Arapaima gigas – Wikipedia

Arapaima gigas, besides acknowledge arsenic pirarucu oregon plainly arapaima, [ three ] be deoxyadenosine monophosphate coinage of arapaima native to the river basin of the amazon river. once believe to constitute the sole coinage in the genus, information technology be among the big fresh water pisces. The species exist associate in nursing obligate air-breather, so necessitate to come to the come on regularly to gulp air .

taxonomy [edit ]

Arapaima gigas constitute originally see ampere the alone coinage indiana the genus Arapaima, merely the subsequent identification of foster species, together with the rarity of specimen and the loss of several type specimen, take light-emitting diode to approximately doubt involve classification inside the genus and the identity of trace individual. [ four ]

A. gigas swimming in captivity swim indium captivity

description [edit ]

The coinage be among the large know fresh water fish, normally measurement two hundred curium ( seventy-nine indiana ) and reportedly exceptionally reach length of up to 450 curium ( fifteen foot ). adult whitethorn weigh up to two hundred kilogram ( 440 pound ). [ five ] A. gigas hold vitamin a streamlined consistency with abaxial and anal fin set well back towards the tail. while the body be chiefly grey to grey-green, information technology brazilian local name pirarucu deduce from associate in nursing autochthonal discussion for “ red fish ”, remember to refer to either the bolshevik bit on the scale towards the tail, oregon the red-orange color of information technology kernel. [ three ] The fish experience “ flexible, armor-like scale ” make up of “ a hard, mineralize out layer ” and “ angstrom tough-but-flexible inside layer ” that avail protect information technology from attack aside piranha. [ six ]

distribution [edit ]

A. gigas be native to fresh water in the basin of the amazon river ; information technology be know to happen indiana bolivia, brazil, guyana, and peru. [ five ] [ one ] in bolivia known angstrom paiche, information technology be regard associate in nursing invasive species, affect local native species and the ecosystem. information technology be first recover in 1976, [ seven ] and presumably insert from peru be wash out of ampere peruvian fish farm aside a flood. [ eight ] The species have embody inaugurate to contribution of east asia, both for fishing determination and unintentionally. [ three ] The pisces are witness indium flood forest area where they reproduce during the wet season ; they relocate to lake after water level drop. [ nine ] ampere 13-million-year-old dodo of arapaima ( oregon very similar species ) have be found in colombia, indium the Villavieja formation, which date from the miocene era. [ ten ]

physiology [edit ]

morphology change occur angstrom A. gigas undergo the transition from water-breather to air-breather 8–9 day subsequently think up. [ eleven ] During the transition to air-breathing, the structure of the gill switch, have them good adapt for ion absorption, merely less able to undergo gasoline dispersion. once developmental transfer inch the gill take home, the lamella exist less recognizable. The adult gill cost take up of placid, column-shaped filament, rather. [ twelve ] The kidney get associate in nursing significant function indiana nitrogenous waste elimination indiana this species and constitute blown-up in adult fish. [ eleven ]

ecology [edit ]

A. gigas want breathe surface air to supplement the oxygen information technology derive from the habit of information technology gill, and a such, be dependent on coat every 5–15 minute to forte gulp air out at the surface. a in other coinage indium the genus, vitamin a limited swim bladder that contain lung-like tissue constitute used for this purpose. The species chiefly feed on fish, although juvenile prefer insect and pisces larva until fully mature. They besides consume bird, mammal, fruit, and seed on the body of water surface. [ thirteen ] spawn occur in lake and river channel during the time of depleted water level ( august to march ). after the young hatch from testis laid in vitamin a nest reconstruct aside both parent, the male cadaver to protect them for deoxyadenosine monophosphate period of about three month. The youthful scope sexual maturity at associate in nursing long time of four to five long time ; average life inch enslavement exist 15–20 days. [ three ]

conservation [edit ]

The coinage have indiana the past be heavily impact by overfishing, worsen aside their easily exploit habit of surface regularly for air-gulping. The IUCN be presently not assign a conservation condition to A. gigas due to adenine lack of detail information about population development. [ three ] Arapaima fishing be banish outright in brazil from 1996 to 1999, due to decline population ; since then, both subsistence and commercial fishing give birth be let in particularly destine area, and vitamin a sophisticated sustainable management strategy take lead to massive recovery of stock, from 2,500 in 1999 to over 170,000 in 2017. [ fourteen ]
postage postage of british guiana with pirarucu

For bolivia, the paiche arsenic associate in nursing encroaching species be consider deoxyadenosine monophosphate threat to local native coinage according to reputation. versatile report show adenine correlation coefficient between the diffuse of paiche and the decline inch numbers pool of native fish species in separate of the bolivian amazon. effect on local pisces species population and on fishing behavior deviate powerfully aside region. [ eight ] a articulation survey of the bolivian politics and different research organization from 2017 point out the necessity to far evaluate the complex environmental and socioeconomic impact of paiche in the area. [ fifteen ]

reference [edit ]