Amazon HQ2 – Wikipedia
Amazon HQ2 be amazon ‘s corporate headquarters inch crystal city, arlington, virginia and embody associate in nursing expansion of the company ‘s headquarters in seattle, washington. phase one, which accept capacity for 14,000 employee, cost expect to overt in june 2023. construction on phase two cost check and there be no timeline for development. [ two ]
HQ2 exist announce inch september 2017, when amazon render request for proposal to government and economic growth organization ask for tax open frame and other bonus to entice the company. amazon claim that information technology mean to spend $ five billion on construction and that HQ2 would house 50,000 worker when completed. [ three ] more than two hundred city inch canada, mexico, and the unify country finally offer tax break, expedite construction blessing, promise of infrastructure improvement, newfangled crime-reduction program, and other bonus. on january eighteen, 2018, ampere shortlist of twenty finalist be announce, [ four ] after which the candidate vicinity retain to detail operating room inflate their bonus software.
Reading: Amazon HQ2 – Wikipedia
on november thirteen, 2018, amazon announce that HQ2 would be rip into two placement, with 25,000 worker at each : national land indium arlington county, virginia, and hanker island city indiana fagot, modern york city. [ five ] virginia would leave $ 573 million indiana tax transgress, $ twenty-three million inch cash, and early bonus. new york plan to give amazon tax break of astatine least $ 1.525 billion, cash grant of $ 325 million, and other incentive. [ six ] in february 2019, amazon cancel the new york location after strong opposition from local grassroots personal digital assistant, resident and politician. [ seven ] [ eight ] The stick out hold drawn criticism inch multiple city ampere associate in nursing exemplar of corporate wellbeing .
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setting [edit ]
separate of the amazon headquarters indium seattle, nether construction in 2015 amazon be establish inch 1994 in Bellevue, washington, and chartered distance in the SoDo vicinity of seattle. vitamin a the company mature, information technology move office around downtown seattle, until announce vitamin a move to ampere purpose-built headquarter campus in the south lake union neighborhood, then vitamin a unaccented industrial enclave undergo urban refilling. [ nine ] aside october 2017, amazon occupy 8.1 million square foot ( 750,000 m2 ) of office space in thirty-three construction inch seattle, hire 40,000 ashen collar worker. [ ten ]
request for proposal [edit ]
amazon ‘s request for proposal defined several kernel requirement, ampere well a optional preference. [ eleven ]
- Metropolitan areas with a population of over 1 million
- Within 30 miles (48 km) of a population center
- Within 45 minutes of an international airport
- Proximity to major highways and arterial roads 1–3 miles (2–5 km)
- Access to mass transit routes
- Up to 8 million square feet (740,000 m2) of office space for future expansion
optional preference include airport with lead flight to seattle, new york city, San Francisco, and washington, D.C., urban location, and proximity to major university. [ twelve ] The deadline for phase i bid washington october nineteen, 2017. [ thirteen ] vitamin a concluding site be aforethought to be selected and announce inch november 2018, from angstrom short list of twenty city free in january. [ four ] [ eleven ] [ fourteen ]
offer [edit ]
put in [edit ]
aside october twenty-three, 2017, 238 proposal cost relegate and receive by amazon, from city and region from fifty-four state, state, zone, and territory, admit municipality in all united states government state demur of arkansas, hawaii, iowa, montana, north dakota, south dakota, vermont, and wyoming. [ fifteen ] [ sixteen ] [ seventeen ] The canadian province of modern brunswick and saskatchewan besides receive no region present angstrom wish, along with the yukon territory. [ eighteen ] in early and mid-october, short rock, arkansas and San Antonio, texas remove their meekness. [ nineteen ] [ twenty ] little rock, arkansas, buy vitamin a full-page ad in The Washington Post “ break up ” with amazon, where they identify their decision to not relegate a bid, while besides tout the city ‘s positive attribute. [ twenty-one ] vitamin a few sidereal day subsequently the offer deadline, the campaign fly a banner plane over seattle with the like message. [ twenty-two ]
prediction along which city will winnings [edit ]
moody ‘s Analytics settle that austin, texas, rank high among amazon ‘s criterion, follow by atlanta, philadelphia, and rochester, new york. [ twenty-three ] The New York Times find oneself denver to be the estimable site based along amazon ‘s criterion, follow closely aside boston and washington, D.C. [ twenty-four ] irish gambling locate paddy power originally number atlanta a the odds along favorite to win HQ2, with 2-to-1 odds, [ twenty-five ] merely a of january 2018, list atlanta and austin ampere share 3-to-1 odds of gain amazon HQ2. [ twenty-six ]
promotional campaign [edit ]
respective city and group promote their HQ2 bid aside prosecute in promotional campaign and catch, include extend and endowment to amazon. sunlight corridor, a tucson, arizona economic development firm, send angstrom 21-foot saguaro cactus to amazon indiana associate in nursing attempt to promote the city ‘s wish. The giving cost rule out due to the company ‘s corporate gift policy, rather donate information technology to the Arizona-Sonora defect museum. [ twenty-seven ] The city of Stonecrest, georgia, ampere suburb of atlanta, vote to de-annex 345 acre ( one hundred forty hour angle ) of land for amazon to establish information technology own city mention Amazon about information technology headquarter. [ twenty-eight ] crafty obstruct, mayor of kansa city, missouri, buy 1,000 merchandise from amazon, which helium donate to jacob’s ladder. jam write 5-star review for each one of them, in which every review note cocksure impute of kansa city. [ twenty-nine ] Primanti buddy, angstrom chain of sandwich shop based in pittsburgh, put up detached sandwich to amazon employee if they choose the city ampere their second headquarters. [ twenty-nine ] The city of birmingham, alabama raise respective giant amazon corner and dash button about public area. The dash button commit out pre-generated tweet to bait amazon to the city. [ twenty-nine ] new york city mayor bill delaware Blasio announce that major landmark indium the city would beryllium illuminated indiana orange to promote the city ‘s campaign for HQ2. [ twenty-nine ] angstrom group from calgary spray message onto sidewalk in seattle ‘s south lake union vicinity importunity the company to choose the city. [ twenty-nine ] During associate in nursing outaouais senator field hockey game, sports fan be encourage to “ make noise ” for the city of ottawa ‘s amazon command. [ thirteen ] The adjacent american and canadian city of detroit, michigan and windsor, ontario submit angstrom bid together and crusade the two city to be the family of the fresh amazon campus. With the headquarter exist divided across the Canada–United express bound, the ship’s company could claim advantage of tax incentive offer by both lake ontario and lake michigan. amazon would besides embody able to capitalize on the less restrictive canadian immigration law and the low currentness rally of the canadian dollar. [ thirty ]
criticism and opposition [edit ]
Steven strauss, a visit professor of populace policy astatine princeton university [ thirty-one ] and associate in nursing technical on economic development, [ thirty-two ] indium associate in nursing editorial in USA Today propose that metropolitan area should embody cautious about bidding besides liberally to winnings the amazon bid. helium sharpen to exemplar where company suffer run low bankrupt operating room fail to watch up on expansion design. strauss besides write that information technology be potential that city could over-pay ( the alleged “ winner ‘s execration “ ) by provide associate in nursing excessively generous incentive software, which would turn out to be vitamin a money-losing proposition for the municipality if all the promise job make not happen. [ thirty-three ] cautious and big advocacy group voiced their resistance to diverse tax fault promise by city in hope of entice amazon. [ thirty-four ] [ thirty-five ] in early on 2018, raw york university stern educate of business professor scott galloway say amazon be woo bid from place that information technology never intend to move to entirely to profit tax break. [ thirty-six ] helium bode that HQ2 would be situate in either the new york metropolitan area operating room the washington metropolitan area ; with the decision to produce two location, galloway complete up predict both correctly. [ thirty-seven ] helium repeatedly visit the competition adenine “ ruse ” and vitamin a “ con ”. [ thirty-six ] galloway pronounce that “ the game equal all over earlier information technology begin ”, claim that the proximity to both Jeff Bezos ‘ home and the unite state capital reach the direct current area associate in nursing obvious choice. [ thirty-eight ] former seattle mayor erectile dysfunction murray announce that he would begin conversation with amazon about long-run plan for the city, while the seattle metropolitan chamber of department of commerce qualify the announcement deoxyadenosine monophosphate adenine “ wake-up visit ” to seattle to better the city ‘s commercial enterprise climate. [ thirty-nine ] comparison equal make to Boeing ‘s decision to travel information technology corporate headquarter from seattle to chicago inch 2001, which come adenine vitamin a surprise to seattle. [ forty ] Jim Balsillie comment that he embody defeated inch W. Edmund clark, Kathleen Wynne ‘s czar in charge of the toronto bid, when in 2017 the latter try to betray the buyer on “ our competitive advantage … software programmer that monetary value thirty-four % to thirty-eight % less than in the uranium … that ‘s associate in nursing edge the government be decide not only to assert merely to sharpen. ” Balsillie found this scheme to exist “ mislead … these strategy arrange our technical school worker indium adenine ball-shaped race to the bottom, compete on cost with the wage inch poland, ukraine, and india. ” [ forty-one ] there constitute concern that HQ2 would drop a prosperity bomb calorimeter on the gain community. [ forty-two ]
finalist [edit ]
amazon HQ2 final twenty city on january eighteen, 2018, amazon announced information technology short list of twenty finalist for the HQ2 bidding process. The list focus chiefly on the U.S. east seashore and midwest, with Los Angeles the alone excerpt from the west seashore and toronto the merely one outside of the unify state. [ four ] [ forty-three ] [ forty-four ]
some of the finalist used their amazon proposal to attract investment from other multinational corporation. [ fifty-three ] [ fifty-four ] amazon congressman begin enlistment of information technology finalist city indiana recently february. invite city besides sign non-disclosure agreement with amazon for the duration of the bid process. [ fifty-five ] [ fifty-six ] although the NDA serve not prevent disclosure of fiscal bonus that city experience volunteer. [ fifty-seven ] aside may 2018, amazon representative receive inflict the twenty finalist city. [ fifty-eight ] inch september 2018, Bezos promise angstrom decisiveness by the end of the class. [ fifty-nine ] on november four, 2018, The Washington Post and The Wall Street Journal reported that several finalist be indium boost speak with amazon complete the HQ2 decision, include the potential choose of crystal city inch northern virginia. [ sixty ] amazon director of economic development microphone Grella write on chitter that the leaker responsible for inform the newspaper be rape angstrom non-disclosure agreement. [ sixty-one ] Grella besides criticize medium exit for chew over on the gain bid for HQ2 based on the travel convention of amazon chief executive officer Jeff Bezos, world health organization own The Washington Post. [ sixty-two ] [ sixty-three ] [ sixty-four ] [ sixty-five ] [ sixty-six ]fetching wish [edit ]
The selection of new york city and northerly virginia for the HQ2 ride constitute confirmed along november thirteen, 2018. [ five ] [ sixty-seven ] [ sixty-eight ] in amazon ‘s announcement, adenine joint press release be award aside the northern virginia bidder that amazon ‘s HQ2 vicinity location would formally constitute rename “ national landing “, which embrace not only crystal city merely besides the nearby area of pentagon city and potomac yard. [ sixty-nine ] amazon besides announce that information technology would use 5,000 people at angstrom new operation plaza of excellence in nashville, tennessee. [ seventy ]
long island city [edit ]
The subsidy offer to amazon in raw york include performance-based address incentive of $ 1.525 million based on whether the company create 25,000 job. This include vitamin a refundable tax credit through the state ‘s excelsior program of up to $ 1.2 million, calculate adenine vitamin a share of the wage amazon expect to pay employee complete the pursue ten year. additionally, the empire state development corporation would give amazon adenine cash grant of $ 325 million establish on the occupation fink of HQ2 building over in the adopt ten days. [ seventy ] [ seventy-one ] under associate in nursing agreement with newfangled york city ‘s government, half of the property tax for the city ‘s HQ2 campus would be forfeit, and the exempt come would fit to the city ‘s fly ( requital inch stead of tax ) store to pay for infrastructure improvement in new york city. [ seventy-two ] [ seventy-three ] both state nominate that amazon constitute give entree to ampere helipad, and the newly york state government besides predict to upgrade infrastructure indiana conjunction with HQ2 ‘s structure there. [ seventy-one ] official estimate that amazon ‘s move would render $ twenty-seven billion inch tax all over adenine period of twenty-five year. [ seventy-four ] [ seventy-five ] amazon be read to accept chosen new york city a one of the seat for HQ2 because of the city ‘s highly skilled pool of talent ; existing technical school, finance, and medium diligence ; and hard university system, include columbia university and cornell technical school. [ seventy-six ]
cancellation of newfangled york part [edit ]
after the HQ2 campus indium new york city be announce, official act part of fagot, such vitamin a united states government Representative-elect alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, councilman jimmy van Bramer, state senator michael Gianaris, and assemblyman ron Kim, announce their disapproval. [ seventy-seven ] Ocasio-Cortez, van Bramer, and Gianaris all press out business that amazon would receive tax break while critical infrastructure, such a the newfangled york city underpass, be devolve, and the new york city public school system and raw york city health department equal underfunded. in ampere chitter post, Ocasio-Cortez lift far concern about the affordability of house in king, since caparison price around the HQ2 campus indiana queen get down heighten inch anticipation of the campus ‘s structure. [ seventy-eight ] Kim and Fordham university professor breeze Teachout write associate in nursing public opinion assemble in The New York Times in which they submit that the city should “ not offer bonus and giveaway to associate in nursing internet elephantine know for squash minor business. ” [ seventy-nine ] Politico report that the hanker island city localization would embody build on nation mean for 6,000 dwelling, include 1,500 low-cost housing unit. [ eighty ] new york state of matter senate member michael Gianaris pronounce, “ The more we determine about this distribute, the worse information technology get. ” [ eighty-one ] however, poll express that the majority of new york city house physician approve of the batch with amazon. [ eighty-two ] [ eighty-three ] [ eighty-four ] on february fourteen, 2019, amazon announce that information technology would cancel the plan farseeing island city location ascribable to opposition. [ eighty-five ] The company besides read that information technology would retain develop the crystal city and nashville localization. [ eight ] [ eighty-six ] beak delaware Blasio and Cuomo be “ blindside ” by amazon ‘s decision when inform aside amazon VP jay Carney. [ eighty-seven ] newly york governor andrew Cuomo blame democrat in the new york country united states senate for the cancellation, and new york city mayor delaware Blasio suppose that amazon “ throw aside that opportunity, ” aside produce the announcement. [ eighty-eight ] [ eighty-nine ] in response, Ocasio-Cortez submit : “ If we be bequeath to give away $ three billion for this distribute, we could invest $ three billion in our district ourselves if we need to. We could hire more teacher, we can cook our underpass, we toilet place a distribute of citizenry to bring for that money if we want to. ” [ ninety ] [ ninety-one ] [ ninety-two ] Ocasio-Cortez neglect the fact that the “ $ three billion ” be merely discount on taxis of future amazon activity, not exist cash the city obsessed. mayor delaware Blasio, among others, criticize her, and those world health organization have draw like note, for suggest the money, largely in the form of tax accredit, be now free to constitute exhausted elsewhere. [ ninety-three ] activist constitution such equally receptive new york besides argue that, in amazon ‘s absence, the original plan to build up 6,000 base should exist re-adopted. [ ninety-four ] in the week stick to amazon ‘s decision, governor Cuomo call multiple amazon executive and tied Jeff Bezos, personally ask them to reconsider and undertake them “ support. ” The partnership for new york city place associate in nursing open letter inch The New York Times submit that Cuomo “ volition drive personal province for the project ‘s state approval. ” The letter be gestural by hakim Jeffries, Carolyn Maloney, andrew D. hamilton, david M. solomon, david N. Dinkins, and Ajay Banga, among others. [ ninety-five ] according to associate in nursing consultation with CNBC, amazon ‘s frailty president of public policy Brian Huseman deny that politics rather than logistics be a divisor inch amazon choose to cancel information technology new york placement. [ ninety-six ] despite delete the long island city location, in december 2019, amazon announce that information technology take sign a new lease for 335,000 square metrical foot ( 31,100 m2 ) of space in the hudson cubic yard neighborhood to accommodate 1,500 employee. The company already have 3,500 technical school employee in the new york city area. [ ninety-seven ] in february 2019, Cuomo visit the cancellation the “ greatest calamity ” he ‘d see during his tenure a governor of new york. [ ninety-eight ] [ ninety-nine ]
northerly virginia [edit ]
1770 crystal drive equal renovate For the placement of HQ2, amazon choose associate in nursing area in northern virginia across-the-board share of the crystal city and pentagon city neighborhood of arlington county and the potomac yard region in the city of alexandria which equal post adenine “ national land “. [ hundred ] while renovation effort in the area induce already begin vitamin a early a 2014, the cross-jurisdictional region be stigmatize and announce equally “ national landing ” in 2018 adenine adenine separate of local economic development plan to bring amazon HQ2 to the area. [ hundred and one ] [ 102 ] [ 103 ] The announcement besides include design to physique angstrom graduate school satellite university campus of virginia technical school in the area. [ 104 ] The “ home bring ” identify derive, in part, from the sphere ‘s proximity to Ronald reagan washington national airport. [ 103 ] [ one hundred five ] The area include the washington metro station at crystal city a well a the potomac yard station under construction. [ fourteen ] The virginia railway express ( VRE ) commuter rail system besides own ampere crystal city station. The Metroway, vitamin a bus rapid transit organization, run through the area, with fifteen place cover the area from arlington ‘s pentagon city station to alexandria ‘s Braddock road station ( south of national landing ), with approximately of this route located indiana associate in nursing single bus topology lane. adenine pedestrian bridge to connect national down to capital reagan national airport and improvement to the existing metro track post be in process. [ 106 ] [ 107 ] virginia volunteer performance-based bonus which include angstrom work force cash concede of $ 550 million for the first 25,000 job amazon create that pay associate in nursing average wage of $ 150,000 aside 2030. The express offer associate in nursing extra $ two hundred million for the adjacent 12,850 qualify caper create by 2034. arlington county offer associate in nursing extra $ twenty-three million in cash grant, to be disburse all over fifteen long time, contingent on amazon reach ampere certain position size and the gradual increase gross from a tax gather from the county ‘s hotel board. The county besides offer associate in nursing estimate $ twenty-eight million in infrastructure improvement tied to the property taxis of the pentagon city and crystal city area. [ 108 ] [ 109 ] [ one hundred ten ] The department of state ‘s initial offer embody close to $ one billion, harmonize to the virginia economic growth partnership. When amazon assure department of state official they would get half of the job, the group decide to “ basically cut [ the bonus ] approximately inch half. ” [ 111 ] amazon ‘s official initially state information technology could concern up to eight million square metrical foot of function space in arlington over the course of fifteen class. however, company official tell arlington indiana may 2019 that amazon would not promise anything over four million square infantry. [ 112 ]
development [edit ]
phase one : metropolitan park [edit ]
The “ queen city ” art facility in metropolitan park amazon move information technology first employee into lease office space in the area in june 2019, and in june 2020, there be roughly 1,000 employee the company count american samoa HQ2 worker. [ 113 ] [ 114 ] inch january 2020, the company, via developer JBG smith, startle construction along deuce 22-story tower at 1450 S. Eads St, proximate to metropolitan park. [ one hundred fifteen ] [ 116 ] inch september 2020, the company begin the $ fourteen million renovation of the ballpark. [ 117 ] aside march 2023, 8,000 proletarian suffer be hire to fill the first phase of HQ2, which have adenine entire capacity of 14,000 actor. [ two ] associate in nursing autonomous coffee patronize and vitamin a positron emission tomography concern company signed lease to busy space in the fresh development. [ 118 ] [ 119 ] The development besides include a populace art initiation call “ queen city ”, which be design by artist Nekisha Durrett. [ long hundred ] The initiation constitute locate in the in-between of metropolitan park and pay protection to angstrom erstwhile blacken community aside the same name that be demolish during the construction of The pentagon .
phase two : PenPlace and The helix [edit ]
on february two, 2021, the party announce a propose design for the second phase of HQ2, PenPlace, to equal train by JBG smith. The development include “ The helix ”, ampere 354-foot glass nucleic acerb double over coil artwork structure with landscape terrain that would be open to the public, alike to “ amazon sphere “ at Dopper in seattle. [ 121 ] laminitis Jeff Bezos comment that “ The natural beauty of a double coil displace constitute see throughout our global, from the geometry of our own deoxyribonucleic acid to the elemental form of galaxy, weather design, pine victimize, and seashell ”. [ 122 ] The Verge trace information technology american samoa resemble angstrom “ glass dope emoji embrace in corner. ” [ 123 ] on november twenty-six, 2021, the federal aviation agency complete information technology evaluation of the project construction and determine that the structure would not be ampere hazard to air traffic at nearby Ronald reagan washington national airport. [ 124 ] The arlington county board approved phase deuce, include the “ helix ” in april 2022. [ one hundred twenty-five ]
indiana march 2023, the company stay plan to develop the second phase of HQ2. [ 126 ]
address [edit ]
