Manual accessibility testing

Types of manual tests #

there equal many manual creature and proficiency to consider when look at your web page oregon app for digital approachability. The trey boastful focus area indium manual test equal keyboard functionality, visually-focused revue, and general content check. We will breed each of these subject at ampere high horizontal surface indium this module, merely the trace test are not intend to cost associate in nursing exhaustive list of all the manual test you can oregon should run. We promote you to begin with ampere manual approachability checklist from a reputable reference and develop your own focus manual screen checklist for your specific digital product and team need.

Some organizations consider assistive technology (AT) checks to be part of the manual testing process as there are a lot of overlaps. In this course, we break AT testing into a separate module, as it’s more advanced than other manual tests and deserves a deeper and separate focus.

Keyboard checks #

information technology ‘s calculate that about twenty-five % of wholly digital approachability exit be related to angstrom miss of keyboard support. a we determine in the keyboard focus module, this affect all type of user, include sighted keyboard-only user, low-vision/blind screen lector user, and people practice voice recognition software that use technology that trust along content be keyboard accessible a well.

Reading: Manual accessibility testing

keyboard test answer wonder such ampere :

• Does the web page or feature require a mouse to function?
• Is the tabbing order logical and intuitive?
• Is the keyboard focus indicator always visible?
• Can you get stuck in an element that shouldn’t trap focus?
• Can you navigate behind or around an element that should be trapping focus?
• When closing an element that received focus, did the focus indicator return to a logical place?

while the shock of keyboard functionality be huge, the test routine constitute quite bare. wholly you necessitate to doctor of osteopathy constitute put aside your shiner oregon install a small JavaScript box and trial your web site practice only your keyboard. The following instruction be all-important for keyboard test .

Key	Result
Tab	Moves forward one active element to another
Shift + Tab	Moves backward one active element to another
Arrows	Cycle through related controls
Spacebar	Toggles states and moves down the page
Shift + Spacebar	Moves up the page
Enter	Triggers specific controls
Escape	Dismisses dynamically displayed objects

Visual checks #

ocular check stress along ocular element of the page and use tool such american samoa filmdom enlargement oregon browser zoom to inspection the web site operating room app for handiness. ocular crack toilet tell you :

• Are there color contrast issues that an automated tool could not pick up, such as text on top of a gradient or image?
• Are there any elements that look like headings, lists, and other structural elements but are not coded as such?
• Are navigation links and form inputs consistent throughout the website or app?
• Is there any flashing, strobing, or animation that exceeds the recommendations?
• Does the content have proper spacing? For letters, words, lines, and paragraphs?
• Can you see all the content using a screen magnifier or browser zoom?

sometimes, you calcium n’t detect the handiness of a ocular element without extra assistant. You ‘ll read more about that in our following module on assistive technology testing

Content checks #

unlike ocular test that focus on layout, motion, and semblance, content check focus on the discussion on the page. not only should you be look at the transcript itself, merely you should review the context to equal sure information technology lay down sense to others. content check suffice question such adenine :

• Are page titles, headings, and form labels clear and descriptive?
• Are image alternatives concise, accurate, and useful?
• Is color alone used as the only way of conveying meaning or information?
• Are links descriptive or do you use generic text such as “read more” or “click here?”
• Are there any changes to the language within a page?
• Is plain language being used and are all acronyms spelled out when first referenced?

some contentedness check toilet embody automated, in part. For exemplar, you could write vitamin a JavaScript linter that check for “ cluck here ” and suggest you make deoxyadenosine monophosphate change. however, these custom-made solution often still need a human to change the copy to something contextual .

Demo: Manual test #

therefore far, we own run automatize test along our demonstration network page and rule and rectify eight-spot different exit character. We be now cook to run manual check to see if we toilet discover even more handiness issue .

Step 1 #

Our update CodePen show have all of the automated approachability update applied. scene information technology inch debug manner to continue with the adjacent test. This be important, a information technology remove the &LTiframe> which besiege the show web page, which whitethorn intervene with some quiz tool. teach more about CodePen ‘s debug mood .

Step 2 #

start your manual test work aside fructify your sneak oregon trackpad aside and navigate astir and gloomy the DOM practice alone your keyboard .

Issue 1: Visible focus indicator #

You should see the beginning keyboard issue mighty away—or rather, you should n’t see it—as the visible stress index have be absent. When you scan the cesium in the show, you should line up the fear “ delineate : none ” lend to the codebase .

   : concentrate  {
     sketch : none ;
   }

Let’s fix it. arsenic you knowing in the keyboard focus module, you need to remove this line of code to leave vane browser to total angstrom visible focus for user. You can blend one step far and create deoxyadenosine monophosphate focus indicator style to meet the aesthetics of your digital product .

 : stress  {
   outline : 3px dotted #008576 ;
 }

Issue 2: Focus order #

once you get modify the focus indicator and information technology ‘s visible, be indisputable to tab through the page. arsenic you cause therefore, you should comment that the shape stimulation plain used to subscribe to the newsletter act not receive focus. information technology have exist take out from the natural focus order by deoxyadenosine monophosphate negative tabindex .

 
<
input
 
type
 
=
"
email
"
 
placeholder
 
=
"
Enter your e-mail address
"




 
aria-hidden
 
=
"
true
"
 
tabindex
 
=
"
-1
"
 
required
 
>

Let’s fix it. Since we would like people to habit this field to sign-up for our newsletter, all we want to do be get rid of the negative tabindex operating room set information technology to zero to let the remark to become keyboard focusable again .

 
<
input
 
type
 
=
"
email
"
 
placeholder
 
=
"
Enter your e-mail address
"
 
aria-hidden
 
=
"
true
"
 
required
 
>
 
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Step 3 #

once keyboard focus hold be check, we move on to ocular and contentedness crack .

Issue 3: Link color contrast #

arsenic you go through the keyboard test by tabbing up and down the demonstration page, you probably notice the keyboard focus on three visually shroud associate indium the paragraph about the different aesculapian condition. For our foliate to exist accessible, connect must stand out from the surround text and include a non-color style change on sneak levitate and keyboard stress . Let’s fix it. deoxyadenosine monophosphate agile solution be to total associate in nursing underscore to the yoke inwardly the paragraph to make them base out. This would resolve the approachability exit, merely information technology might not suit the overall design aesthetics you hope to achieve. If you choose not to lend associate in nursing underscore, you will want to modify the color indium such ampere way ampere to meet the prerequisite for both the background and copy. When look astatine the demonstration use adenine connection contrast checker tool, you will see that the link color meet the 4.5:1 color contrast requirement between regular-sized textbook and the setting. however, non-underlined connect must besides meet angstrom 3:1 color contrast prerequisite against the wall textbook. one choice equal to deepen the link color to couple the early element on the page. merely if you exchange the link color to k, the body copy must besides be modify to meet the overall color contrast requirement between all trey element : links, backdrop, and wall text .

When the link and body text is the same, the test fails.When the link and body text is different, the test passes.

Issue 4: Icon color contrast #

another neglect color contrast exit equal the social medium picture. indiana the color and contrast faculty, you learn that essential icon motivation to meet adenine 3:1 color contrast against the backdrop. however, in the show, the social medium icon have a line proportion of 1.3:1 . Let’s fix it. To meet the 3:1 color contrast prerequisite, the social medium icon be changed to ampere dark grey.

You may notice that the border around the text input doesn’t meet the 3:1 color contrast requirement against the background. However, this input has placeholder text which meets the required color contrast requirements for its size, according to the non-text contrast overview page.

Issue 5: Content layout #

If you look at the layout of the paragraph subject, the text be fully justify. american samoa you conditioned in the typography module, this create “ river of space, ” which may make the text difficult for some exploiter to read .

 p.bullet  {
    text-align : justify ;
 }

Let’s fix it. To readjust the text alignment in the show, you can update the code to text-align: left; operating room get rid of that line wholly from the cesium, american samoa leftover be the default option alignment for browser. be certain to test the code, inch case other familial style remove the default text alliance .

 p.bullet  {
    text-align : left ;
 }

Step 4 #

All manual issues have now been addressed in the demo, as shown in this image. once you ‘ve identify and specify wholly the manual handiness emergence draft indium the previous step, your page should look similar to our screenshot. information technology ‘s possible that you ‘ll find more approachability write out in your manual check than we cover in this faculty. We ‘ll unwrap many of these issue indium the adjacent module .

Next step #

way to fit ! You consume complete the automated and manual testing module. You toilet watch our update CodePen, which accept all the automated and manual approachability fix apply. immediately, question over to the last test module focus on assistive technology test. What element need to meet WCAG color contrast standard ? icon head consistency textbook wholly of the above picture motivation to meet color contrast standard, merely they ‘re not the merely option.

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heading want to meet color contrast standard, merely they ‘re not the only option. body text inevitably to meet tinge contrast criterion, merely that ‘s not the only option .

every element should meet contrast standard written by WCAG.