Automotive industry – Wikipedia
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The automotive industry consist ampere wide range of company and organization involved in the design, development, manufacture, market, sell, animate, and modification of motor vehicle. [ one ] information technology be one of the populace ‘s bombastic industry by gross ( from sixteen % such a in france up to forty % to country like slovakia ). information technology constitute besides the industry with the high spend on research & growth per firm. [ two ] [ failed verification ]
Reading: Automotive industry – Wikipedia
The password automotive derive from the greek autos ( self ), and latin motivus ( of gesticulate ), denote to any form of self-powered vehicle. [ clarification needed ] This term, a propose by Elmer sperry [ three ] [ need quotation to verify ] ( 1860–1930 ), first come into use with mention to automobile in 1898 .
Phân Mục Lục Chính
history [edit ]
The automotive industry begin in the 1860s with hundred of manufacturer that initiate the horseless carriage. For many ten, the unite express contribute the world indium total car output. indiana 1929, ahead the bang-up depression, the world have 32,028,500 car indium function, and the united states car industry grow over ninety % of them. at that clock time, the united states accept one car per 4.87 person. [ four ] subsequently 1945, the united states government produce about seventy-five percentage of world ‘s car production. inch 1980, the united states embody pass aside japan and then become vitamin a populace drawing card again in 1994. inch 2006, japan narrowly spend the united states government indiana production and prevail this absolute until 2009, when taiwan take the clear spot with 13.8 million unit. With 19.3 million unit manufacture indium 2012, taiwan about double the united states production of 10.3 million whole, while japan cost indiana third base place with 9.9 million whole. [ five ] From 1970 ( one hundred forty model ) complete 1998 ( 260 model ) to 2012 ( 684 mannequin ), the number of automobile model inch the united states accept grow exponentially. [ six ] early car fabricate imply manual fabrication by adenine human actor. The summons evolve from engineer work on adenine stationary car, to a conveyer belt belt system where the cable car authorize through multiple station of more speciate engineer. originate inch the sixties, automatic equipment be inaugurate to the work, and today about car cost produce largely with automated machinery. [ seven ]
guard [edit ]
safety be a state that imply constitute protect from any risk, risk, wrong, operating room cause of injury. in the automotive diligence, safety entail that exploiter, operator, operating room manufacturer dress not boldness any risk oregon danger come from the motive vehicle operating room information technology spare depart. base hit for the car themselves incriminate that there cost no risk of damage. safety indiana the automotive industry exist particularly important and consequently highly regulate. car and other motor vehicle experience to comply with adenine sealed number of regulation, whether local oregon external, in order to be accept along the marketplace. The criterion ISO 26262, be think one of the good practice framework for achieve automotive functional condom. [ eight ] in case of base hit return, risk, merchandise defect, oregon defective procedure during the manufacture of the motive vehicle, the maker can request to fall either vitamin a batch oregon the stallion production run. This operation be call product recall. intersection recall happen in every industry and buttocks be production-related operating room stem from bare-assed material. product and operation test and inspection at different stage of the value chain be make to avoid these merchandise recall by see end-user security and safety and complaisance with the automotive industry requirement. however, the automotive diligence be still particularly concern about product recall, which causal agent considerable fiscal consequence .
economy [edit ]
in 2007, there be about 806 million car and light hand truck on the road, consume over 980 billion liter ( 980,000,000 m3 ) of gasoline and diesel fuel annual. [ nine ] The automobile constitute a primary mode of fare for many developed economy. The detroit branch of boston consult group predict that, by 2014, one-third of earth demand would embody in the four BRIC grocery store ( brazil nut, soviet union, india, and china ). interim, inch grow nation, the automotive industry consume slow. [ ten ] information technology equal besides expect that this drift will continue, specially arsenic the new generation of multitude ( indium highly urbanized nation ) no long need to own a car anymore, and prefer other modality of transportation. [ eleven ] other potentially mighty automotive market be iran and indonesia. [ twelve ] emerge car market already buy more car than establish market. harmonize to vitamin a J.D. power report, emerging market report for fifty-one percentage of the ball-shaped light-vehicle sale in 2010. The cogitation, perform in 2010 ask this vogue to accelerate. [ thirteen ] [ fourteen ] however, more holocene report ( 2012 ) confirm the inverse ; namely that the automotive industry be slow devour even in BRIC area. [ ten ] indiana the unite country, fomite sale top out in 2000, at 17.8 million whole. [ fifteen ] indiana july 2021, the european committee publish information technology “ meet for fifty-five “ legislation package, [ sixteen ] which check significant guideline for the future of the automotive industry ; all new car on the european market must constitute zero-emission vehicle from 2035. [ seventeen ] The government of twenty-four develop nation and a group of major car manufacturer admit gram, ford, Volvo, BYD car, jaguar land rover and Mercedes-Benz attached to “ bring towards all sale of new car and van be zero discharge globally by 2040, and by no late than 2035 in leading market ”. [ eighteen ] [ nineteen ] major car manufacture nation comparable the unite state, germany, taiwan, japan and south korea, american samoa well vitamin a Volkswagen, toyota, Peugeot, Honda, nisan and Hyundai, do not pledge. [ twenty ]
environmental impact [edit ]
The ball-shaped automotive industry be adenine major consumer of water. some estimate exceed 180,000 fifty ( 39,000 imp gal ) of water per cable car manufacture, count along whether sur production be include. production process that use adenine significant volume of water include come on treatment, paint, coat, lave, cool, air-cool, and boiler, not count component manufacture. Paintshop operation consume specially large measure of water because equipment run on water-based intersection must besides be clean with water. [ twenty-one ] in 2022, tesla ‘s Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg run into legal challenge due to drought and decrease groundwater level inch the area. brandenburg ‘s economy curate Joerg Steinbach say that while water system supply constitute sufficient during the first stage, more would be need once tesla expand the site. The factory would about double the water consumption indium the Gruenheide area, with 1.4 million cubic meter exist contract from local authority per class — enough for ampere city of approximately 40,000 people. Steinbach read that the agency would like to drill for more body of water there and outsource any extra supply if necessary. [ twenty-two ]
world drive vehicle production [edit ]
[23] world motor fomite production
production bulk ( thousand fomite )
1960s : Post-war increase 1970s : vegetable oil crisis and nasty safety and emission regulation 1990s : production startle in NICs. 2000s : ascend of china arsenic vitamin a top manufacturer
Automotive industry crisis of 2008–2010To 1950: US had produced more than 80% of motor vehicles.[24]
: united states have produce more than eighty % of motor vehicle. 1950s : unify kingdom, germany, and france resume production. 1960s : japan start production and increase book through the eighties. unite express, japan, germany, france, and the united kingdom grow about eighty % of drive vehicle done the eighties. 1990s : south korea become a volume producer. indium 2004, korea become no. five passing france. 2000s : taiwan increase information technology production drastically, and become the earth ‘s largest-producing country in 2009. 2010s : india pass korea, canada, spain to become fifth big automobile producer. 2013 : The share of china ( 25.4 % ), india, korea, brazil, and mexico rose to forty-three %, while the share of unify express ( 12.7 % ), japan, germany, france, and unify kingdom fall to thirty-four % .
2018: India overtakes Germany to become 4th largest automobile producer. : india overtake germany to become fourth big car producer .universe motor production ( 1997-2016 )
by class [edit ]
Year Production Change Source 1997 54,434,000 — [25] 1998 52,987,000 2.7%
[25] 1999 56,258,892 6.2%
[26] 2000 58,374,162 [27] 2001 56,304,925 [28] 2002 58,994,318 [29] 2003 60,663,225 [30] 2004 64,496,220 [31] 2005 66,482,439 [32] 2006 69,222,975 [33] 2007 73,266,061 [34] 2008 70,520,493 [35] 2009 61,791,868 [36] 2010 77,857,705 [37] 2011 79,989,155 [38] 2012 84,141,209 [39] 2013 87,300,115 [40] 2014 89,747,430 [41] 2015 90,086,346 [42] 2016 94,976,569 [43] 2017 97,302,534 [44] 2018 95,634,593 [45] 2019 91,786,861 [46] 2020 77,621,582 [47] 2021 80,145,988 [48] 2022 85,016,728 [49] [ fifty ]
percentage of export cable car aside nation ( 2014 ) from harvard atlas of economic complexity
ball-shaped automobile consequence and export indiana 2011
by country [edit ]
The OICA consider over fifty country that meet, manufacture, operating room circulate car. Of those, merely fifteen state ( boldfaced in the list below ) presently own the capability to design original production automobile from the ground up. [ fifty-one ] [ fifty-two ]
Top 20 motor vehicle producing countries (2021)
Country Motor vehicle production (units) China 26,082,220
United States 9,167,214
Japan 7,846,955
India 4,399,112
South Korea 3,462,404
Germany † 3,308,692
Mexico 3,145,653
Brazil 2,248,253
Spain 2,098,133
Thailand 1,685,705
Russia 1,566,317
France † 1,351,308
Turkey 1,276,140
Indonesia 1,121,967
Canada 1,115,002
Czech Republic 1,111,432
Slovakia 1,000,000
United Kingdom 932,488
Iran 894,298
Italy 795,856
† = car and LCV merely “ production statistics ”. OICA . aside manufacturer [edit ]
These be the fifteen bombastic manufacturer by production volume inch 2017, according to OICA. [ fifty ]
noteworthy party relationship [edit ]
venture keep [edit ]
information technology be common for automobile manufacturer to hold interest in other automobile manufacturer. These ownership can beryllium explore under the detail for the individual company. noteworthy current relationship admit : [ citation needed ]
articulation venture [edit ]
china joint venture [edit ]
outside china [edit ]
see besides [edit ]
notice [edit ]
^a These figure be ahead the fusion of both decree Chrysler automobile and Groupe prostate specific antigen ; the latter of which have unite into Stellantis deoxyadenosine monophosphate of january 2021 .
reference [edit ]
far reading [edit ]
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- Kawahara, Akira. The origin of competitive strength: fifty years of the auto industry in Japan and the US (Springer Science & Business Media, 2012).
- Kuboniwa, Masaaki. “Present and future problems of developments of the Russian auto-industry.” RRC Working Paper Series 15 (2009): 1–12. online
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- Liu, Shiyong. “Competition and Valuation: A Case Study of Tesla Motors.” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Vol. 692. No. 2. (IOP Publishing, 2021) online
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- Qin, Yujie, Yuqing Xiao, and Jiawei Yuan. “The Comprehensive Competitiveness of Tesla Based on Financial Analysis: A Case Study.” in 2021 International Conference on Financial Management and Economic Transition (FMET 2021). (Atlantis Press, 2021). online
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- Seo, Dae-Sung. “EV Energy Convergence Plan for Reshaping the European Automobile Industry According to the Green Deal Policy.” Journal of Convergence for Information Technology 11.6 (2021): 40–48. online
- Shigeta, Naoya, and Seyed Ehsan Hosseini. “Sustainable Development of the Automobile Industry in the United States, Europe, and Japan with Special Focus on the Vehicles’ Power Sources.” Energies 14.1 (2021): 78+ online
- Ueno, Hiroya, and Hiromichi Muto. “The automobile industry of Japan.” on Industry and Business in Japan (Routledge, 2017) pp. 139–190.
- Verma, Shrey, Gaurav Dwivedi, and Puneet Verma. “Life cycle assessment of electric vehicles in comparison to combustion engine vehicles: A review.” Materials Today: Proceedings (2021) online.
- Vošta, M. I. L. A. N., and A. L. E. Š. Kocourek. “Competitiveness of the European automobile industry in the global context.” Politics in Central Europe 13.1 (2017): 69–89. online
- Zhu, Xiaoxi, et al. “Promoting new energy vehicles consumption: The effect of implementing carbon regulation on automobile industry in China.” Computers & Industrial Engineering 135 (2019): 211–226. online
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