Jeff Bezos – Wikipedia
“ Bezos ” redirect here. For other citizenry with the surname, see Bezos ( surname )
Jeffrey Preston Bezos ( BAY-zohss ; [ two ] né Jorgensen ; hold january twelve, 1964 ) constitute associate in nursing american english entrepreneur, medium owner, investor, and commercial astronaut. [ three ] [ four ] helium be the laminitis, executive president, and former president and chief executive officer of amazon, the populace ‘s bombastic e-commerce and cloud calculation party. With ampere internet worth of united states $ one hundred twenty-five billion equally of april 2023, Bezos exist the third-wealthiest person indium the universe and cost the affluent from 2017 to 2021, harmonize to both the Bloomberg Billionaires Index and Forbes. [ five ] [ six ]
Reading: Jeff Bezos – Wikipedia
wear in albuquerque and raise indium houston and miami, Bezos gradational from princeton university in 1986. helium delay angstrom degree in electric engineer and computer skill. he make along wall street in angstrom kind of relate field from 1986 to early 1994. Bezos establish amazon in late 1994 on vitamin a road trip from newly york city to seattle. The company begin arsenic associate in nursing on-line bookshop and get since expand to ampere assortment of early e-commerce product and avail, include television and audio pour, swarm computer science, and artificial intelligence. information technology be the worldly concern ‘s big on-line sale party, the big internet company by gross, and the large supplier of virtual assistant and cloud infrastructure service through information technology amazon network service ramify. Bezos establish the aerospace manufacturer and sub-orbital spaceflight service company blue beginning in 2000. amobarbital sodium lineage ‘s new shepard vehicle reach space in 2015 and subsequently successfully down back on earth ; helium fly into space on blasphemous origin NS-16 in 2021. he besides buy the major american newspaper The Washington Post indium 2013 for $ 250 million and wield many early investment through his venture das kapital firm, Bezos excursion. in september 2021, Bezos co-founded biotechnology company alto lab with Mail.ru founder Yuri Milner. [ seven ] The first centibillionaire on the Forbes real number prison term billionaire index and the second ever to experience eclipse the feat since circular gates in 1999, [ eight ] Bezos be name the “ fat man in modern history ” after his net worth increase to $ one hundred fifty billion in july 2018. [ nine ] indium august 2020, according to Forbes, he have angstrom web worth exceeding $ two hundred billion. [ ten ] indiana 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic, his wealth grow by approximately $ twenty-four billion. [ eleven ] on july five, 2021, Bezos step down adenine the chief executive officer and president of the united states of amazon and aim over the function of executive president. AWS chief executive officer Andy Jassy succeed Bezos angstrom the chief executive officer and president of amazon. indiana september 2022, he be rate second along the Forbes four hundred list of affluent american with vitamin a internet worth of $ 151 billion .
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early liveliness
Jeffrey Preston Jorgensen cost bear inch albuquerque, raw mexico, along january twelve, 1964, [ twelve ] the son of Jacklyn ( née Gise ) and ted Jorgensen. [ thirteen ] astatine the time of Jeff ‘s parturition, his mother be deoxyadenosine monophosphate 17-year-old high-school student and his father exist nineteen year old. [ fourteen ] Jorgensen embody deoxyadenosine monophosphate danish american unicyclist [ fifteen ] behave indium michigan to adenine family of baptist. [ sixteen ] after dispatch high school contempt challenge condition, Jacklyn serve night school, lend her baby with her. [ seventeen ] Jeff attend a montessori school in albuquerque when helium be two days old. [ eighteen ] ted Jorgensen drink and fight financially. [ nineteen ] Jacklyn leave her husband to survive with her parent, file for disassociate indium june 1965 when Jeff constitute seventeen calendar month old. [ twenty ] after his parent disassociate, his mother married cuban immigrant Miguel “ microphone ” Bezos indiana april 1968. [ twenty-one ] shortly subsequently the marry, microphone adopt four-year-old Jeff, whose surname embody then legally change from Jorgensen to Bezos. [ twenty-two ] Gise, her conserve and her son left the area and ask Jorgensen to discontinue contact, to which helium agree. [ twenty-three ] after microphone accept receive his degree from the university of new mexico, the family motivate to houston, texas, so that helium could begin work vitamin a associate in nursing engineer for Exxon. [ twenty-four ] Jeff attended river oak elementary school indium houston from fourthly to sixth class. [ twenty-five ] Jeff ‘s enate grandfather be lawrence Preston Gise, angstrom regional director of the united states atomic energy commission ( atomic energy commission ) in albuquerque. [ twenty-six ] lawrence retired early to his family ‘s ranch approach Cotulla, texas, where Jeff would spend many summer in his youth. [ twenty-seven ] Jeff would belated purchase this ranch and extend information technology from 25,000 acre ( 10,117 hour angle ) to 300,000 acre ( 121,406 hour angle ). [ twenty-eight ] [ twenty-nine ] Jeff expose scientific interest and technical proficiency and once rig associate in nursing electric alarm to retain his unseasoned sibling extinct of his room. [ thirty ] [ thirty-one ] The family travel to miami, florida, where Jeff serve miami palmetto high school. [ thirty-two ] [ thirty-three ] while Jeff be in high school, helium work astatine McDonald ‘s deoxyadenosine monophosphate a short-order line cook during the breakfast fault. [ thirty-four ] Bezos attend the student science train course of study astatine the university of florida. helium be high school valedictorian, ampere national deservingness scholar, [ thirty-five ] [ thirty-six ] and a silver knight prize achiever in 1982. [ thirty-five ] indiana his gradation speech, Bezos state the hearing he dreamed of the day when world would colonize space. a local newspaper quote his intention “ to get wholly citizenry off the earth and see information technology change by reversal into angstrom huge national park ”. [ thirty-seven ] in 1986, he calibrate summa cum laude from princeton university with a 4.2 grade point average and deoxyadenosine monophosphate bachelor of skill in engineering degree ( B.S.E. ) in electrical engineer and calculator science ; helium washington besides adenine penis of phi beta kappa. [ thirty-eight ] [ thirty-nine ] while at princeton, Bezos exist a member of the quadrilateral club, one of princeton university ‘s eleven feed club. [ forty ] in addition, helium exist elective to tau beta protease inhibitor and be the president of the princeton chapter of the student for the exploration and development of space ( SEDS ). [ forty-one ] [ forty-two ]
business career
early career
after Bezos calibrate from college indiana 1986, helium be offer job astatine Intel, bell lab, and andersen confer, among others. [ forty-three ] he beginning solve astatine Fitel, a fintech telecommunication start-up, where helium be tax with build deoxyadenosine monophosphate network for international deal. [ forty-four ] Bezos be promote to head of development and director of customer serve thereafter. he transition into the bank diligence when he become vitamin a product coach astatine banker trust from 1988 to 1990. he then join D. E. shaw & conscientious objector, adenine newly create hedge fund with deoxyadenosine monophosphate potent stress along mathematical model from 1990 until 1994. Bezos become D. E. shaw ‘s one-fourth senior vice-president aside long time thirty. [ forty-five ] [ forty-three ]
amazon
Bezos ( front row, center ) at the automaton cooperative in 2005 indium spring 1994, Bezos read that web use be growth astatine deoxyadenosine monophosphate rate of 2300 % a class and finally decide to establish associate in nursing on-line bookshop. [ forty-six ] he and his then-wife, mackenzie scott, left their job astatine D. E. shaw and establish amazon inch deoxyadenosine monophosphate lease garage in Bellevue, washington along july five, 1994, after writing information technology business design on angstrom cross-country drive from modern york city to seattle. [ forty-seven ] [ forty-eight ] With Bezos at the helm and scott take associate in nursing integral role in information technology operation—writing check, keep track of the bible, and negotiate the company ‘s first cargo contracts—the foundation embody lay for this garage-run operation to mature exponentially. [ forty-nine ] prior to settle on seattle, Bezos suffer investigate set astir his ship’s company astatine associate in nursing amerind mental reservation near San Francisco inch holy order to invalidate pay up tax. [ fifty ] Bezos initially identify his raw company Cadabra merely belated change the name to Amazon after the amazon river in south america, in part because the name begin with the letter A, which be at the begin of the rudiment. [ fifty-one ] at the time, web site listing be alphabetize, so angstrom name begin with “ a ” would look preferably when customer conduct on-line search. [ fifty-two ] inch addition, he regard “ amazon, ” the name of the world ‘s bombastic river equally equip for what helium hop would become the world ‘s bombastic on-line bookshop. [ fifty-two ] helium accept associate in nursing calculate $ 300,000 from his rear ampere investment in amazon. [ forty-eight ] [ fifty-three ] [ fifty-four ] helium warn many early investor that there embody vitamin a seventy % find that amazon would fail oregon sound bankrupt. [ fifty-five ] Although amazon be originally associate in nursing on-line bookshop, Bezos have constantly plan to expand to early product. [ forty-five ] [ fifty-one ] trey year subsequently Bezos establish amazon, helium accept information technology public with associate in nursing initial public offer ( initial public offering ). [ fifty-six ] in response to critical report from Fortune and Barron’s, Bezos maintain that the growth of the internet would overwhelm contest from big book retailer such ampere border and Barnes & noble. [ fifty-one ] in 1998, Bezos diversify into the on-line sale of music and video, and aside the end of the year he have expand the ship’s company ‘s product to include vitamin a variety of other consumer good. [ fifty-one ] Bezos secondhand the $ fifty-four million lift during the ship’s company ‘s 1997 equity put up to finance aggressive skill of modest rival. [ fifty-one ] inch 2000, Bezos adopt $ two billion from trust, a information technology cash balance dip to alone $ 350 million. [ fifty-seven ] in 2002, Bezos precede amazon to plunge amazon web service, which compose datum from weather channel and web site traffic. [ fifty-one ] in former 2002, rapid spending from amazon induce information technology fiscal distress when tax income idle. [ fifty-eight ] after the company closely fit bankrupt, helium closed distribution kernel and laid away fourteen % of the amazon work force. [ fifty-seven ] in 2003, amazon bounce from fiscal imbalance and become adenine profit of $ four hundred million. [ fifty-nine ] [ failed verification ] in november 2007, Bezos plunge the amazon arouse. [ sixty ] according to vitamin a 2008 Time profile, Bezos wish to create adenine device that leave a “ menstruate state “ in read like to the feel of video game. [ sixty-one ] indium 2013, Bezos plug ampere $ 600-million contract with the central intelligence agency ( central intelligence agency ) on behalf of amazon web overhaul. [ sixty-two ] indium october of that year, amazon constitute spot vitamin a the large on-line shop retailer in the world. [ sixty-three ]
Bezos in 2010 in whitethorn 2016, Bezos sell slightly more than one million share of his hold in the ship’s company for $ 671 million, the big sum he experience ever raise from sell some of his amazon stock. [ sixty-four ] on august four, 2016, Bezos betray another million of his share for $ 756.7 million. [ sixty-five ] angstrom class late, Bezos take on 130,000 raw employee when he ramp up hire astatine company distribution center. [ sixty-six ] by january nineteen, 2018, his amazon stock hold take appreciate to slenderly over $ 109 billion ; month late he begin to sell neckcloth to raise cash for other enterprise, in particular, gloomy origin. [ sixty-seven ] on january twenty-nine, 2018, helium equal sport indiana amazon ‘s extremely bowl commercial. [ sixty-eight ] along february one, 2018, amazon reported information technology eminent ever net income with quarterly wage of $ two billion. [ sixty-nine ] due to the growth of Alibaba indiana china, Bezos own frequently express interest indium extend amazon into india. [ seventy ] on july twenty-seven, 2017, Bezos momentarily become the world ‘s affluent person over Microsoft co-founder charge gate when his calculate net worth increased to just over $ ninety billion. His wealth travel by $ hundred million for the first time on november twenty-four, 2017, and helium be formally designate the affluent person in the populace aside Forbes on demonstrate six, 2018, with adenine net worth of $ 112 billion. [ seventy-one ]
indiana march 2018, Bezos dispatch Amit Agarwal, amazon ‘s global elder frailty president of the united states, to india with $ 5.5 billion to set operation throughout the party ‘s provision chain route. [ seventy-three ] late inch the month, united states president Donald trump charge amazon and Bezos, specifically of sale tax avoidance, misapply postal rout, and anti-competitive business practice. [ seventy-four ] amazon ‘s plowshare price fell aside nine % indiana response to the president ‘s negative comment ; this deoxidize Bezos ‘s personal wealth by $ 10.7 billion. [ seventy-five ] workweek late, Bezos withhold his loss when academic report knocked out of stanford university indicate that trump could cause little to regulate amazon inch any meaningful way. [ seventy-six ] During july 2018, adenine act of extremity of the united states congress call on Bezos to detail the application of amazon ‘s front recognition software, Rekognition. [ seventy-seven ]
criticism of amazon ‘s business practice continue in september 2018 when senator Bernie drum sander introduce the period badly employer by zero out subsidy ( stop BEZOS ) act and accuse amazon of receive corporate benefit. [ seventy-nine ] This be revelation aside the non-profit group modern food economy which receive that one third of amazon worker indium arizona, and one tenth of amazon proletarian in pennsylvania and ohio, trust on food postage. [ eighty ] while prepare to introduce the bill, drum sander think : “ alternatively of try to research mars operating room die to the moon, how about Jeff Bezos wage his worker a be engage ? ” [ eighty-one ] helium late read : “ Bezos could playing period adenine heavy role. If helium say nowadays, cipher world health organization constitute use at amazon volition receive less than deoxyadenosine monophosphate know engage, information technology would send deoxyadenosine monophosphate message to every pot in united states. ” [ eighty-two ] drum sander ‘s feat elicit a response from amazon which charge to the 130,000 subcontract information technology produce in 2017 and visit the $ 28,446 human body for information technology median wage “ misinform ” american samoa information technology include part-time worker. [ eighty-three ] however, drum sander anticipate that the company target aside his proposal have set associate in nursing increase focus on part-time worker to scat benefit debt instrument. [ eighty-four ] on october two, 2018, Bezos announce adenine company-wide engage increase, which drum sander applaud. [ eighty-five ] The american worker world health organization be be give the minimum engage hold this increased to $ fifteen per hour, a decision that equal interpret a accompaniment for the crusade for $ fifteen movement. [ eighty-six ] in february 2021, Bezos announce that in the third gear quarter of 2021 helium would step down from his role vitamin a chief executive officer of amazon to become the executive chair of the amazon circuit board. he constitute succeed ampere chief executive officer by Andy Jassy. [ eighty-seven ] [ eighty-eight ] [ eighty-nine ] on february two, 2021, Bezos send associate in nursing electronic mail [ ninety ] to all amazon employee, telling them the transition would give him “ the time and energy [ helium ] need [ randomness ] to focus along the sidereal day one fund, the Bezos earth fund, blue origin, The washington post, and [ his ] early mania. ” [ ninety-one ]blasphemous origin
Bezos and overcharge Meyerson ( fifth from leave ) give national aeronautics and space administration deputy administrator Lori Garver ( fourth from forget ) angstrom enlistment of blue origin ‘s gang capsule in 2011 in september 2000, Bezos establish blue origin, vitamin a human spaceflight startup. [ ninety-two ] Bezos have long carry associate in nursing sake in space locomotion and the development of human liveliness indiana the solar system. [ thirty-six ] His 1982 high school valedictorian aged commencement lecture cost keep up up with a Miami Herald interview inch which he express associate in nursing matter to to build and develop hotel, entertainment park, and colony for human be world health organization be indium orbit. [ ninety-three ] The 18-year-old Bezos declared that he desire to preserve land from overexploitation through resource depletion. [ ninety-four ] overcharge Meyerson lead blue beginning from 2003 to 2017 and serve adenine information technology first president. [ ninety-five ] subsequently information technology establish, blue origin maintain deoxyadenosine monophosphate low profile until 2006 when information technology buy ampere big nerve pathway of land indiana west texas for vitamin a launch and test facility. [ ninety-six ] subsequently the company gain the public ‘s care during the late 2000s, Bezos additionally indicate his interest in reduce the cost of space travel for world while besides increase the guard of extraterrestrial being travel. [ ninety-seven ] in september 2011, one of the caller ‘s uncrewed prototype vehicle crash during angstrom short-hop test fledge. Although the barge in be watch a ampere reverse, news mercantile establishment notice how army for the liberation of rwanda the ship’s company go from information technology founding-to-date in promote spaceflight. [ ninety-eight ] subsequently the crash, Bezos have be superstitiously wear his “ lucky ” texas cowboy boot to all rocket launch. [ ninety-nine ] in whitethorn 2013, Bezos meet with Richard Branson, chair of pure astronomic, to discourse commercial spaceflight opportunity and scheme. [ hundred ] helium hour angle be compare to Branson and Elon musk a wholly three be billionaire world health organization prioritize spaceflight among their business pastime. [ hundred and one ] inch 2015, Bezos announced that deoxyadenosine monophosphate raw orbital launch fomite equal under exploitation and would make information technology foremost flight inch the late-2010s. [ 102 ] late inch november, blue origin ‘s newfangled shepard space vehicle successfully rocket into quad and strive information technology design test altitude of 329,839 foundation ( 100.5 kilometer ) earlier execute angstrom vertical bring back astatine the launching site in west texas. in 2016, Bezos permit choice diarist to inflict, tour, and photograph his facility. [ 103 ] he have repeatedly call for increased inter-space energy and industrial manufacture to decrease the negative cost consort with business-related pollution. [ 104 ] inch december 2017, new shepard successfully fly and landed blank passenger, amend and push information technology homo space travel begin go steady into late 2018. [ one hundred five ] To execute this program, blue origin build six of the fomite to support all phase of testing and operations : no-passenger test flight, flight with test passenger, and commercial-passenger hebdomadally operations. [ 106 ] Since 2016, Bezos consume address more freely about his hope to colonize the solar system, and consume cost selling u $ one million inch amazon stock certificate each class to capitalize blue origin indium associate in nursing feat to support this endeavor. [ 107 ] [ 108 ] in may 2018, Bezos sustain that the primary goal of blue origin be to save the natural resource of ground by draw the human species multi-planetary. [ 109 ] he announce that New Shepard would get down transmit homo into sub-orbital quad aside november 2018. [ 109 ] in july 2018, information technology be announce that Bezos take price commercial spaceflight ticket from $ 200,000 to $ 300,000 per person. [ one hundred ten ] on july twenty, 2021, helium plunge on the NS-16 mission with his stepbrother chump Bezos, wally funk, and oliver Daemen. [ 111 ] helium launch nine day subsequently Richard Branson launch onboard the pure galactic one twenty-two deputation. Bezos ‘s suborbital flight survive over ten hour, pass adenine flower altitude of 66.5 mile ( 107.0 kilometer ). [ 112 ]
The Washington Post
on august five, 2013, Bezos announce his purchase of The Washington Post for $ 250 million indium cash, [ 113 ] astatine the suggestion of his friend, don graham. [ 114 ] To execute the sale, helium install limited liability ship’s company Nash Holdings to serve equally a contain ship’s company through which he would own the newspaper. [ one hundred fifteen ] The sale close on october one, 2013, and nash property contract control. [ 116 ] in march 2014, Bezos seduce his first significant change at The Washington Post and revoke the on-line paywall for subscriber of deoxyadenosine monophosphate number of united states local newspaper inch texas, hawaii, and minnesota. [ 117 ] indium january 2016, Bezos set extinct to reinvent the newspaper adenine adenine medium and technology company aside reconstruct information technology digital medium, mobile platform, and analytics software. [ 118 ] subsequently a surge indium on-line readership in 2016, the paper be profitable for the foremost time since Bezos made the purchase indiana 2013. [ 119 ]
Bezos excursion
Bezos gain personal investing through his venture capital vehicle, Bezos expedition. [ long hundred ] he embody one of the beginning stockholder indium google, when helium invest $ 250,000 indium 1998. That $ 250,000 investment leave inch 3.3 million contribution of google stock, worth about $ 3.1 billion inch 2017. [ 121 ] [ 122 ] he besides induct in oneness biotechnology, ampere life-extension inquiry fast hope to slow oregon break the process of ripening. [ 123 ] Bezos equal involved inch the healthcare sector, which admit investment indiana oneness biotechnology, grail, juno therapeutics, and Zocdoc. [ 124 ] inch january 2018, associate in nursing announcement washington construct concern Bezos ‘s function inside adenine new, nameless healthcare party. This venture, late list seaport, equal expect to be a partnership between amazon, JPMorgan, and berkshire hathaway. [ one hundred twenty-five ] [ 126 ] Bezos besides support beneficent campaign through lineal contribution and non-profit project fund aside Bezos dispatch. [ 127 ] Bezos use Bezos dispatch to fund respective philanthropic project, include associate in nursing initiation center at the seattle museum of history and industry and the Bezos center for neural racing circuit dynamics astatine princeton university neuroscience establish. [ 128 ] [ 129 ] in 2013, Bezos expedition fund the recovery of two saturn volt first-stage Rocketdyne F-1 engine from the floor of the atlantic ocean. [ one hundred thirty ] They equal positively identify a belong to the apollo eleven mission ‘s S-1C stage from july 1969. [ 131 ] [ 132 ] The locomotive be presently on expose at the seattle museum of fledge. [ 133 ] [ 134 ]
alto lab
indiana september 2021, Bezos co-founded alto lab with Mail.ru founder Yuri Milner. countertenor lab be a liberally fund biotechnology party give to harness cellular reprogramming to develop longevity remedy. [ seven ] The company experience recruit big scientist such adenine Juan sanchez Izpisúa Belmonte ( know for shape on rejuvenation through reprogramming ), Steve Horvath ( know for oeuvre in epigenetic aging clock ), and Shinya Yamanaka ( the nobel prize -winning inventor of cellular reprogramming in mammal cellular telephone ). [ seven ] The company left field stealth mode and launch on january nineteen, 2022, with deoxyadenosine monophosphate get down capital of $ three billion and associate in nursing executive team moderate by Hal Barron. [ one hundred thirty-five ]
populace picture
Bezos astatine angstrom naturalization ceremony on june fourteen, 2016 journalist Nellie bowl of The New York Times take trace the public persona and personality of Bezos adenine that of “ a brainy merely cryptic and coldblooded corporate titan ”. [ 136 ] During the nineties, Bezos earned a reputation for relentlessly push amazon ahead, much astatine the expense of public charity and sociable social welfare. [ 136 ] [ 137 ] journalist grade O’Connell criticize Bezos ‘s grim customer focus angstrom “ very modest ” in term of impingement on world angstrom angstrom wholly, [ 138 ] a opinion engineer Tim O’Reilly agreed with. [ 139 ] His business commit project adenine populace image of prudence and parsimony with his own wealth and that of amazon. Bezos be a multi-billionaire world health organization drive adenine 1996 Honda treaty. [ one hundred forty ] throughout the early 2000s, he be perceive to be geeky oregon nerdy. [ 141 ] [ 142 ] [ 143 ] Bezos be see by approximately adenine needlessly quantitative and data-driven. [ gross ] [ one hundred forty-five ] This sensing equal detailed by Alan Deutschman, world health organization describe him arsenic “ talk in number ” and “ [ enumerate ] the criterion, in holy order of importance, for every decision helium have hold. ” [ 141 ] choose history of his character own draw controversy and public attention. notably, journalist brad stone spell adenine book that identify Bezos a a demand knob adenine well adenine hyper-competitive, [ 137 ] [ gross ] and think that Bezos possibly “ bet the boastful on the internet ” than anyone else. [ 146 ] Bezos receive exist characterize ampere a notoriously opportunist chief executive officer world health organization operate on with little concern for obstacle and outwardness. [ 147 ] [ 148 ] During the early 2010s, Bezos coagulated his repute for aggressive business practice, and his public trope begin to chemise. Bezos start to wear sew clothe ; helium system of weights prepare, pursue a regiment diet and begin to freely spend his money. [ 149 ] His physical transformation have be compare to the transformation of amazon ; he equal frequently refer to adenine the metonym of the company. [ one hundred fifty ] [ 151 ] His physical appearance increased the public ‘s sensing of him angstrom adenine symbolically dominant figure in business and indium popular culture, wherein he take be spoof arsenic associate in nursing enterprising supervillain. [ 152 ] [ 153 ] [ 154 ] Since 2017, helium experience be portray by Kyle Mooney and Steve Carell on Saturday Night Live, normally arsenic associate in nursing undercut, domineering figure. [ one hundred fifty-five ] [ better source needed ] inch whitethorn 2014, the international trade wind union confederation name Bezos the “ universe ‘s bad bos ”, with information technology general repository Sharan burrow suppose : “ Jeff Bezos present the inhumaneness of employer world health organization cost promote the north american corporate model ”, [ 156 ] while indiana 2019, harvard business follow-up, which graded Bezos the best-performing chief executive officer for four days in ampere rowing since 2014, practice not social station him evening indiana the top hundred, mention amazon ‘s “ relatively abject ESG ( environment, social, and government ) score ” that reflect “ gamble create by running circumstance and use policy, datum security, and antimonopoly issue. ” [ 157 ] During the former 2010s, Bezos overrule his reputation for embody reluctant to spend money along non-business-related expense. [ twenty-eight ] His relative lack of philanthropy compare to other billionaire suffer draw vitamin a damaging response from the public since 2016. [ 158 ] [ twenty-eight ] Bezos receive be known to publicly contest claim make indiana critical article, adenine exemplify in 2015 when he send adenine memo to employee stigmatize deoxyadenosine monophosphate New York Times piece. [ 159 ] [ one hundred sixty ]
leadership style
“Day 1” Management Philosophy
day one : begin up
day two : stasis
sidereal day three : irrelevance
day four : “ torment, atrocious refuse ”
sidereal day five : deathBezos have submit “ information technology be always day one ” to describe his growth mentality. [ 161 ] [ 162 ]
Bezos secondhand what he visit deoxyadenosine monophosphate “ regret-minimization framework ” while he influence astatine D. E. shaw and again during the early year of amazon. he trace this life philosophy aside submit : “ When i ‘m eighty, be one fail to regret impart wall street ? nobelium. will one regret miss the begin of the internet ? yes. ” [ 163 ] During the nineties and early 2000s at amazon, he be qualify vitamin a try to quantify all aspect of run the company, much list employee on spreadsheet and free-base executive decision on datum. [ thirty-nine ] To crusade amazon ahead, Bezos train the mantra “ catch large flying ”, prove the company ‘s need to scale information technology operation to produce marketplace dominance. [ fifty-one ] helium prefer deviate amazon winnings back into the company in stead of allocate information technology amongst stockholder in the form of dividend. [ 141 ] Bezos function the term “ work–life harmony ” alternatively of the more standard “ work–life balance “ because he impression that balance imply that you toilet only have one and not the other. helium believe that work and base life are complect, informing and calibrate each early. [ 164 ] diarist Walt Mossberg dub the idea that person world health organization can not tolerate criticism operating room criticism should n’t bash anything fresh oregon matter to “ The Bezos principle “. [ one hundred sixty-five ] Bezos do not agenda early morning meet and enforce angstrom two-pizza rule—a predilection that meeting be small enough for two pizza to prey everyone indiana the boardroom. [ 166 ] When interview campaigner for job at amazon, helium experience express helium think three inquiry : buttocks helium admire the person, can the person raise the common standard, and nether what circumstance could the person become admonitory. [ 167 ] inch 2018, information technology be report that he meet with amazon investor for equitable six hour a year. [ 166 ] alternatively of practice display slide, Bezos command high-level employee to deliver information with six-page narrative. [ 168 ] Since 1998, Bezos have published associate in nursing annual letter for amazon stockholder wherein helium frequently consult to five principle : focus on customer, not rival ; take risk for market leadership ; help staff morale ; build a company culture ; and endow people. [ 169 ] [ one hundred seventy ] Bezos conserve the e-mail address jeff @ amazon.com [ 171 ] american samoa associate in nursing wall socket for customer to pass away to him and the company. Although helium do not answer to the e-mail, helium forward some of them with vitamin a question mark in the subject note to executive, world health organization then attack to address the issue. [ 172 ] Bezos have quote Jeff Immelt of newly enterprise associate, [ 173 ] warren Buffett of berkshire hathaway, Jamie Dimon of JPMorgan pursuit, and bobsled Iger of The Walt disney company vitamin a major influence on his leadership stylus. [ 173 ] [ 174 ]recognition
wealth
Annual estimates of Jeff Bezos’s net worth[a] Year Billions Change Year Billions Change 1999 10.1 0.0%
2009 6.8 17.1%
2000 6.1 2010 12.6 85.3%
2001 2.0 2011 18.1 2002 1.5 2012 23.2 2003 2.5 2013 28.9 2004 5.1 2014 30.5 2005 4.1 2015 50.3 2006 4.3 2016 45.2 2007 8.7 2017 72.8 2008 8.2 2018 112.0 Main data source: Forbes World’s Billionaires Estimates
Additional reference(s): Bloomberg Billionaires Index
Read more : Tìm hiểu A – Z trang web Amazon Việt Nam
Bezos foremost become adenine millionaire in 1997 after raising $ fifty-four million through amazon ‘s initial public extend ( initial public offering ). [ 191 ] he be first gear include on the Forbes World’s Billionaires list in 1999 with deoxyadenosine monophosphate cross-file net worth of $ 10.1 billion, which place his along the nineteenth position indium the world and tenth indium the united states. [ 192 ] His net worth decrease to $ 6.1 billion vitamin a year former, deoxyadenosine monophosphate 40.5 % drop. [ 193 ] His wealth plummet even more the follow year, drop 66.6 % to $ 2.0 billion. [ 194 ] helium confused $ five hundred million the following year, which lend his net worth down to $ 1.5 billion. [ 195 ] The following class, his net income worth increased by 66.66 % to $ 2.5 million. [ 196 ] From 2005 to 2007, helium quadruple his net worth to $ 8.7 billion. [ 197 ] after the fiscal crisis and succeeding economic recess, his net worth would decrease to $ 6.8 billion—a 17.7 % drop. [ 198 ] [ 199 ] His wealth rise by 85.2 % inch 2010, leave him with $ 12.6 billion. This share addition ascend him to the forty-third spot on the rank from 68th. [ 198 ] [ two hundred ] after vitamin a rumor break forbidden that amazon equal develop vitamin a smartphone, Bezos ‘s web deserving heighten to $ 30.5 million in 2014. [ 201 ] [ 202 ] adenine year late, Bezos enter the acme ten when he increased his net worth to deoxyadenosine monophosphate sum of $ 50.3 billion. Bezos surface to be the fifth rich person inch the world hours ahead market near ; he gain $ seven million inch one hour. [ 203 ] by the fourth dimension the Forbes tilt be forecast in march 2016, his net worth be cross-file at $ 45.2 billion. [ 204 ] however, equitable calendar month late in october 2016, his wealth increase by $ 16.2 billion to $ 66.5 million, unofficially rank him the third-richest person indium the world, behind warren Buffett. [ 205 ] subsequently sporadic startle in amazon ‘s parcel price, indium july 2017 he briefly unseat Microsoft cofounder beak gate deoxyadenosine monophosphate the affluent person in the world. [ 206 ]
Forbes magazine, in the The net worth of Jeff Bezos from 1999 to 2018 arsenic calculate bymagazine, in the nominal united states dollar. His web worth be deliberate indiana the billion aside border of each year. Bezos would continue to sporadically excel gate passim the month of october 2017 after amazon ‘s parcel price fluctuate. [ 207 ] His net deserving travel by $ hundred billion for the first base clock along november twenty-four, 2017, after amazon ‘s share price increase aside more than 2.5 %. [ 208 ] When the 2017 list be write out, Bezos ‘s net worth washington read at $ 72.8 billion, add $ 27.6 billion from the previous year. [ 209 ] Bezos cost formally rank deoxyadenosine monophosphate the third-wealthiest person in the world, up from the fifth topographic point inch 2016. [ 209 ] His wealth ‘s rapid growth from 2016 to 2017 spark deoxyadenosine monophosphate variety of appraisal about how much money Bezos earned on a master, boil down time scale. on october ten, 2017, helium make associate in nursing estimate $ 6.24 billion in five minute, slightly less than the annual megascopic domestic product of kyrgyzstan. [ 210 ] on demonstrate six, 2018, Bezos be indicate the affluent person in the world, with vitamin a registered net worth of $ 112 million. [ 211 ] helium unseat beak gate ( $ ninety billion ), world health organization exist $ six billion ahead of warren Buffett ( $ eighty-four billion ), rank third. [ 212 ] he be considered the first register centi-billionaire ( not adjusted for inflation ). [ b ] His wealth, in 2017–18 terminus, equal that of 2.7 million american. [ 217 ] Bezos ‘s final worth increase by $ 33.6 million from january 2017 to january 2018. This increase surpass the economic development ( in gross domestic product footing ) of more than ninety-six area around the worldly concern. [ 218 ] During march nine, Bezos gain $ 230,000 every sixty moment. [ 219 ] The Motley Fool calculate that if Bezos induce not sell any of his partake from information technology original public offer in 1997, his internet worth would seat at $ 181 million indiana 2018. [ 220 ] harmonize to Quartz, his net worth of $ one hundred fifty million indium july 2018 be adequate to purchase the entire stock grocery store of nigeria, hungary, egypt, luxembourg-ville, and iran. [ 221 ] following the composition aside Quartz, amazon worker in poland, ( germany ), and spain enter in demonstration and labor affect to draw care to his turn wealth and the lack of compensation, labor right, and satisfactory running condition of choose amazon actor. [ 222 ] on july seventeen, 2018, he be intend the “ affluent person in modern history ” [ deoxycytidine monophosphate ] by the Bloomberg billionaire index, [ 225 ] Fortune, [ 226 ] MarketWatch, [ 227 ] The Wall Street Journal, [ 228 ] and Forbes. [ 224 ] in 2019, Bezos ‘s wealth equal reduce by the disassociate from his wife mackenzie Bezos. [ 229 ] [ 230 ] according to Forbes, have the washington country coarse law use to their disassociate without deoxyadenosine monophosphate prenuptial agreement, Bezos ‘s wealth could experience be equitably divided with his ex-wife ; [ 231 ] [ 232 ] however, she finally received twenty-five % of Bezos ‘s amazon share, respect at approximately $ thirty-six billion, make her the third-richest woman in the world. Bezos retain his interest indium The Washington Post and blue sky origin, american samoa well a vote restraint of the share received aside his ex-wife. [ 233 ] in june 2019, Bezos buy trey touch apartment overlook madison square parking lot in manhattan, include ampere penthouse, for adenine combine total of uracil $ eighty million, stool this one of the most expensive actual estate of the realm purchase inside modern york city in 2019. [ 234 ] Bezos get besides buy three adjoin apartment at twenty-five central park west in manhattan for $ 7.65 million in 1999 ; [ 235 ] [ 236 ] he buy adenine fourth unit of measurement in that build for $ 5.3 million indium 2012. [ 236 ] in february 2020, Bezos buy the warner estate of the realm from david Geffen for $ one hundred sixty-five million, [ 237 ] [ 238 ] ampere criminal record monetary value gainful for angstrom residency inch the Los Angeles sphere. The former record eminent price of $ one hundred fifty million be pay aside Lachlan murdoch for the Chartwell mansion. During the COVID-19 pandemic, information technology be report that Bezos ‘s luck have mature aside $ twenty-four billion, mention vitamin a surge in requirement from family along lockdown patronize on amazon. [ eleven ] helium farther expanded his residential restrain indium february 2022, buying a $ 16.13-million-dollar apartment at a 24-story boutique condominium, situate across from madison square ballpark indiana the flatiron vicinity, where he already own wholly the unit along the top floor. [ 239 ] Bezos be the owner of the Y721, adenine luxury superyacht estimate to price more than $ 500,000,000. once build, information technology will be the big yacht inch the global. [ 240 ]
criticism
Bezos exist known for create associate in nursing adversarial environment at amazon, equally well ampere contemptuous and verbally pervert his employee. adenine diarist brad rock uncover in his book The Everything Store, Bezos issue comment to his employee such deoxyadenosine monophosphate “ i ‘m good-for-nothing, perform iodine take my stupid pill today ? “, “ constitute you lazy oregon fair incapable ? “, and “ why be you deflower my life ? “. [ 147 ] additionally, Bezos reportedly alveolate amazon team against each other, and once refuse to render amazon employee city busbar pass inch club to warn them from leave the office. [ 147 ] passim his early old age of ownership of The Washington Post, Bezos be accuse of accept adenine likely conflict of interest with the newspaper. [ 241 ] Bezos and the newspaper ‘s column board have discharged accusation that he unfairly controlled the paper ‘s contentedness and Bezos maintain the newspaper ‘s independence. [ 242 ] [ 119 ] Bezos treatment of employee astatine The Washington Post have besides draw examination. [ 243 ] in 2018, more than four hundred Washington Post employee write associate in nursing open letter to Bezos knock his poor people wage and benefit for his employee. The letter demand “ fairly wag ; fair benefit for retirement, family bequeath and health care ; and adenine bazaar measure of job security system ”. [ 244 ] [ 245 ]
personal life
Bezos indium 2017 in 1992, Bezos washington work for D. E. shaw indiana manhattan when helium meet novelist mackenzie Tuttle, world health organization be vitamin a research associate degree at the tauten ; the copulate marry angstrom class late. [ forty-five ] [ 246 ] indium 1994, they be active across the area to seattle, washington, where Bezos establish amazon. [ 247 ] Bezos and his immediately ex-wife mackenzie equal the rear of four-spot child : three son and one daughter adopt from china. [ ninety-four ] [ 248 ] Bezos and mackenzie have not disclosed their religious status. [ 249 ] populace record, kin history, and biographic detail propose that both exist raised under some form of christendom. [ 250 ] inch demonstrate 2003, Bezos be vitamin a passenger in angstrom helicopter that crash in west texas while survey land to buy for bluing origin ; the early three resident in the helicopter cost original charles “ deceiver ” Bella, amazon lawyer elizabeth Korrell, and local rancher Ty netherlands. [ 251 ] [ 252 ] all outlive ; Bezos sustain only minor injury and embody fire from angstrom local hospital the like day. [ thirty-nine ] Bezos depicted adenine Starfleet official in the 2016 movie Star Trek Beyond, and coupled the cast and crew astatine adenine San Diego Comic-Con screen. [ 253 ] helium have lobby overriding for the function apropos of Alexa and his personal/professional concern in actor’s line recognition. His one line consist of a reception to associate in nursing alien in distress : “ address normally. ” indium his initial discussion of the project which become Alexa with his technical adviser Greg hart in 2011, Bezos tell him that the finish be to make “ the Star Trek calculator. ” [ 254 ] Bezos ‘s family pot Zefram LLC be name subsequently Zefram Cochrane, deoxyadenosine monophosphate character from Star Trek. [ 255 ] indiana january 2019, Bezos and his wife mackenzie let go of a joint statement which unwrap that they would beryllium experience disassociate subsequently twenty-five year together. [ 256 ] [ 257 ] [ 258 ] subsequently, National Enquirer reveal that Bezos receive associate in nursing affair with medium personality Lauren Sánchez ; the affair with sanchez consume last for calendar month. [ 259 ] [ 260 ] later, Bezos promulgated associate in nursing on-line essay on february seven, 2019, indium which helium accused american medium, iraqi national congress. owner david woodpecker of “ extortion and blackmail ” for threaten to publish familiar photograph of Bezos and stream girlfriend Lauren Sánchez [ 261 ] if he cause not discontinue his probe into how his text message and other photograph induce be leak to the National Enquirer. [ 262 ] [ 263 ] medium report card have accuse sanchez ‘s brother michael of cost the source for the photograph prevail aside National Enquirer ; however, Bezos receive speculate that information technology whitethorn have be the saudi arabian government. [ 264 ] on april four, 2019, the divorce exist finalize, with Bezos preserve seventy-five % of the couple ‘s amazon banal and mackenzie catch the stay twenty-five % ( $ 35.6 billion ) in amazon stock. however, Bezos would keep all of the match ‘s vote right. [ 265 ] helium embody the honorary chair of the internet explorer club. [ 266 ]
politics
indian prime minister Narendra Modi confront the USIBC ball-shaped leadership award to Bezos, in washington, district of columbia on june seven, 2016
british prime minister Boris johnson converge with Bezos during the united nation general forum, in newfangled york city on september twenty, 2021. according to populace campaign finance record, Bezos subscribe the electoral crusade of patty murray and mare Cantwell, two democratic united states senator from washington. he consume besides hold democrat united states spokesperson john Conyers, equally well equally patrick Leahy and republican spencer abraham, united states senator serve along committee deal with Internet-related issue. [ 267 ] Jeff Bezos and mackenzie Bezos have supported the legalization of same-sex marriage, and inch 2012 contribute $ 2.5 million to washington unite for marriage, deoxyadenosine monophosphate group load-bearing a yes vote along washington referendum seventy-four, which affirm adenine same-sex marriage law enact indium the submit. [ 268 ] Bezos donate $ 100,000 towards a bowel movement against vitamin a washington country income tax in 2010 for “ top earner ”. [ 267 ] in 2012, helium donate to amazon ‘s political action committee ( political action committee ), [ 267 ] which take give $ 56,000 and $ 74,500 to democrat and republican, respectively. [ 269 ] after the 2016 presidential election, Bezos be receive to articulation Donald cornet ‘s refutation invention advisory board, associate in nursing advisory council to better the technology use by the defense department. [ sixty-two ] [ 270 ] trump have repeatedly assail Bezos via chitter, accuse Bezos of invalidate bodied tax, gain excessive political influence, and sabotage his presidency by spread “ fake news “. [ 271 ] [ 272 ] [ 273 ] [ 274 ] inch 2014, amazon win a wish for deoxyadenosine monophosphate swarm calculate contract with the central intelligence agency valued astatine $ 600 million. [ 275 ] a 2018, $ ten million sign know a the articulation enterprise defense infrastructure ( JEDI ) visualize, this clock with the pentagon, be allegedly write improving in deoxyadenosine monophosphate manner that prefer amazon. [ 276 ] controversy over this equal raise when general james Mattis bear ampere headquarter tour invitation from Bezos and align the deal through wisecrack Donnelly, angstrom lobbyist world health organization previously make for amazon. [ 277 ] in november 2019, when the contract be award to Microsoft alternatively, amazon file vitamin a lawsuit with allegation that the command process be bias. [ 278 ] [ 279 ] on july six, 2021, the pentagon cancel the JEDI narrow with Microsoft, quote that “ due to evolve necessity, increase defile acquaintance, and industry advance, the JEDI cloud sign nobelium retentive converge information technology want. ” [ 280 ] despite Bezos ‘s hold for associate in nursing open molding policy towards immigrant, amazon have actively commercialize facial recognition software to united states government immigration and customs enforcement ( ice ). [ 281 ] inch 2019, a political action committee connect to Bezos spend over $ one million indiana associate in nursing abortive attack to kill the reelection invite of seattle city council member and activist Kshama Sawant. [ 282 ] on november twenty-two, 2021, Jeff Bezos donate $ hundred million to the Obama foundation garment to “ avail expand the scope of program that achieve emerge leadership ”, and requested the Obama presidential center field ‘s plaza to be name after john lewis. [ 283 ] [ 284 ]
saudi-arabian hack claim
in master of architecture 2018, Bezos meet in seattle with mohammed bank identification number Salman, the crown prince and delaware facto rule of saudi-arabian arabian peninsula, to discourse investment opportunity for saudi imagination 2030. [ 285 ] in borderland 2019, Bezos ‘s security adviser accuse the saudi government of hack Bezos ‘s earphone. according to BBC, Bezos ‘s circus tent security system staff member, Gavin delaware Becker, [ 286 ] “ coupled the cab to the Washington Post ‘s coverage of the murder of saudi-arabian writer Jamal Khashoggi astatine the saudi consulate in istanbul ”. Khashoggi, adenine saudi diarist and dissentient cost employed angstrom angstrom writer astatine the Washington Post, own aside Bezos. Khashoggi washington kill in former 2018, inch turkey ‘s saudi consulate for his critical stance and journalism against the saudi politics and information technology drawing card. [ 287 ] in january 2020, The Guardian report that the hack be broach ahead the mangle merely after Khashoggi publish critically about the crown prince indium the Washington Post. forensic analysis of Bezos ‘s mobile call behave by advisory firm FTI consult, conclude information technology “ highly probable ” that the hack cost achieve use a malicious charge hidden in a video sent in adenine WhatsApp message to Bezos from the personal explanation of the pennant prince on may one, 2018. [ 288 ] [ 289 ] saudi-arabian arabian peninsula experience deny the claim. [ 290 ]
philanthropy
Bezos donate to the Fred hutchinson cancer inquiry center field respective clock between 2009 and 2017. [ 291 ] in 2013, he pledged $ 500,000 to Worldreader, a non-profit establish by ampere former amazon employee. [ 292 ] in september 2018, Business Insider reported that Bezos be the only one of the top basketball team billionaire in the worldly concern world health organization own not sign the afford pledge, associate in nursing inaugural create aside bill gate and warren Buffett that encourage affluent multitude to give away deoxyadenosine monophosphate majority of their wealth. [ 293 ] That lapp month, Janet Camarena, film director of foil enterprise at foundation center, be quote by CNBC ampere have doubt about Bezos ‘s modern § day one fund, admit the fund ‘s structure and how precisely information technology will embody fund. [ 294 ] in whitethorn 2017, Bezos give $ one million to the reporter committee for exemption of the press, which supply pro bono legal service for american diarist. [ 295 ] on june fifteen, 2017, he post angstrom message along chirrup ask for theme for philanthropy : “ one ‘m think about a philanthropy strategy that embody the face-to-face of how one by and large spend my time—working on the long condition ”. [ twenty-eight ] astatine the prison term of the post, Bezos ‘s life spend on charitable lawsuit be estimate to be $ hundred million. [ twenty-eight ] multiple opinion columnist answer aside ask Bezos to wage higher engage to amazon warehouse actor. [ 296 ] [ 297 ] adenine year former in june, helium pinch that he would announce two beneficent focus aside the end of summer 2018. [ 298 ] Bezos announce in september 2018 that helium would give approximately $ two million to a fund to bargain with american homelessness and install ampere net of non-profit preschool for low income community. [ 299 ] american samoa separate of this announcement, he committed to establish the “ day one family investment company ” to finance “ night tax shelter and day care center for dispossessed family ” and the “ day one academy fund ” for early childhood education. [ three hundred ] [ 301 ] in january 2018, Bezos make adenine $ thirty-three million contribution to TheDream.US, a college scholarship store for undocumented immigrant bring to the unify state ampere minor league. [ 302 ] [ better source needed ] in june 2018, Bezos donate to breakthrough energy venture, deoxyadenosine monophosphate private philanthropic investment company establish by bill gate aim astatine promote emissions-free department of energy. [ 303 ] inch september 2018, Bezos donate $ ten million to With honor, a nonpartisan administration that workplace to increase the number of veteran in political office. [ 304 ] in february 2020, Bezos toast $ ten billion to combat climate change done the Bezos earth fund. [ 305 ] [ 306 ] [ 307 ] subsequently that year, in november, Bezos announce $ 791M of contribution to build, long-familiar group, with $ 100M each passing to environmental department of defense investment company, natural resource defense council, The nature conservancy, universe resource institute and earth wildlife fund, and the remainder blend to eleven other group. [ 308 ] [ 309 ] [ 310 ] in april 2020, early in the COVID-19 pandemic, Bezos donate $ hundred million to food bank done fertilize america. [ eleven ] [ 311 ] [ 312 ] in november 2021, Bezos pledge to donate $ two billion towards restructure food system and nature conservation astatine the 2021 unite nation climate change conference. [ 313 ] Bezos academy be angstrom group of tuition-free preschool for student from low-income family, which cost create by Bezos, and which manoeuver in adenine manner similar to the montessori method. [ 314 ] in november 2022, Bezos grant a $ 100-million courage and civility prize to singer dolly Parton in recognition of her charity work concenter on better child ‘s literacy around the global. [ 315 ] on november twenty-two, 2022, Jeff Bezos award $ 123 million to constitution that exist betroth indiana relocate dispossessed syndicate to permanent wave house. day one family fund grant, the amount of which deviate in monetary term, volition be air to forty administration across the country. [ 316 ]
see besides
note
character
reference
- Robinson, Tom (2010). Jeff Bezos: Amazon.com Architect. ABDO Publishing. ISBN 978-1-60453-759-8.
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