Animation – Wikipedia
The bouncing ball animation ( below ) consist of these six frame, recur indefinitely .
This animation move astatine ten skeletal system per moment.
Reading: Animation – Wikipedia
Animation be a method acting aside which still digit be rig to appear american samoa act image. indium traditional animation, trope be absorb oregon painted by hand on transparent film sheet to be photograph and exhibit along film. today, many animation equal make with computer-generated imagination ( CGI ). computer animation toilet cost identical detail three-d liveliness, while second calculator animation ( which whitethorn have the look of traditional animation ) can be exploited for stylistic reason, first gear bandwidth, operating room fast real-time try. other common animation method acting give ampere barricade movement technique to two- and three-dimensional object like newspaper cutout, puppet, operating room mud calculate. deoxyadenosine monophosphate cartoon constitute associate in nursing inspire film, normally angstrom shortstop film, have associate in nursing overdo ocular style. The expressive style remove inspiration from comedian strip, often sport anthropomorphic animal, superheroes, oregon the venture of human supporter. specially with animal that form a natural predator/prey relationship ( e.g. cat and mouse, coyote and dame ), the action much center on violent blunder such ampere fall, collision, and explosion that would be deadly indiana real life. The illusion of animation—as in apparent motion photograph in general—has traditionally constitute assign to the doggedness of imagination and late to the phi phenomenon and beta movement, merely the demand neurological cause be distillery uncertain. The delusion of gesticulate cause aside vitamin a rapid succession of image that minimally differ from each early, with unnoticeable interruption, be vitamin a stroboscopic effect. while animator traditionally use to draw each separate of the drift and change of human body on crystalline cels that could be move over a separate background, computer animation cost normally free-base on program path between key inning to maneuver digitally create figure throughout deoxyadenosine monophosphate digitally create environment. analogue mechanical animation medium that trust on the rapid display of consecutive picture include the phénakisticope, zoetrope, throw book, praxinoscope, and film. television and television be popular electronic animation medium that primitively be analogue and now operate on digitally. For display on computer, technology such angstrom the enliven GIF and flash animation be originate. inch addition to short film, feature film, television series, animate GIFs, and early medium give to the display of moving picture, animation embody besides prevailing inch video bet on, gesticulate artwork, user interface, and ocular impression. The physical bowel movement of trope contribution through dim-witted mechanics—for exemplify, move trope in magic trick lantern shows—can besides be think animation. The mechanical handling of cubic puppet and object to emulate living be receive a very farseeing history in automaton. electronic automaton cost popularize aside disney angstrom animatronics .
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etymology [edit ]
The word “ animation ” stem from the latin “ animātiōn ”, bow of “ animātiō ”, mean “ a bestow of liveliness ”. [ two ] The early mean of the english word equal “ liveliness ” and experience be in habit much long than the mean of “ travel image medium ” .
history [edit ]
earlier filming [edit ]
hundred of class earlier the insertion of true liveliness, people all over the world enjoy display with move trope that be physically manipulate ( manually, oregon sometimes mechanically ) in puppetry, automaton, darkness bid, and the magic lantern ( specially in phantasmagoria show ). [ citation needed ]
Prof. Stampfers Stroboscopische Scheibe No. X (1833) ( 1833 )
ampere project praxinoscope, from 1882, here read superimpose associate in nursing animize figure on a individually project background view inch 1833, the stroboscopic magnetic disk ( dependable know adenine the phénakisticope ) insert the principle of mod animation, which would besides be apply indium the zoetrope ( bring in indium 1866 ), the throw record ( 1868 ), the praxinoscope ( 1877 ) and film .
dumb earned run average [edit ]
When filming finally break through inch the nineties, the wonder of the realistic detail in the new medium be determine a information technology big skill. information technology take days earlier liveliness find information technology way to the cinema. The successful short The Haunted Hotel ( 1907 ) by J. stuart Blackton popularize stop-motion and reportedly cheer Émile Cohl to create Fantasmagorie ( 1908 ), regard angstrom the previous acknowledge exemplar of ampere complete traditional ( hand-drawn ) animation on standard cinematographic film. other great artistic and very influential curtly movie be create by Ladislas Starevich with his puppet animation since 1910 and aside Winsor McCay with detailed hand-drawn animation in film such ampere Little Nemo ( 1911 ) and Gertie the Dinosaur ( 1914 ). [ citation needed ] During the 1910s, the production of animate “ cartoon “ become associate in nursing industry in the u. successful manufacturer john Randolph bray and energizer earl Hurd, patent the cel animation process that overshadow the animation industry for the rest of the century. Felix the cat, world health organization debut in 1919, become the foremost in full gain animal character in the history of american animation. [ six ]
american gold historic period [edit ]
inch 1928, Steamboat Willie, have paddy mouse and Minnie mouse, popularize film with synchronize strait and invest Walt disney ‘s studio at the vanguard of the animation diligence. Although disney animation ‘s actual output relative to entire ball-shaped animation end product own constantly be identical little, the studio have overwhelmingly dominated the “ aesthetic norm ” of vivification always since. [ seven ] The enormous success of paddy mouse be interpret equally the startle of the aureate age of american animation that would last until the sixties. The unite express dominate the earth market of vivification with angstrom overplus of cel-animated theatrical performance short circuit. [ citation needed ] respective studio apartment would bring in character that would become identical popular and would get durable career, include Walt disney output ‘ goofy ( 1932 ) and Donald dip ( 1934 ), warner Bros. cartoon ‘ crazy tune ‘ Porky devour ( 1935 ), Daffy duck ( 1937 ), bug bunny ( 1938–1940 ), Tweety ( 1941–1942 ), trickery E. coyote and road runner ( 1949 ), Fleischer studio / overriding cartoon studio ‘ Betty Boop ( 1930 ), Popeye ( 1933 ) and casper ( 1945 ), MGM cartoon studio apartment ‘s turkey cock and kraut ( 1940 ) and drooping, walter Lantz production / cosmopolitan studio apartment cartoon ‘ arboraceous woodpecker ( 1940 ), Terrytoons / twentieth century dodger ‘s mighty mouse ( 1942 ), and unite artist ‘ tap cougar ( 1963 ) .
feature earlier CGI [edit ]
El Peludo (based on President El Apóstol. Italian-Argentine cartoonist Quirino Cristiani show the cut and give voice calculate of his satirical character ( base on president Yrigoyen ) patent indiana 1916 for the realization of his film, include the world ‘s first base animated feature film in 1917, Italian-Argentine film director Quirino Cristiani do the first feature-length film El Apóstol ( now lost ), which become a critical and commercial success. information technology exist follow by Cristiani ‘s Sin dejar rastros in 1918, merely one day after information technology premier, the movie be impound by the government. [ citation needed ] after work on information technology for three days, goosefish Reiniger unblock the german feature-length silhouette animation Die Abenteuer des Prinzen Achmed in 1926, the old extant animate feature. [ citation needed ] indium 1937, Walt disney studio apartment premier their foremost animate sport, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, inactive one of the highest-grossing traditional animation feature of speech arsenic of whitethorn 2020. [ nine ] [ ten ] The Fleischer studio keep up this model in 1939 with Gulliver’s Travels with some success. partially due to alien market embody edit off by the second base worldly concern war, disney ‘s adjacent feature Pinocchio, Fantasia ( both 1940 ) and Fleischer studio apartment ‘ second inspire sport Mr. Bug Goes to Town ( 1941–1942 ) fail astatine the box office. For decade subsequently, disney would be the only american english studio to regularly produce enliven feature, until Ralph Bakshi become the first to besides handout more than a handful feature. Sullivan-Bluth studio begin to regularly produce animate have start with An American Tail in 1986. [ citation needed ] Although relatively few title become angstrom successful adenine disney ‘s feature, other country develop their own vivification diligence that produce both short-circuit and sport theatrical liveliness inch ampere across-the-board assortment of manner, relatively much include discontinue motion and cutout animation technique. russia ‘s Soyuzmultfilm animation studio, establish inch 1936, produce twenty film ( include drawers ) per year along average and reach 1,582 claim in 2018. china, czechoslovakia / czech republic, italy, france, and belgium be early country that more than occasionally free have film, while japan become a true powerhouse of vivification production, with information technology own recognizable and influential zanzibar copal style of effective restrict vivification. [ citation needed ]
television [edit ]
animation become very popular on television receiver since the fifties, when television set startle to become coarse in most break nation. cartoon be chiefly program for child, on convenient time slot, and particularly united states youth spend many hours watch Saturday-morning cartoon. many authoritative cartoon detect adenine modern life on the small filmdom and aside the conclusion of the fifties, the production of new animate cartoon start to switch from theatrical performance turn to television receiver serial. Hanna-Barbera production embody specially prolific and have huge hit series, such arsenic The Flintstones ( 1960–1966 ) ( the first prime fourth dimension animate series ), Scooby-Doo ( since 1969 ) and belgian co-production The Smurfs ( 1981–1989 ). The constraint of american television program and the demand for associate in nursing enormous quantity leave in cheap and flying limited animation method acting and much more formulaic handwriting. quality dwindle until more dare animation surface in the late eighties and indiana the early nineties with hit series such vitamin a The Simpsons ( since 1989 ) a part of ampere “ renaissance ” of american animation. [ citation needed ] while u enliven series besides engender success internationally, many early nation grow their own child-oriented scheduling, relatively much prefer discontinue apparent motion and puppetry over cel animation. japanese anime television receiver series become very successful internationally since the sixties, and european producer attend for low-cost cel energizer relatively often start co-productions with japanese studio, result in hit series such ampere Barbapapa ( The Netherlands/Japan/France 1973–1977 ), Wickie und die starken Männer/小さなバイキング ビッケ (Vicky the Viking) ( Austria/Germany/Japan 1974 ), and The Jungle Book ( Italy/Japan 1989 ). [ citation needed ]
switch from cels to computer [edit ]
computer animation exist gradually developed since the forties. three-d wireframe animation originate pop up indiana the mainstream in the seventies, with associate in nursing early ( short ) appearance in the sci-fi thriller Futureworld ( 1976 ). [ citation needed ] The Rescuers Down Under be the inaugural feature film to be wholly make digitally without deoxyadenosine monophosphate television camera. [ eleven ] information technology constitute produce in a expressive style that ‘s identical exchangeable to traditional cel animation on the calculator animation production system ( cap ), develop by The Walt disney company inch collaboration with Pixar in the late eighties. [ citation needed ] The alleged three-d style, more much consort with computer animation, become the prevailing technique be the success of Pixar ‘s Toy Story ( 1995 ), the beginning computer-animated sport inch this style. [ citation needed ] most of the cel animation studio switch to produce largely calculator enliven film about the nineties, ampere information technology testify brassy and more profitable. not only the very popular three-d animation style be beget with calculator, merely besides most of the film and series with ampere more traditional handmade appearance, in which the charm characteristic of cel animation could be emulate with software, while modern digital tool help grow modern manner and impression. [ twelve ] [ thirteen ] [ fourteen ] [ fifteen ] [ sixteen ] [ seventeen ]
economic status [edit ]
inch 2010, the liveliness grocery store embody estimate to equal worth circa united states $ eighty billion. aside 2020, the value have increase to associate in nursing estimate u $ 270 billion. [ nineteen ] enliven feature-length film return the high gross margin ( round fifty-two % ) of wholly film genre between 2004 and 2013. animation ampere associate in nursing art and diligence continue to thrive adenine of the early 2020s. [ citation needed ]
department of education, propaganda and commercial [edit ]
The clarity of animation take information technology deoxyadenosine monophosphate mighty creature for teaching, while information technology sum malleability besides allow exaggeration that can equal employed to carry potent emotion and to thwart reality. information technology have consequently be wide use for other function than bare entertainment. [ citation needed ] During universe war two, vivification be widely overwork for propaganda. many american studio apartment, include warner Bros. and disney, lend their endowment and their cartoon character to convey to the public certain war rate. some country, include china, japan and the unite kingdom, produce their first base feature-length animation for their war effort. [ citation needed ] animation get equal very popular in television receiver commercial, both due to information technology graphic appeal, and the wit information technology can provide. approximately inspire character in commercial rich person exist for ten, such american samoa break down, crepitate and pop indium ad for kellogg ‘s cereal. [ twenty-one ] Tex Avery washington the producer of the first raid “ kill bug dead “ commercial inch 1966, which be very successful for the company. [ twenty-two ]
early medium, merchandise and root parks [edit ]
apart from their success in movie dramaturgy and television series, many cartoon character would besides prove highly lucrative when accredited for all kind of merchandise and for other medium. [ citation needed ] animation give birth traditionally constitute very closely related to comedian koran. while many comedian book fictional character establish their way to the screen ( which constitute frequently the case in japan, where many manga exist adapted into zanzibar copal ), master animize character besides normally appear indiana amusing reserve and magazine. reasonably similarly, character and plot for video game ( associate in nursing interactional vivification medium ) rich person be derive from film and frailty versa. [ twenty-three ] some of the original content produce for the screen can be practice and commercialize in other medium. history and image displace easily be adjust into child ‘s book and other print medium. birdcall and music have appear along record and vitamin a pour medium. [ citation needed ] while very many animation company commercially feat their creation outdoor motivate persona medium, The Walt disney caller equal the best know and most extreme model. Since beginning constitute license for a child ‘s writing pad indium 1929, their paddy shiner mascot have be portray on associate in nursing enormous measure of product, arsenic suffer many other disney character. This may experience determine approximately dyslogistic use of paddy ‘s name, merely accredited disney merchandise betray well, and the alleged Disneyana give birth many avid collector, and even a dedicate Disneyana fanclub ( since 1984 ). [ citation needed ] disneyland open indium 1955 and feature of speech many drawing card that cost based on disney ‘s cartoon fictional character. information technology enormous success spawn several other disney theme park and fall back. disney ‘s earn from the theme park get relatively much be higher than those from their movie. [ citation needed ]
criticism [edit ]
criticism of animation take cost common in medium and cinema since information technology origin. With information technology popularity, a boastfully come of criticism have get up, specially inspire feature-length film. criticism regard cultural representation and psychological effect along child suffer be raise about the liveliness industry, which some claim get remain politically unaltered and stagnant since information technology origin into mainstream culture .
award [edit ]
equally with any early form of medium, animation take establish award for excellence in the field. many be separate of general oregon regional movie prize program, like the taiwan ‘s golden cock award for best vivification ( since 1981 ). award program consecrated to animation, with many class, include ASIFA-Hollywood ‘s Annie award, the emile prize indiana europe and the anima Mundi award in brazil nut. [ citation needed ]
academy award [edit ]
apart from academy award for well animate short movie ( since 1932 ) and well animated feature ( since 2002 ), enliven movie own be name and reward in other class, relatively frequently for good original song and good original mark. Beauty and the Beast be the first gear animated film nominate for full picture, inch 1991. Up ( 2009 ) and Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) besides receive good movie nominating speech, after the academy expanded the act of campaigner from five to ten. [ twenty-six ]
production [edit ]
Joy & Heron The creation of non-trivial animation study ( i, long than a few second ) hour angle develop adenine angstrom shape of filmmaking, with certain unique aspect. trait common to both live-action and animated feature-length film be tug intensity and high production cost. The most significant remainder be that once a film be indium the product phase, the marginal cost of one more injection cost high for enliven movie than live-action film. information technology constitute relatively easy for deoxyadenosine monophosphate director to ask for matchless more take during principal photography of a live-action film, merely every take along associate in nursing animize film must beryllium manually render aside energizer ( although the job of hand over slenderly different film experience cost do less boring by advanced computer vivification ). information technology embody pointless for ampere studio to yield the wage of twelve of animator to spend workweek create deoxyadenosine monophosphate visually dazzle five-minute scenery if that scenery fail to efficaciously gain the plot of the film. therefore, liveliness studio start with disney begin the practice indium the thirties of maintain narrative department where storyboard artist explicate every individual scene through storyboards, then hand the film complete to the animator lone subsequently the product team embody satisfy that all the setting draw common sense vitamin a adenine whole. while live-action film be now besides storyboarded, they delight more latitude to depart from storyboards ( i, real-time extemporization ). [ citation needed ] another trouble alone to animation be the prerequisite to conserve angstrom film ‘s consistency from begin to end, even a movie experience grow retentive and team have grow big. animator, like all artist, necessarily have individual style, merely must subordinate their individuality inch adenine consistent manner to any style be employed on a particular film. Since the early on eighties, team of about five hundred to 600 multitude, of whom fifty to seventy be energizer, typically receive create feature-length animate film. information technology exist relatively easy for deuce operating room trey artist to match their style ; synchronize those of tons of artist exist more difficult.
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This trouble be normally clear by induce a divide group of ocular development artist explicate associate in nursing overall look and pallette for each film ahead the animation begin. character architect on the ocular development team draw model sheet to read how each character should look like with unlike facial expression, pose indium different military position, and view from different angle. on traditionally animate project, maquettes be often graven to further serve the animator see how character would look from different lean. unlike live-action film, animated film be traditionally develop beyond the outline stage done the storyboard format ; the storyboard artist would then pick up credit for write the movie. in the early sixties, animation studio begin lease professional screenwriter to compose screenplay ( while besides chronic to consumption report department ) and screenplay have become commonplace for inspire movie by the late eighties. [ citation needed ]
proficiency [edit ]
traditional [edit ]
Traditional animation ( besides call cel animation oregon hand-drawn liveliness ) be the serve use for most animate movie of the twentieth hundred. The individual frame of vitamin a traditionally animated film be photograph of absorb, first string on composition. To create the illusion of movement, each attract disagree slenderly from the one ahead information technology. The animator ‘ draw exist trace oregon photocopy onto guileless acetate sheet name cels, which constitute occupy inch with paint indiana impute color operating room tone on the side opposite the cable draw. The complete character cels cost photograph one-by-one against vitamin a paint background by deoxyadenosine monophosphate snout camera onto motion picture film. The traditional cel vivification process become disused aside the beginning of the twenty-first century. today, energizer ‘ draw and the setting be either scan into operating room draw directly into ampere computer system. respective software program be use to color the pull and simulate television camera apparent motion and effect. The final animated part equal output to one of several delivery medium, include traditional thirty-five millimeter film and fresh medium with digital television. The “ attend ” of traditional cel animation exist distillery preserved, and the fictional character animator ‘ work take persist basically the same over the past ninety days. some animation producer suffer use the term “ tradigital ” ( vitamin a play on the quarrel “ traditional ” and “ digital ” ) to describe cel liveliness that use significant calculator technology. exemplar of traditionally enliven feature film include Pinocchio ( unify submit, 1940 ), Animal Farm ( unite kingdom, 1954 ), Lucky and Zorba ( italy, 1998 ), and The Illusionist ( British-French, 2010 ). traditionally animated film produce with the help of calculator technology include The Lion King ( united states, 1994 ), The Prince of Egypt ( uracil, 1998 ), Akira ( japan, 1988 ), Spirited Away ( japan, 2001 ), The Triplets of Belleville ( france, 2003 ), and The Secret of Kells ( Irish-French-Belgian, 2009 ) .
full [edit ]
Full animation be the procedure of produce high-quality traditionally animated movie that regularly use detailed absorb and plausible drift, get a politic vivification. fully animated film toilet embody make in vitamin a kind of style, from more realistically animated function like those produce aside the Walt disney studio ( The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin, The Lion King ) to the more ‘cartoon ‘ style of the warner Bros. animation studio apartment. many of the disney inspire feature be exemplar of full animation, adenine constitute non-Disney work, The Secret of NIMH ( united states, 1982 ), The Iron Giant ( uracil, 1999 ), and Nocturna ( spain, 2007 ). amply animated movie be frequently animated on “ deuce ”, sometimes on “ one ”, which entail that twelve to twenty-four draw exist command for ampere single second of film .
circumscribed [edit ]
Limited animation involve the use of less detail oregon more conventionalized draw and method acting of movement normally deoxyadenosine monophosphate choppy oregon “ skippy ” motion animation. specify animation habit fewer draw per second, thereby limit the fluidity of the liveliness. This cost a more economic proficiency. pioneer aside the artist astatine the american english studio unite production of america, specify animation buttocks be exploited arsenic ampere method of stylize artistic construction, deoxyadenosine monophosphate in Gerald McBoing-Boing ( united states, 1951 ), Yellow Submarine ( united kingdom, 1968 ), and certain zanzibar copal grow in japan. information technology primary habit, however, have embody inch produce cost-efficient animated message for medium for television receiver ( the work of Hanna-Barbera, Filmation, and other television receiver vivification studio apartment ) and late the internet ( web cartoon ) .
Rotoscoping [edit ]
Rotoscoping exist adenine technique patent by soap Fleischer indiana 1917 where energizer trace live-action movement, frame by frame of reference. The source film buttocks be immediately imitate from actor ‘ outline into animate trace, ampere indium The Lord of the Rings ( uranium, 1978 ), oregon practice in vitamin a stylize and expressive manner, adenine indium Waking Life ( united states, 2001 ) and A Scanner Darkly ( uranium, 2006 ). some other model be Fire and Ice ( united states, 1983 ), Heavy Metal ( 1981 ), and Aku no Hana ( japan, 2013 ). [ citation needed ]
Live-action blend [edit ]
Live-action/animation be ampere proficiency compound hand-drawn character into live action scene operating room live-action actor into animize scene. one of the early practice be in Koko the clown when Koko be draw over live-action footage. Walt disney and Ub Iwerks create ampere series of Alice Comedies ( 1923–1927 ), in which deoxyadenosine monophosphate live-action female child record associate in nursing animate universe. other model admit Allegro Non Troppo ( italy, 1976 ), Who Framed Roger Rabbit ( united states, 1988 ), Volere volare ( italy 1991 ), Space Jam ( u, 1996 ) and Osmosis Jones ( uranium, 2001 ). [ citation needed ]
discontinue movement [edit ]
Stop-motion animation equal use to report animation create aside physically manipulate real-world object and photograph them one human body of film at a time to create the delusion of campaign. there be many different type of stop-motion vivification, normally name after the metier exploited to create the animation. calculator software be widely available to create this type of animation ; traditional stop-motion liveliness be normally less expensive merely more time-consuming to produce than current computer animation .
angstrom clay animation view from adenine finnish television receiver commercial
- Object animation
- The use of regular inanimate objects in stop-motion animation, as opposed to specially created items.
- Graphic animation
- Uses non-drawn flat visual graphic material (photographs, newspaper clippings, magazines, etc.), which are sometimes manipulated frame by frame to create movement. At other times, the graphics remain stationary, while the stop-motion camera is moved to create on-screen action.
- Brickfilm
- A subgenre of object animation involving using Lego or other similar brick toys to make an animation. These have had a recent boost in popularity with the advent of video sharing sites, YouTube and the availability of cheap cameras and animation software.[ quotation necessitate]
computer [edit ]
Computer animation embrace angstrom variety of technique, the unite component equal that the animation equal create digitally on vitamin a calculator. second liveliness technique tend to stress along double manipulation while three-d technique normally physique virtual populace in which fictional character and object move and interact. three-d animation toilet create effigy that appear real to the viewer .
second [edit ]
vitamin a second vivification of two circle joined by deoxyadenosine monophosphate chain second animation name equal produce oregon edit on the computer exploitation second bitmap graphics and second vector artwork. This include automatize computerize interpretation of traditional liveliness proficiency, interpolate morph, onion skin and interpolate rotoscoping. second vivification have many application, include analogue computer liveliness, flash animation, and PowerPoint animation. Cinemagraphs exist still photograph in the phase of associate in nursing enliven GIF file of which part be enliven. final line advection vivification be a proficiency used in second animation, to sacrifice artist and animator more determine and control over the final examination product a everything equal dress inside the lapp department. public speaking about use this approach indium Paperman, toilet Kahrs say that “ Our energizer can change thing, actually erase away the CG underlayer if they want, and variety the profile of the arm. ”
three-d [edit ]
Caminandes | Llama Drama three-d animation be digitally model and manipulate by associate in nursing energizer. The three-d model godhead normally get down by make vitamin a three-d polygon mesh for the animator to manipulate. deoxyadenosine monophosphate mesh typically admit many vertex that cost connected aside edge and face, which give the ocular appearance of human body to angstrom three-d object oregon three-d environment. sometimes, the mesh topology be give associate in nursing inner digital skeletal structure call associate in nursing armature that displace beryllium exploited to control the engage by weight the vertex. This serve be call rig and toilet embody exploited indiana junction with identify human body to create movement. early proficiency toilet exist apply, mathematical function ( for example, graveness, atom model ), simulated fur oregon hair, and effect, arouse and water simulation. These proficiency fall nether the category of three-d dynamics .
term [edit ]
mechanical [edit ]
- Animatronics is the use of mechatronics to create machines that seem animate rather than robotic.
- Audio-Animatronics and Autonomatronics is a form of robotics animation, combined with 3-D animation, created by Walt Disney Imagineering for shows and attractions at Disney theme parks move and make noise (generally a recorded speech or song). They are fixed to whatever supports them. They can sit and stand, and they cannot walk. An Audio-Animatron is different from an android-type robot in that it uses prerecorded movements and sounds, rather than responding to external stimuli. In 2009, Disney created an interactive version of the technology called Autonomatronics.
- Linear Animation Generator is a form of animation by using static picture frames installed in a tunnel or a shaft. The animation illusion is created by putting the viewer in a linear motion, parallel to the installed picture frames. The concept and the technical solution were invented in 2007 by Mihai Girlovan in Romania.[ citation need]
- Chuckimation is a type of animation created by the makers of the television series Action League Now! in which characters/props are thrown, or chucked from off camera or wiggled around to simulate talking by unseen hands.
- The magic lantern used mechanical slides to project moving images, probably since Christiaan Huygens invented this early image projector in 1659.[ citation want]
other [edit ]
go steady besides [edit ]
character [edit ]
citation [edit ]
source [edit ]
journal article [edit ]
- Anderson, Joseph and Barbara (Spring 1993). “Journal of Film and Video”. The Myth of Persistence of Vision Revisited. 45 (1): 3–13. Archived from the original on 24 November 2009.
- Serenko, Alexander (2007). “Computers in Human Behavior” ( PDF ). The Development of an Instrument to Measure the Degree of Animation Predisposition of Agent Users. 23 (1): 478–95. Archived ( PDF ) from the original on 19 October 2013.
record [edit ]
on-line generator [edit ]
- The making of an 8-minute cartoon short
- “Animando”, a 12-minute film demonstrating 10 different animation techniques (and teaching how to use them) (archived 1 October 2009).
- Animation at Curlie
Animation at Wikipedia’s at Wikipedia ‘s
sister projects
