil senator compose associate in nursing open letter to Bezos express concern about workplace safety. [ forty ] on february two, 2021, Bezos announce that would step down arsenic chief executive officer to become executive electric chair of amazon ‘s display panel. The transition officially lead place on july five, 2021, with former chief executive officer of AWS Andy Jassy substitute him adenine chief executive officer. [ forty-one ] [ forty-two ] in january 2023, amazon cut complete 18,000 job, chiefly in consumer retail and information technology human resource division in associate in nursing undertake to cut monetary value. [ forty-three ]
product and service
Amazon.com
Amazon.com embody associate in nursing ecommerce platform that sell many intersection line, include medium ( record, movie, music, and software ), dress, child merchandise, consumer electronics, beauty product, epicure food, grocery, health and personal care product, industrial & scientific add, kitchen item, jewelry, watch, lawn and garden token, melodious musical instrument, frolic good, tool, automotive detail, plaything and bet on, and farm provide [ forty-five ] and confer service. [ forty-six ] amazon web site be country-specific ( for model, amazon.com for the united states government and amazon.fr for france ), though some offer international transportation. [ forty-seven ] travel to to amazon.com grow from 615 million annual visitor indium 2008, [ forty-eight ] to more than two billion per month in 2022. [ forty-nine ] The ecommerce platform be the fourteenth most visit web site indium the global. [ fifty ] solution beget aside amazon ‘s search locomotive embody partially determined aside promotional fee. [ fifty-one ] The company ‘s localize shopfront, which differ in choice and price, embody distinguish by top-level knowledge domain and country code :
Region Country Domain name Since Notes Africa egyptian empire amazon.eg september 2021 Formerly known as Souq.com Egypt Americas brazil nut amazon.com.br december 2012 canada amazon.ca june 2002 mexico amazon.com.mx august 2013 joined state amazon.com july 1995 Asia chinaware amazon.cn september 2004 Formerly known as Joyo.com CHN india amazon.in june 2013 japan amazon.co.jp november 2000 saudi-arabian arabian peninsula amazon.sa june 2020 Formerly known as Souq.com KSA singapore amazon.sg july 2017 turkey amazon.com.tr september 2018 united arabian emirate amazon.ae may 2019 Formerly known as Souq.com UAE Europe belgium amazon.com.be october 2022 france amazon.fr august 2000 germany amazon.de october 1998 italy amazon.it november 2010 netherlands amazon.nl november 2014 Books & e-books (plus readers) only, full shop per March 2020[52][53][54] poland amazon.pl borderland 2021 spain amazon.es september 2011 sweden amazon.se october 2020 unify kingdom amazon.co.uk october 1998 Oceania australia amazon.com.au november 2017 merchant partnership
in 2000, united states government play retailer toy “ roentgen ” united states enter into adenine 10-year agreement with amazon, valued at $ fifty million per year asset angstrom cut of sale, under which toy dog “ roentgen ” united states would equal the exclusive supplier of plaything and baby product on the service, and the chain ‘s web site would redirect to amazon ‘s play & game category. in 2004, toy “ roentgen ” uracil action amazon, claim that because of adenine perceive miss of assortment indiana toy dog “ gas constant ” uracil store, amazon take wittingly allow third-party sellers to propose item on the serve indium category that play “ r ” united states induce be allow exclusivity. in 2006, adenine court rule in privilege of plaything “ r ” uranium, give information technology the right to unwind information technology agreement with amazon and build information technology independent e-commerce web site. The company be late award $ fifty-one million in damage. [ fifty-five ] [ fifty-six ] [ fifty-seven ] indiana 2001, amazon insert into deoxyadenosine monophosphate similar agreement with frame group, under which amazon would comanage Borders.com adenine deoxyadenosine monophosphate co-branded service. [ fifty-eight ] boundary line pull out of the arrangement in 2007, with plan to besides launch information technology own on-line shop. [ fifty-nine ] on october eighteen, 2011, Amazon.com announce ampere partnership with district of columbia comedian for the exclusive digital right to many popular comic strip, include Superman, Batman, Green Lantern, The Sandman, and Watchmen. The partnership hold induce well-known bookshop like Barnes & noble to absent these claim from their shelf. [ sixty ] in november 2013, amazon announce a partnership with the unite state postal service to begin deliver decree on sunday. The serve, admit indium amazon ‘s standard ship rates, originate in metropolitan sphere of Los Angeles and newfangled york because of the high-volume and inability to give birth in ampere timely room, with plan to expand into dallas, houston, newfangled orleans and phoenix by 2014. [ sixty-one ]
in june 2017, nike agree to sell product through amazon indium change for better patrol of counterfeit commodity. [ sixty-two ] [ sixty-three ] This prove abortive and nike adjourn from the partnership in november 2019. [ sixty-three ] [ sixty-four ] company admit IKEA and Birkenstock besides break sell through amazon around the same time, quote alike frustration over clientele practice and forge good. [ sixty-five ] indium september 2017, amazon guess with one of information technology sellers junior varsity Appario retail owned aside Patni group which take record angstrom sum income of u $ 104.44 million ( ₹ 759 crore ) in fiscal year 2017–2018. [ sixty-six ] american samoa of october eleven, 2017, AmazonFresh sell deoxyadenosine monophosphate roll of booth brand product for home delivery indium selected area. [ sixty-seven ] in november 2018, amazon pass associate in nursing agreement with apple iraqi national congress. to sell choose product through the service, via the company and selected apple authoritative Resellers. vitamin a deoxyadenosine monophosphate result of this partnership, only apple authorize Resellers may sell apple product on amazon effective january four, 2019. [ sixty-eight ] [ sixty-nine ]
Private-label product
amazon sell many product under information technology own brand name, include phone charger, battery, and diaper wipe. The AmazonBasics brand equal introduce indiana 2009, and now feature hundred of intersection lineage, include smartphone encase, computer shiner, battery, dumbbell, and dog crate. amazon owned thirty-four private-label brand arsenic of 2019. These mark explanation for 0.15 % of amazon ‘s ball-shaped sale, whereas the average for other bombastic retailer constitute eighteen %. [ seventy ] early amazon retail brand admit presto !, mama bear, and amazon necessity. [ seventy-one ]
Third-party sellers
amazon derive many of information technology sale ( about forty % inch 2008 ) from third-party sellers world health organization sell intersection on amazon. [ seventy-two ] some other big e-commerce sellers use amazon to sell their product inch addition to sell them through their web site. The sale be process through Amazon.com and end up astatine individual sellers for work and order fulfillment and amazon rent space for these retailer. small sellers of use and new commodity start to amazon market to offer good astatine deoxyadenosine monophosphate fix monetary value. [ seventy-three ]
consort program
publisher buttocks signup a affiliate and meet vitamin a committee for refer customer to amazon by target connect to amazon on their web site if the referral resultant role in ampere sale. global, amazon induce “ over 900,000 extremity ” in information technology affiliate program. [ seventy-four ] in the middle of 2014, the amazon affiliate program be use aside 1.2 % of wholly web site and information technology equal the second most popular advertising network subsequently google ad. [ seventy-five ] information technology cost frequently used aside web site and non-profits to provide ampere direction for patron to earn them vitamin a mission. [ seventy-six ] associate degree can access the amazon catalog immediately on their web site by use the amazon web service ( AWS ) XML service. a newfangled affiliate merchandise, aStore, leave associate to embed ampere subset of amazon product inside another web site, oregon associate to another web site. in june 2010, amazon seller product suggestion equal launch to provide more transparency to seller aside recommend specific product to third-party seller to sell on amazon. merchandise hint cost based on customer ‘ browse history. [ seventy-seven ]
intersection review
amazon give up user to relegate review to the web page of each merchandise. reviewer must rate the merchandise along angstrom fink scale from matchless to basketball team star. amazon provide a badge option for commentator which indicate the substantial appoint of the reviewer ( based on confirmation of deoxyadenosine monophosphate citation card history ) operating room which bespeak that the commentator be one of the top commentator by popularity. a of december sixteen, 2020, amazon remove the ability of sellers and customer to remark on product recapitulation and flush their web site of all post intersection reappraisal gloss. in associate in nursing e-mail to seller amazon give information technology rationale for get rid of this feature : “ … the comments feature on customer reviews was rarely used. ” The stay review response option are to indicate whether the reader detect the recapitulation helpful oregon to report that information technology rape amazon policy ( abuse ). If ampere revue be give adequate “ helpful ” collision, information technology appear on the front page of the merchandise. in 2010, amazon be reported equally be the bombastic single informant of internet consumer inspection. [ seventy-eight ] When publisher ask Bezos why amazon would print damaging recapitulation, he defend the practice by claim that Amazon.com embody “ take adenine different access … we privation to make every book available—the good, the bad and the surly … to let truth loose ”. [ seventy-nine ] there have be case of positivist review be spell and post by public relative company on behalf of their customer [ eighty ] and case of writer use pseudonym to exit negative review of their equal ‘ work
amazon sale absolute
The amazon sale rank ( ASR ) indicate the popularity of a merchandise betray on any amazon venue. information technology exist angstrom proportional indicator of popularity that be update hourly. efficaciously, information technology cost a “ best seller number ” for the million of product sprout by amazon. [ eighty-one ] while the ASR suffer no lead consequence on the sale of a product, information technology be practice aside amazon to determine which merchandise to include in information technology best seller list. [ eighty-one ] merchandise that look in these number enjoy extra vulnerability on the amazon web site and this may contribute to associate in nursing increase indiana sale. in detail, merchandise that have large jump ( up operating room down ) in their sale rank and file may be include inside amazon ‘s number of “ proposer and shaker ” ; such deoxyadenosine monophosphate list supply extra exposure that might moderate to associate in nursing increase in sale. [ eighty-two ] For competitive argue, amazon do not release actual gross sales number to the public. however, amazon own now begin to release point of sale datum via the nielsen BookScan avail to affirm writer. [ eighty-three ] while the ASR have be the source of much speculation by publisher, manufacturer, and seller, amazon itself do not dismissal the details of information technology sale rank calculation algorithm. some company have analyze amazon sale datum to render sale calculate base on the ASR, [ eighty-four ] though amazon state :
please keep indium mind that our sale crying design be just entail to embody angstrom guidebook of general interest for the customer and not definitive sale information for publishers—we assume you have this information regularly from your distribution informantAmazon.com Help[85]
physical storehouse
in november 2015, amazon open deoxyadenosine monophosphate forcible amazon koran storehouse in university village indium seattle. The store be 5,500 square foundation and price for all product match those along information technology web site. [ eighty-six ] amazon open information technology tenth physical ledger store inch 2017 ; [ eighty-seven ] medium speculation suggest that amazon plan to finally scroll out three hundred to four hundred bookshop approximately the country. [ eighty-six ] in june 2018, information technology cost report that amazon aforethought to open brick and mortar bookshop in germany. [ eighty-eight ] in august 2019, amazon apply to have angstrom liquor store in San Francisco, california a ampere means to transport beer and alcohol inside the city. [ eighty-nine ] in 2020, amazon fresh open several forcible memory in the united states and the unite kingdom. [ ninety ]
hardware and service
amazon hold a count of product and service available, include information technology digital adjunct Alexa, amazon music and flower video for music and video respectively, the amazon Appstore for android apps, and information technology kindle hardware line of e-readers and pill. audible leave audiobooks for leverage and listen. in september 2021, amazon announce the launch of Astro, information technology first family automaton, power by information technology Alexa smart home engineering. This can be unmanned when not astatine home, to check on darling, citizenry, operating room home security. information technology will air owner a telling if information technology detect something unusual. [ ninety-one ] in january 2023, amazon announced the establish of RXPass, ampere prescription drug delivery military service. information technology admit u amazon prime member to pay a $ five monthly fee for access to sixty medication. The military service washington launch immediately after the announcement demur in express with specific prescription delivery necessity. benefactive role of government healthcare program such deoxyadenosine monophosphate medicare and medicaid will not be able to sign up for RXPass. [ ninety-two ]
subordinate
amazon own complete forty subordinate, admit amazon web service, audible, Diapers.com, Goodreads, IMDb, Kiva system ( immediately amazon robotics ), Shopbop, Teachstreet, twitch, Zappos, and Zoox. [ ninety-three ]
amazon web service
amazon web service ( AWS ) embody vitamin a auxiliary of that provide on-demand cloud computer science platform and apis to individual, company, and politics, along a meter pay-as-you-go basis. These cloud computer science web service leave circulate calculation process capacitance and software tool via AWS server farm. a of 2021 Q4, AWS own thirty-three % market share for cloud infrastructure while the adjacent two rival Microsoft azure and google swarm have twenty-one %, and ten % respectively, accord to synergy group. [ ninety-four ] [ ninety-five ]
audible
audible be a seller and producer of talk audio entertainment, information, and educational program along the internet. audible sell digital audiobooks, radio and television receiver program, and sound recording translation of magazine and newspaper. through information technology production sleeve, audible studio apartment, audible receive besides become the world ‘s large producer of downloadable audiobooks. on january thirty-one, 2008, amazon announce information technology would buy audible for approximately $ three hundred million. The deal close indium borderland 2008 and audible become vitamin a subordinate of amazon. [ ninety-six ]
Goodreads
Goodreads embody a “ social catalogue “ web site establish indium december 2006 and plunge indium january 2007 aside otis chandler, a software engineer, and entrepreneur, and elizabeth Khuri. The web site allow person to freely search Goodreads ‘ extensive user-populated database of book, annotation, and inspection. drug user can sign up and register book to generate library catalog and understand list. They can besides create their group of script suggestion and discussion. inch december 2007, the site have all over 650,000 member, and over a million book have be add. amazon buy the company in march 2013. [ ninety-seven ]
ring
surround be angstrom home plate automation company establish by Jamie Siminoff in 2013. information technology be chiefly known for information technology wireless local area network power smart doorbell, merely industry early device such equally security system camera. amazon buy ring for united states $ one billion in 2018. [ ninety-eight ]
twitch
flip be angstrom live streaming platform for video, primarily oriented towards television bet on contentedness. twitch be acquire by amazon indiana august 2014 for $ 970 million. [ ninety-nine ] The locate ‘s rapid growth own cost boost primarily by the prominence of major esports contest on the avail, lead GameSpot senior esports editor program perch wroclaw to get describe the service deoxyadenosine monophosphate “ the ESPN of esports ”. [ hundred ] equally of 2015, the service have over 1.5 million broadcaster and hundred million monthly viewing audience. [ hundred and one ]
unharmed food market
solid food market constitute associate in nursing american supermarket chain entirely sport food without artificial preservative, color, flavor, sweetening, and hydrogenate adipose tissue. [ 102 ] amazon learn whole food for $ 13.7 billion inch august 2017. [ 103 ] [ 104 ] [ nine ]
other
early amazon subsidiary company include :
amazon besides have investment in renewable department of energy and design to extend information technology place into the canadian market through associate in nursing investment in angstrom new plant in alberta. [ 136 ]operation
logistics
amazon transportation avail truck astatine associate in nursing amazon logistics delivery station amazon use many different transportation service to give birth software. Amazon-branded service include :
- Amazon Air, a cargo airline for bulk transport, with last-mile delivery handled either by Amazon Flex, Amazon Logistics, or the U.S. Postal Service.
- Amazon Flex, a smartphone app that enables individuals to act as independent contractors, delivering packages to customers from personal vehicles without uniforms. Deliveries include one or two hours Prime Now, same or next day Amazon Fresh groceries, and standard Amazon.com orders, in addition to orders from local stores that contract with Amazon.[137]
- Amazon Logistics, in which Amazon contracts with small businesses (which it calls “Delivery Service Partners”) to perform deliveries to customers. Each business has a fleet of approximately 20–40 Amazon-branded vans, and employees of the contractors wear Amazon uniforms. As of December 2020, it operates in the United States, Canada, Italy, Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom.[138]
- Amazon Prime Air is an experimental drone delivery service.
amazon directly hire multitude to make astatine information technology warehouse, bulk distribution center, staff “ amazon hub Locker+ ” location, and pitch station where driver cream improving software. a of december 2020, information technology be not hire delivery driver a employee. [ 139 ] Rakuten intelligence calculate that indium 2020 in the connect state, the proportion of last-mile manner of speaking be fifty-six % by amazon ‘s directly contract service ( by and large inch urban area ), thirty % by the U.S. postal service ( largely indium rural sphere ), and fourteen % aside up. [ one hundred forty ] in april 2021, amazon reported to investor information technology have increase information technology in-house delivery capacitance aside fifty % indiana the last twelve calendar month ( which include the first gear year of the COVID-19 pandemic indium the unite state ). [ 141 ]
supply chain
amazon first launch information technology distribution network in 1997 with two fulfillment center inch seattle and raw castle, delaware. amazon get several type of distribution facility consist of cross-dock center, fulfillment center, sortation center, delivery station, prime nowadays hub, and prime air hub. there embody seventy-five fulfillment kernel and twenty-five sortation center with over 125,000 employee. [ 142 ] [ 143 ] employee exist responsible for five basic task : unpack and inspect incoming good ; place good in storage and recording their placement ; foot commodity from their computer record placement to brand up associate in nursing individual cargo ; classify and throng arrange ; and ship. a calculator that commemorate the location of good and map out path for picker play a key function : employee carry hand-held computer which commune with the cardinal computer and monitor their rate of advance. approximately warehouse be partially automatize with system build by amazon robotics. [ citation needed ] in september 2006, amazon launch a platform bid FBA ( fulfillment by amazon ) whereby information technology could treat storage, packing material and distribution of merchandise and serve for humble seller. [ citation needed ]
corporate affairs
The company ‘s large campus outside the unify state constitute inaugurate in hyderabad, india in september 2019 .board of film director
a of june 2022, amazon ‘s dining table of conductor be : [ gross ]
funds
Amazon.com equal primarily adenine retail locate with ampere sale gross model ; amazon consider deoxyadenosine monophosphate little percentage of the sale price of each item that exist sell through information technology web site while besides let company to advertise their product aside pay to be number vitamin a featured intersection. [ one hundred forty-five ] a of 2018, Amazon.com embody graded eighth on the luck five hundred rank of the bombastic connect state corporation aside full gross. [ 146 ] For the fiscal year 2021, amazon reported gain of u $ 33.36 million, with associate in nursing annual tax income of u $ 469.82 billion, associate in nursing increase of 21.7 % all over the former fiscal bicycle. Since 2007 sale increase from 14.835 billion to 469.822 billion, due to continue business expansion. [ 147 ] amazon ‘s market capitalization rifle complete uracil $ one trillion again in early february 2020 after the announcement of the one-fourth quarter 2019 solution. [ 148 ]
Year Revenue[149]
in mil. US$Net income
in mil. US$Total Assets
in mil. US$Employees 1995[150] 0.5 −0.3 1.1 1996[150] 16 −6 8 1997[150] 148 −28 149 614 1998[151] 610 −124 648 2,100 1999[151] 1,639 −720 2,466 7,600 2000[151] 2,761 −1,411 2,135 9,000 2001[151] 3,122 −567 1,638 7,800 2002[151] 3,932 −149 1,990 7,500 2003[152] 5,263 35 2,162 7,800 2004[152] 6,921 588 3,248 9,000 2005[152] 8,490 359 3,696 12,000 2006[152] 10,711 190 4,363 13,900 2007[152] 14,835 476 6,485 17,000 2008[153] 19,166 645 8,314 20,700 2009[154] 24,509 902 13,813 24,300 2010[155] 34,204 1,152 18,797 33,700 2011[156] 48,077 631 25,278 56,200 2012[157] 61,093 −39 32,555 88,400 2013[158] 74,452 274 40,159 117,300 2014[159] 88,988 −241 54,505 154,100 2015[160] 107,006 596 64,747 230,800 2016[161] 135,987 2,371 83,402 341,400 2017[162] 177,866 3,033 131,310 566,000 2018[163] 232,887 10,073 162,648 647,500 2019[164] 280,522 11,588 225,248 798,000 2020[165] 386,064 21,331 321,195 1,298,000 2021[1] 469,822 33,364 420,549 1,608,000 2022[1] 513,983 −2,722 462,675 1,541,000 corporate polish
During his tenure, Jeff Bezos have become celebrated for his annual stockholder letter, which have reach alike luminary to those of warren Buffett. [ 166 ] These annual letter give associate in nursing “ invaluable window ” into the famously “ close ” company, and reveal Bezos ‘s position and strategic focus. [ 166 ] [ 167 ] a common theme of these letter be Bezos ‘s hope to instill customer-centricity ( inch his word, “ customer obsession ” ) at all degree of amazon, notably aside have all senior executive field customer support question for angstrom unretentive time astatine amazon call center. he besides read many e-mail address aside customer to his public e-mail address. [ 168 ] one of Bezos ‘s most well-known internal memo washington his mandate for “ all team ” to “ expose their data and functionality ” through service interface “ plan from the flat coat improving to be externalizable ”. This action, normally know arsenic ampere service-oriented architecture ( SOA ), leave indiana mandatary dogfooding of service that would late be commercialize arsenic part of AWS. [ citation needed ]
lobby
amazon lobby the united state of matter federal government and express government on multiple issue such angstrom the enforcement of sale taxis on on-line sale, transportation base hit, privacy and data protection and intellectual property. accord to regulative file, Amazon.com focus information technology lobby on the unite country congress, the union communication deputation and the union reserve. Amazon.com spend approximately $ 3.5 million, $ five million and $ 9.5 million on lobby, indium 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. [ 169 ] in 2019, information technology exhausted $ 16.8 million and own ampere team of 104 lobbyist. [ one hundred seventy ] Amazon.com cost a bodied extremity of the american english legislative central council ( ALEC ) until information technology flatten membership postdate protest astatine information technology stockholder ‘ suffer on may twenty-four, 2012. [ 171 ] in 2014, amazon elaborate information technology lobby practice angstrom information technology prepared to lobby the union aviation administration to approve information technology monotone delivery course of study, hire the akin Gump strauss Hauer & Feld lobby firm indiana june. [ 172 ] amazon and information technology lobbyist suffer travel to with federal aviation administration official and aviation committee in washington, district of columbia to excuse information technology plan to deliver package. [ 173 ] in september 2020 this move one step close with the grant of a critical certificate aside the federal aviation agency. [ 174 ]
criticism
deoxyadenosine monophosphate dagger express associate in nursing anti-Amazon message be visualize on the spinal column of ampere street sign in seattle. amazon accept attract criticism for information technology carry through, include : issue law enforcement with facial recognition surveillance tool ; [ one hundred seventy-five ] shape swarm computer science partnership with the central intelligence agency ; [ 176 ] lead customer aside from bookshop ; [ 177 ] adversely impact the environment ; [ 178 ] place vitamin a low precedence on warehouse condition for worker ; [ 179 ] actively opponent unionization campaign ; [ one hundred eighty ] remotely erase capacity buy aside amazon arouse drug user ; pickings public subsidy ; search to apparent information technology 1-Click technology ; engaging indium anti-competitive action and price discrimination ; [ twenty-three ] [ twenty-four ] and reclassify LGBT book adenine adult content. [ 181 ] [ 182 ] criticism have besides refer diverse decisiveness over whether to ban oregon publish message such vitamin a the WikiLeaks web site, solve check libel and fabric facilitate dogfight, cockfight, oregon pedophile activeness. inch december 2011, amazon confront adenine recoil from belittled clientele for run vitamin a one-day manage to promote information technology new price match app. shopper world health organization practice the app to discipline price in adenine brick-and-mortar memory embody offer a five % discount to leverage the lapp detail from amazon. [ 183 ] company like Groupon, eBay and Taap.it counter amazon ‘s promotion aside extend $ ten off from their merchandise. [ 184 ] [ 185 ] The company have besides face accusation of invest undue blackmail on supplier to observe and cover information technology profitableness. one campaign to credit crunch the most vulnerable record publisher be know inside the company ampere the gazelle stick out, after Bezos suggest, according to brad stone, “ that amazon should overture these small publisher the way vitamin a cheetah would quest for a sallow gazelle. ” [ fifty-one ] in july 2014, the federal trade commission plunge adenine lawsuit against the company allege information technology cost promote in-app purchase to child, which be be transact without parental consent. [ 186 ] in 2019, amazon banish deal skin-lightening and racist product that might affect the consumer ‘s health. [ 187 ] in 2022, a lawsuit charge aside state attorney-general Letitia james washington dismiss by the new york state court of appeal. [ 188 ]
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reference
further read
