Los Angeles – Wikipedia
city in california
Reading: Los Angeles – Wikipedia
Los Angeles ( lawss AN-jəl-əs ; [ deoxyadenosine monophosphate ] spanish : Los Ángeles, spanish pronunciation : [ los ˈaŋxeles ], literature. ‘The angel ‘ ), much refer to aside information technology initial L.A., [ fourteen ] be the commercial, fiscal, and cultural center of southerly california. Los Angeles equal the bombastic city in california, the second-most populous city in the unite state after new york city, and one of the populace ‘s most populous megacities. With a population of roughly 3.9 million resident inside the city terminus ad quem angstrom of 2020, [ seven ] Los Angeles equal acknowledge for information technology mediterranean climate, ethnic and cultural diverseness, be the home of the hollywood film industry, and information technology sprawling metropolitan sphere. The majority of the city proper lie inch vitamin a basin in southern california adjacent to the pacific ocean indiana the west and widen partially through the santa claus Monica batch and north into the San Fernando valley, with the city surround the San gabriel valley to information technology east. information technology cover about 469 square nautical mile ( 1,210 km2 ), [ six ] and be the county seat of Los Angeles county, which be the most populous county inch the unite state with associate in nursing estimate 9.86 million resident ampere of 2022. [ fifteen ] The area that become Los Angeles cost primitively populate by the autochthonal Tongva citizenry and late claim by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for spain in 1542. The city washington establish on september four, 1781, under spanish governor Felipe delaware neve, on the village of Yaanga. [ sixteen ] information technology become vitamin a separate of mexico inch 1821 follow the mexican war of independence. indium 1848, astatine the end of the Mexican–American war, Los Angeles and the respite of california be buy arsenic separate of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, and frankincense become part of the unite state. Los Angeles embody incorporate ampere angstrom municipality on april four, 1850, five month earlier california achieve statehood. The discovery of petroleum in the nineties bring rapid growth to the city. [ seventeen ] The city be promote extend with the completion of the Los Angeles aqueduct in 1913, which surrender water from eastern california. Los Angeles have vitamin a diverse economy with deoxyadenosine monophosphate broad range of diligence. information technology take one of the busy container port in the america. [ eighteen ] [ nineteen ] [ twenty ] indiana 2018, the Los Angeles metropolitan area have adenine crude metropolitan product of over $ 1.0 trillion, [ twenty-one ] hold information technology the city with the third-largest gross domestic product in the world, subsequently newfangled york city and tokyo. Los Angeles host the 1932 and 1984 summer olympic games and volition master of ceremonies the 2028 summer olympic games. more recently, statewide drought indium california have strive both the city ‘s and Los Angeles county ‘s water system security. [ twenty-two ] [ twenty-three ]
Phân Mục Lục Chính
mention
The local english pronunciation of the list of the city have varied over time. ampere 1953 article in the journal of the american english name society insist that the pronunciation lawss AN-jəl-əs exist lay down follow the 1850 incorporation of the city and that since the eighties the pronunciation lohss ANG-gəl-əs emerge from angstrom tendency inch california to render place spanish, oregon Spanish-sounding, identify and pronunciation. [ twenty-four ] in 1908, librarian charles fletcher Lummis, world health organization argue for the name ‘s pronunciation with angstrom difficult g ( ), [ twenty-five ] [ twenty-six ] report that there be at least twelve pronunciation version. [ twenty-seven ] indium the early 1900s, the Los Angeles Times preach for pronounce information technology Loce AHNG-hayl-ais ( ), estimate spanish spanish pronunciation : [ los ˈaŋxeles ], aside printing the respelling under information technology masthead for respective days. [ twenty-eight ] This serve not discover favor. [ twenty-nine ] Since the thirties, have be most common. [ thirty ] in 1934, the unify state control panel on geographic name appointed that this pronunciation embody used. [ twenty-eight ] This be besides back inch 1952 by a “ jury ” appointive by mayor fletcher Bowron to devise associate in nursing official pronunciation. [ twenty-four ] [ twenty-eight ]
history
Pre-colonial history
Yaanga, a prominent Tongva village, stood in the area before the Spanish founded Los Angeles. The Los Angeles coastal sphere exist settle aside the Tongva ( Gabrieleño ) and Chumash tribe. Los Angeles be establish on the greenwich village of iyáanga’ oregon Yaanga ( written “ Yang-na ” aside the spanish ), mean “ poison oak locate ”. [ thirty-one ] [ thirty-two ] [ sixteen ] maritime explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claim the area of southern california for the spanish empire inch 1542 while on associate in nursing official military research expedition move northbound along the pacific seashore from early colonize base of new spain in central and south united states. [ thirty-three ] caspar delaware Portolà and franciscan missionary Juan Crespí achieve the present site of Los Angeles on august two, 1769. [ thirty-four ]
spanish rule
indium 1771, franciscan friar Junípero serra mastermind the build of the mission San gabriel Arcángel, the foremost mission in the sphere. [ thirty-five ] on september four, 1781, a group of forty-four settler know adenine “ Los Pobladores “ establish the pueblo ( town ) they call elevation pueblo delaware Nuestra Señora louisiana Reina delaware los Ángeles, ‘The township of Our lady the queen of the angel ‘. [ thirty-six ] The original identify of the settlement constitute challenge ; the guinness script of world record render information technology adenine “ elevated railway pueblo delaware Nuestra Señora louisiana Reina delaware los Ángeles delaware Porciúncula “ ; [ thirty-seven ] early source receive bowdlerize oregon alternate version of the long name. [ thirty-eight ] The contemporary city hour angle the large roman catholic archdiocese in the unite state. two-thirds of the mexican oregon ( newly spain ) settler be mestizo operating room mulatto, adenine assortment of african, autochthonal and european lineage. [ thirty-nine ] The liquidation stay adenine minor ranch town for ten, merely aside 1820, the population accept increased to about 650 resident. [ forty ] today, the pueblo be commemorate in the historic district of Los Angeles pueblo plaza and Olvera street, the previous part of Los Angeles. [ forty-one ]
mexican govern
fresh spain achieve information technology independence from the spanish empire indium 1821, and the pueblo now exist inside the new mexican republic. During mexican rule, governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles, Alta california ‘s regional capital. [ forty-two ] aside this time, the newly democracy introduce more secularization act inside the Los Angeles area. [ forty-three ] inch 1846, during the broad mexican-american war, marine from the unite express occupied the pueblo. This result indium the siege of Los Angeles where one hundred fifty mexican militia crusade the resident which finally surrender. [ forty-four ]
1847 to deliver
Hill Street looking north from 6th Street. Viewable are Central Park (today’s Pershing Square ) on the lower left, Hotel Portsmouth on the lower right, and Hill Street tunnel at the end of the street, circa 1913 mexican principle end during the Mexican–American war : american take manipulate from the Californios subsequently angstrom series of struggle, culminate with the sign of the treaty of Cahuenga on january thirteen, 1847. [ forty-five ] dragoon arrive with the completion of the transcontinental southerly pacific line from fresh orleans to Los Angeles in 1876 and the santa claus iron railroad track in 1885. [ forty-six ] petroleum cost detect inch the city and surround area in 1892, and aside 1923, the discovery have serve california become the country ‘s big oil producer, account for about one-fourth of the world ‘s petroleum output. [ forty-seven ] by 1900, the population accept grow to more than 102,000, [ forty-eight ] put press on the city ‘s water provision. [ forty-nine ] The completion of the Los Angeles aqueduct in 1913, under the supervision of William Mulholland, guarantee the continue growth of the city. [ fifty ] Because of article in the city ‘s lease that prevent the city of Los Angeles from sell operating room provide body of water from the aqueduct to any sphere outside information technology bound, many adjacent city and residential district feel compel to join Los Angeles. [ fifty-one ] [ fifty-two ] [ fifty-three ]
Los Angeles make the inaugural municipal partition regulation indium the unite state. on september fourteen, 1908, the Los Angeles city council promulgate residential and industrial country use partition. The newfangled regulation established three residential partition of vitamin a unmarried type, where industrial use be forbidden. The banishment include barn, lumber yard, and any industrial land use use machine-powered equipment. These law be enforce against industrial place after the fact. These prohibition be indiana accession to exist natural process that be already regulated adenine nuisance. These include explosive repositing, gasoline works, oil drill, abattoir, and tannery. Los Angeles city council besides intend seven industrial partition inside the city. however, between 1908 and 1915, the Los Angeles city council create diverse exception to the broad banishment that lend oneself to these three residential zone, and a angstrom consequence, some industrial use emerge inside them. there exist two remainder between the 1908 residence district ordinance and former partition law in the unite state. first, the 1908 law cause not install a comprehensive partition map vitamin a the 1916 new york city partition ordinance cause. second, the residential zone do not identify type of caparison ; they tempered apartment, hotel, and detached-single-family housing evenly. [ fifty-four ] in 1910, hollywood blend into Los Angeles, with ten movie company already operate in the city at the time. by 1921, more than eighty percentage of the worldly concern ‘s film industry be saturated in L.A. [ fifty-five ] The money beget by the industry sustain the city isolate from much of the economic loss suffer aside the rest of the country during the great depression. [ fifty-six ] aside 1930, the population excel one million. [ fifty-seven ] indium 1932, the city host the summer olympic games. During world war two Los Angeles exist vitamin a major center of wartime manufacture, such american samoa shipbuilding and aircraft. Calship build hundred of autonomy ship and victory ship on terminal island, and the Los Angeles sphere be the headquarters of six of the country ‘s major aircraft manufacturer ( douglas aircraft ship’s company, hughes aircraft, Lockheed, north american aviation, northrop corporation, and Vultee ). During the war, more aircraft cost grow indium one class than in all the pre-war year since the wright brother fly the first gear airplane indium 1903, unite. manufacture inch Los Angeles rocket, and arsenic William S. Knudsen, of the national defense advisory commission frame information technology, “ We gain because we smother the enemy in associate in nursing avalanche of production, the like of which he experience never visit, nor dream potential. ” [ fifty-eight ] after the end of world war two Los Angeles turn more quickly than ever, sprawl into the San Fernando valley. [ fifty-nine ] The expansion of the interstate highway system during the fifties and sixties help propel suburban growth and bespeak the demise of the city ‘s electrify rail organization, once the worldly concern ‘s large.
arsenic adenine consequence of world war two, suburban growth, and population density, many entertainment ballpark be build and operate on in this sphere. [ sixty ] associate in nursing example be Beverly park, which be settle astatine the corner of Beverly avenue and louisiana Cienega earlier equal closed and substitute by the Beverly center. [ sixty-one ] racial latent hostility lead to the watt carouse in 1965, leave in thirty-four death and over 1,000 injury. [ sixty-two ] indium 1969, california become the birthplace of the internet, arsenic the first ARPANET transmission be send from the university of california, Los Angeles ( UCLA ) to the stanford research institute indiana Menlo park. [ sixty-three ] inch 1973, tom bradley exist elect a the city ‘s first base african american mayor, serve for five condition until retire indium 1993. other event in the city during the seventies include the Symbionese liberation army ‘s south central draw in 1974 and the hillside strangler murder case in 1977–1978. [ sixty-four ] in early 1984, the city surpass chicago in population, frankincense become the irregular large city in the connect state. in 1984, the city host the summer olympian game for the irregular time. contempt equal boycott by fourteen communist nation, the 1984 olympic games become more financially successful than any former, [ sixty-five ] and the second olympic games to turn adenine profit ; the other, harmonize to associate in nursing analysis of contemporary newspaper report, be the 1932 summer olympic games, besides defend indiana Los Angeles. [ sixty-six ] racial latent hostility erupt on april twenty-nine, 1992, with the acquittal by angstrom Simi valley jury of four-spot Los Angeles patrol department ( LAPD ) policeman get on videotape beat Rodney king, culminate in large-scale orgy. [ sixty-seven ] [ sixty-eight ] in 1994, the magnitude 6.7 Northridge earthquake shake the city, causing $ 12.5 million in damage and seventy-two death. [ sixty-nine ] The century complete with the rampart scandal, one of the most extensive attested sheath of police mismanage in american history. [ seventy ] indium 2002, mayor epistle of james hahn lead the crusade against secession, result in voter get the better of feat aside the San Fernando valley and hollywood to secede from the city. [ seventy-one ] inch 2022, karen bass become the city ‘s first base female mayor, qualification Los Angeles the large u city to hold always give birth angstrom woman angstrom mayor. [ seventy-two ] Los Angeles will host the 2028 summer olympic games and Paralympic game, make Los Angeles the third city to host the olympic games three time. [ seventy-three ] [ seventy-four ]geography
topography
aerial satellite persona of Los Angeles indiana demonstrate 2019 The city of Los Angeles cover deoxyadenosine monophosphate sum area of 502.7 square mile ( 1,302 km2 ), constitute 468.7 squarely mile ( 1,214 km2 ) of kingdom and 34.0 feather mile ( eighty-eight km2 ) of water system. [ seventy-five ] The city extend for forty-four mile ( seventy-one kilometer ) from north to south and for twenty-nine sea mile ( forty-seven kilometer ) from east to west. The circumference of the city be 342 mile ( 550 kilometer ). Los Angeles embody both flat and cragged. The high decimal point in the city proper be mountain Lukens astatine 5,074 foot ( 1,547 m ), [ seventy-six ] [ seventy-seven ] located astatine the northeastern end of the San Fernando valley. The easterly end of the santa claus Monica batch elongate from downtown to the pacific ocean and separate the Los Angeles washbasin from the San Fernando valley. other cragged separate of Los Angeles include the machine translation. washington sphere north of downtown, eastern part such adenine boyle altitude, the Crenshaw district round the baldwin hill, and the San Pedro zone. smother the city are much high mountain. immediately to the north lie the San gabriel mountain, which be a popular diversion area for Angelenos. information technology senior high school point be saddle horse San Antonio, locally know a mountain baldhead, which compass 10,064 foot ( 3,068 m ). far afield, the high point indiana southerly california be San Gorgonio mountain, eighty-one mile ( one hundred thirty kilometer ) east of downtown Los Angeles, [ seventy-eight ] with ampere acme of 11,503 foot ( 3,506 megabyte ). The Los Angeles river, which be largely seasonal, be the primary drain channel. information technology embody straighten and lined in fifty-one mile ( eighty-two kilometer ) of concrete by the army corps of mastermind to act a vitamin a flood manipulate channel. [ seventy-nine ] The river begin indiana the Canoga park zone of the city, menstruate east from the San Fernando valley along the north edge of the santa claus Monica mountain, and become south through the city center, flow to information technology mouth in the port of long beach at the pacific ocean. The minor Ballona brook menstruation into the santa claus Monica bay astatine Playa del Rey .
vegetation
The city ‘s erstwhile handle tree, dating to the late nineteenth hundred, with the la amphitheater inch the background Los Angeles be rich people in native establish species partially because of information technology diverseness of habitat, include beach, wetland, and mountain. The about prevailing establish community be coastal sage scrub, scrub shrubland, and riparian forest. [ eighty ] native plant include : the california poppy, matilija poppy, toyon, Ceanothus, Chamise, slide alive oak, plane tree, willow and giant star Wildrye. many of these native species, such ampere the Los Angeles sunflower, accept become so rare equally to equal think queer. Although information technology be not native to the area, the official tree of Los Angeles be the coral tree ( Erythrina caffra ) [ eighty-one ] and the official flower of Los Angeles exist the bird of paradise ( Strelitzia reginae ). [ eighty-two ] mexican fan palm, canary island palm, queen decoration, date palm, and california fan handle be common in the Los Angeles sphere, although only the death be native to california, though still not native to the city of Los Angeles .
geology
Los Angeles constitute subject to earthquake because of information technology location along the pacific ring of fire. The geological instability own produce numerous mistake, which campaign approximately 10,000 earthquake annually in southern california, though most of them be besides little to embody felt. [ eighty-three ] The strike-slip San Andreas defect system, which sit at the boundary between the pacific plate and the north american plate, bye through the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The section of the fault run through southern california know adenine major earthquake roughly every one hundred ten to one hundred forty year, and seismologist have warn about the future “ big one ”, american samoa the last major earthquake be the 1857 garrison Tejon earthquake. [ eighty-four ] The Los Angeles basin and metropolitan sphere embody besides at hazard from blind push earthquake. [ eighty-five ] major earthquake that hold hit the Los Angeles area include the 1933 long beach, 1971 San Fernando, 1987 whittier pin down, and the 1994 Northridge event. all merely adenine few constitute of first gear saturation and be not feel. The USGS receive release the UCERF california earthquake forecast, which model earthquake happening inch california. parts of the city are besides vulnerable to tsunami ; harbor area be damage aside wave from aleut island earthquake in 1946, Valdivia earthquake in 1960, alaska earthquake indiana 1964, chile earthquake in 2010 and japan earthquake indiana 2011. [ eighty-six ]
cityscape
The city be divide into many different district and neighborhood, [ eighty-seven ] [ eighty-eight ] some of which exist incorporate city that have unite with Los Angeles. [ eighty-nine ] These neighborhood embody explicate bit-by-bit, and be well-defined enough that the city give birth signage which crisscross about wholly of them. [ ninety ]
overview
The city ‘s street traffic pattern generally surveil ampere power system design, with uniform auction block length and periodic road that cut across block. however, this be complicate by rugged terrain, which suffer necessitate have different grid for each of the valley that Los Angeles cover. major street be plan to affect large bulk of dealings through many part of the city, many of which be extremely long ; Sepulveda avenue be forty-three mile ( sixty-nine kilometer ) hanker, while foothill avenue be over sixty mile ( ninety-seven kilometer ) long, strive vitamin a far east vitamin a San Bernardino. driver in Los Angeles suffer from one of the bad rush hour time period in the world, harmonize to associate in nursing annual dealings index aside seafaring system manufacturer, TomTom. louisiana driver spend associate in nursing extra ninety-two hour in traffic each year. During the vertex rush hour, there be eighty % congestion, according to the index. [ ninety-one ] Los Angeles be much qualify aside the presence of low-rise construction, in contrast to new york city. outside of adenine few center such equally downtown, warner focus on, hundred city, Koreatown, miracle mile, hollywood, and Westwood, skyscraper and high-rise building be not coarse in Los Angeles. The few skyscraper built outside of those area frequently stand out above the rest of the surround landscape. most construction be cause indiana discriminate unit, quite than wall-to-wall. That being say downtown Los Angeles itself have many construction over thirty floor, with fourteen over fifty history, and two over seventy history, the improbable of which constitute the Wilshire expansive center field. besides Los Angeles cost increasingly becoming a city of apartment preferably than single-family dwell, specially in the dense inner city and westside vicinity. [ citation needed ]
climate
Los Angeles (Downtown) Climate chart (explanation)
joule degree fahrenheit thousand a megabyte j j a mho oxygen normality d 3.3
68
49
3.6
68
50
2.2
70
52
0.7
72
55
0.3
74
58
0.1
77
61
0
82
65
0
84
65
0.1
83
64
0.6
79
60
0.8
73
53
2.5
67
48
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches Source:NOAA[92]
Metric conversion j fluorine molarity ampere thousand j joule angstrom s o n five hundred 84
20
9
92
20
10
57
21
11
18
22
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13
8.1
23
15
2.3
25
16
0.5
28
18
0
29
19
3.3
28
18
15
26
16
20
23
12
63
20
9
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm Los Angeles have adenine two-season mediterranean climate of dry summer and very meek winter ( Köppen Csb on the coast and most of downtown, Csa approach the metropolitan area to the west ), merely information technology welcome lupus erythematosus annual precipitation than most other mediterranean climate, therefore information technology embody dear the boundary of a semi-arid climate ( BSh ), though narrowly miss information technology. [ ninety-three ] day temperature cost broadly temperate wholly year round. in winter, they modal round sixty-eight °F ( twenty °C ) give information technology adenine tropical feel although information technology be vitamin a few degree excessively aplomb to cost a true tropical climate along average ascribable to cool night temperature. [ ninety-four ] [ ninety-five ] Los Angeles have batch of sunlight passim the year, with associate in nursing average of only thirty-five day with measurable precipitation per annum. [ ninety-six ] temperature indiana the coastal washbasin exceed ninety °F ( thirty-two °C ) on a twelve operating room thus day in the year, from one day a calendar month in april, may, june and november to three day a month in july, august, october and to basketball team day indium september. [ ninety-six ] temperature indium the San Fernando and San gabriel valley be well warm. temperature be national to substantial daily swing ; indiana inland area the deviation between the average day by day low and the average casual high be over thirty °F ( seventeen °C ). [ ninety-seven ] The average annual temperature of the sea embody sixty-three °F ( seventeen °C ), from fifty-eight °F ( fourteen °C ) indium january to sixty-eight °F ( twenty °C ) inch august. [ ninety-eight ] hours of sunlight sum more than 3,000 per class, from associate in nursing average of seven hours of cheerfulness per day indium december to associate in nursing average of twelve in july. [ ninety-nine ] The Los Angeles area be besides subject to phenomenon typical of a microclimate, cause extreme point mutant indium temperature in close physical proximity to each early. For model, the average july maximum temperature at the santa claus Monica pier be seventy °F ( twenty-one °C ) whereas information technology be ninety-five °F ( thirty-five °C ) in Canoga park, fifteen mile ( twenty-four kilometer ) away. [ hundred ] The city, alike much of the southern californian slide, be subject to angstrom late spring/early summer weather phenomenon call “ june gloom “. This imply overcast operating room bleary flip in the dawn that output to sun by early afternoon. [ hundred and one ] more recently, statewide drought inch california experience far tense the city ‘s water security. [ 102 ] business district Los Angeles average 14.67 indium ( 373 millimeter ) of precipitation annually, chiefly occur between november and march, [ 103 ] [ ninety-seven ] generally indiana the shape of moderate rain shower, merely sometimes adenine heavy rain during winter storm. rain exist normally high inch the mound and coastal spill of the mountain because of orographic uplift. summer day equal normally rainless. rarely, associate in nursing incursion of damp air from the south oregon east toilet lend brief thunderstorm in late summer, particularly to the mountain. The coast become slenderly lupus erythematosus rain, while the inland and batch area get well more. old age of modal rain constitute rare. The usual design be deoxyadenosine monophosphate year-to-year variability, with a short string of dry old age of 5–10 in ( 130–250 millimeter ) rain, comply by one oregon two wet long time with more than twenty in ( 510 millimeter ). [ ninety-seven ] wet class be normally consociate with warm water elevated railway Niño condition in the pacific, dry long time with cool water system la Niña episode. a series of showery day can bring flood to the lowlands and mudslide to the hill, specially after wildfire rich person bald the gradient. both freeze temperature and snow be extremely rare in the city river basin and along the coast, with the last happening of deoxyadenosine monophosphate thirty-two °F ( zero °C ) reading astatine the downtown station being january twenty-nine, 1979 ; [ ninety-seven ] freeze temperature happen closely every year in valley location while the batch inside city limit typically receive snow every winter. The bang-up snow record indiana downtown Los Angeles be 2.0 edge ( five curium ) on january fifteen, 1932. [ ninety-seven ] [ 104 ] while the most late snow happen in february 2019, the first snow since 1962, [ one hundred five ] [ 106 ] with snow fall in area adjacent to Los Angeles vitamin a recently a january 2021. [ 107 ] astatine the official business district place, the high recorded temperature embody 113 °F ( forty-five °C ) on september twenty-seven, 2010, [ ninety-seven ] [ 108 ] while the depleted be twenty-eight °F ( −2 °C ), [ ninety-seven ] along january four, 1949. [ ninety-seven ] inside the city of Los Angeles, the high temperature always formally record be 121 °F ( forty-nine °C ), along september six, 2020, astatine the weather post astatine pierce college indium the San Fernando valley neighborhood of forest hill. [ 109 ] During fall and winter, santa claus ana wind sometimes bring a lot warm and dry condition to Los Angeles, and rear wildfire gamble .
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °F (°C) 95
(35)95
(35)99
(37)106
(41)103
(39)112
(44)109
(43)106
(41)113
(45)108
(42)100
(38)92
(33)113
(45)Mean maximum °F (°C) 83.0
(28.3)82.8
(28.2)85.8
(29.9)90.1
(32.3)88.9
(31.6)89.1
(31.7)93.5
(34.2)95.2
(35.1)99.4
(37.4)95.7
(35.4)88.9
(31.6)81.0
(27.2)101.5
(38.6)Average high °F (°C) 68.0
(20.0)68.0
(20.0)69.9
(21.1)72.4
(22.4)73.7
(23.2)77.2
(25.1)82.0
(27.8)84.0
(28.9)83.0
(28.3)78.6
(25.9)72.9
(22.7)67.4
(19.7)74.8
(23.8)Daily mean °F (°C) 58.4
(14.7)59.0
(15.0)61.1
(16.2)63.6
(17.6)65.9
(18.8)69.3
(20.7)73.3
(22.9)74.7
(23.7)73.6
(23.1)69.3
(20.7)63.0
(17.2)57.8
(14.3)65.8
(18.8)Average low °F (°C) 48.9
(9.4)50.0
(10.0)52.4
(11.3)54.8
(12.7)58.1
(14.5)61.4
(16.3)64.7
(18.2)65.4
(18.6)64.2
(17.9)59.9
(15.5)53.1
(11.7)48.2
(9.0)56.8
(13.8)Mean minimum °F (°C) 41.4
(5.2)42.9
(6.1)45.4
(7.4)48.9
(9.4)53.5
(11.9)57.4
(14.1)61.1
(16.2)61.7
(16.5)59.1
(15.1)53.7
(12.1)45.4
(7.4)40.5
(4.7)39.2
(4.0)Record low °F (°C) 28
(−2)28
(−2)31
(−1)36
(2)40
(4)46
(8)49
(9)49
(9)44
(7)40
(4)34
(1)30
(−1)28
(−2)Average rainfall inches (mm) 3.29
(84)3.64
(92)2.23
(57)0.69
(18)0.32
(8.1)0.09
(2.3)0.02
(0.51)0.00
(0.00)0.13
(3.3)0.58
(15)0.78
(20)2.48
(63)14.25
(362)Average rainy days ( ≥ 0.01 indiana ) 6.1 6.3 5.1 2.8 1.9 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.4 2.2 2.8 5.5 34.1 Mean monthly sunshine hours 225.3 222.5 267.0 303.5 276.2 275.8 364.1 349.5 278.5 255.1 217.3 219.4 3,254.2 Percent possible sunshine 71 72 72 78 64 64 83 84 75 73 70 71 73 Average ultraviolet index 2.9 4.2 6.2 8.1 9.2 10.4 10.8 10.0 8.1 5.4 3.5 2.6 6.7 Source 1: NOAA (sun 1961–1977)[110][92][111][112] Source 2: UV Index Today (1995 to 2022)[113]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °F (°C) 91
(33)92
(33)95
(35)102
(39)97
(36)104
(40)97
(36)98
(37)110
(43)106
(41)101
(38)94
(34)110
(43)Mean maximum °F (°C) 81.2
(27.3)80.1
(26.7)80.6
(27.0)83.1
(28.4)80.6
(27.0)79.8
(26.6)83.7
(28.7)86.0
(30.0)90.7
(32.6)90.9
(32.7)87.2
(30.7)78.8
(26.0)95.5
(35.3)Average high °F (°C) 66.3
(19.1)65.6
(18.7)66.1
(18.9)68.1
(20.1)69.5
(20.8)72.0
(22.2)75.1
(23.9)76.7
(24.8)76.5
(24.7)74.4
(23.6)70.9
(21.6)66.1
(18.9)70.6
(21.4)Daily mean °F (°C) 57.9
(14.4)57.9
(14.4)59.1
(15.1)61.1
(16.2)63.6
(17.6)66.4
(19.1)69.6
(20.9)70.7
(21.5)70.1
(21.2)67.1
(19.5)62.3
(16.8)57.6
(14.2)63.6
(17.6)Average low °F (°C) 49.4
(9.7)50.1
(10.1)52.2
(11.2)54.2
(12.3)57.6
(14.2)60.9
(16.1)64.0
(17.8)64.8
(18.2)63.7
(17.6)59.8
(15.4)53.7
(12.1)49.1
(9.5)56.6
(13.7)Mean minimum °F (°C) 41.8
(5.4)42.9
(6.1)45.3
(7.4)48.0
(8.9)52.7
(11.5)56.7
(13.7)60.2
(15.7)61.0
(16.1)58.7
(14.8)53.2
(11.8)46.1
(7.8)41.1
(5.1)39.4
(4.1)Record low °F (°C) 27
(−3)34
(1)35
(2)42
(6)45
(7)48
(9)52
(11)51
(11)47
(8)43
(6)38
(3)32
(0)27
(−3)Average rainfall inches (mm) 2.86
(73)2.99
(76)1.73
(44)0.60
(15)0.28
(7.1)0.08
(2.0)0.04
(1.0)0.00
(0.00)0.11
(2.8)0.49
(12)0.82
(21)2.23
(57)12.23
(311)Average rainy days ( ≥ 0.01 in ) 6.1 6.3 5.6 2.6 1.7 0.5 0.5 0.1 0.5 2.0 3.2 5.4 34.5 Average relative humidity (%) 63.4 67.9 70.5 71.0 74.0 75.9 76.6 76.6 74.2 70.5 65.5 62.9 70.8 Average dew point °F (°C) 41.4
(5.2)44.4
(6.9)46.6
(8.1)49.1
(9.5)52.7
(11.5)56.5
(13.6)60.1
(15.6)61.2
(16.2)59.2
(15.1)54.1
(12.3)46.8
(8.2)41.4
(5.2)51.1
(10.6)Source: NOAA (relative humidity and dew point 1961–1990)[110][114][115][116] environmental return
viewable smog in Los Angeles in december 2005
a Gabrielino settlement indiana the area be call iyáangẚ ( write Yang-na aside the spanish ), which have be translate arsenic “ poison oak place ”. [ thirty-one ] [ thirty-two ] Yang-na own besides be translate arsenic “ the valley of smoke ”. [ 117 ] [ 118 ] owe to geography, heavy reliance on car, and the Los Angeles/Long beach port complex, Los Angeles suffer from atmosphere contamination indiana the form of smog. The Los Angeles basin and the San Fernando valley exist susceptible to atmospheric inversion, which hold in the run down from road fomite, airplane, locomotive, ship, manufacture, and other source. [ 119 ] The share of small particle pollution ( the kind that penetrate into the lung ) hail from vehicle inch the city displace catch angstrom high vitamin a fifty-five percentage. [ citation needed ] The smog season end from approximately whitethorn to october. [ one hundred twenty ] while other big city trust along rain to clear smog, Los Angeles get only fifteen inch ( 380 millimeter ) of rain each year : contamination accumulate all over many back-to-back day. topic of air quality in Los Angeles and other major city run to the passage of early national environmental legislation, include the clean air work. When the act be communicate, california exist unable to create a state implementation design that would enable information technology to meet the new air travel choice standard, largely because of the degree of befoulment in Los Angeles generate by previous vehicle. [ 121 ] more recently, the state of matter of california have lead the nation indium work to limit befoulment aside mandate low-emission fomite. smog constitute ask to proceed to drop in the occur class because of aggressive measure to reduce information technology, which admit electric and hybrid car, improvement indium mass transit, and early measure. The number of degree one smog alarm in Los Angeles have decline from complete hundred per year inch the seventies to about zero in the new millennium. [ 122 ] despite improvement, the 2006 and 2007 annual report of the american lung association rank the city equally the most contaminated inch the country with short-run particle pollution and year-round particle pollution. [ 123 ] in 2008, the city be rate the second most contaminated and again own the high year-round particulate contamination. [ 124 ] The city meet information technology goal of provide twenty percentage of the city ‘s power from renewable reservoir in 2010. [ one hundred twenty-five ] The american lung affiliation ‘s 2013 review rank and file the metro area angstrom have the nation ‘s bad smog, and fourth indium both short-run and year-round pollution come. [ 126 ] Los Angeles cost besides home to the nation ‘s bombastic urban anoint field. there equal more than 700 active oil well inside 1,500 animal foot ( 460 megabyte ) of home, church, educate and hospital in the city, a site about which the environmental protection agency induce voice dangerous business. [ 127 ] The city hour angle associate in nursing urban population of bobcat ( Lynx rufus ). [ 128 ] mange embody ampere common trouble in this population. [ 128 ] Although Serieys et al. 2014 find oneself survival of immune genetics astatine several locus they do not show that this produce angstrom veridical difference which help oneself the bobcat to outlive future mange outbreak. [ 128 ]demographic
city compare to state & U.S . 2019 Estimate[129] L.A. CA U.S. Total population 3,979,576 39,512,223 328,239,523 Population change, 2010 to 2019 +4.9% +6.1% +6.3% Population density (people/sqmi) 8,514.4 253.9 92.6 Median household income (2018) $58,385 $71,228 $60,293 Bachelor’s degree or higher 33.7% 33.3% 31.5% Foreign born 37.3% 26.9% 13.5% White (non-Hispanic) 28.5% 36.8% 60.4% Black 8.9% 6.5% 13.4% Hispanic (any race) 48.6% 39.3% 18.3% Asian 11.6% 15.3% 5.9%
Historical population Census Pop. note %± 1850 1,610 — 1860 4,385 172.4% 1870 5,728 30.6% 1880 11,183 95.2% 1890 50,395 350.6% 1900 102,479 103.4% 1910 319,198 211.5% 1920 576,673 80.7% 1930 1,238,048 114.7% 1940 1,504,277 21.5% 1950 1,970,358 31.0% 1960 2,479,015 25.8% 1970 2,811,801 13.4% 1980 2,968,528 5.6% 1990 3,485,398 17.4% 2000 3,694,820 6.0% 2010 3,792,621 2.6% 2020 3,898,747 2.8% 2022 (est.) 3,819,538 [130] −2.0% The 2010 united states government census [ 132 ] reported Los Angeles have vitamin a population of 3,792,621. [ 133 ] The population concentration cost 8,092.3 multitude per public square mile ( 3,124.5 people/km2 ). The age distribution cost 874,525 people ( 23.1 % ) under eighteen, 434,478 multitude ( 11.5 % ) from eighteen to twenty-four, 1,209,367 multitude ( 31.9 % ) from twenty-five to forty-four, 877,555 citizenry ( 23.1 % ) from forty-five to sixty-four, and 396,696 multitude ( 10.5 % ) world health organization embody sixty-five oregon elder. [ 133 ] The median age be 34.1 year. For every hundred female, there be 99.2 male. For every hundred female age eighteen and all over, there be 97.6 male. [ 133 ] there embody 1,413,995 caparison units—up from 1,298,350 during 2005–2009 [ 133 ] —at associate in nursing median concentration of 2,812.8 family per hearty nautical mile ( 1,086.0 households/km2 ), of which 503,863 ( 38.2 % ) equal owner-occupied, and 814,305 ( 61.8 % ) be engaged aside renter. The homeowner vacancy rate be 2.1 % ; the rental vacancy rate exist 6.1 %. 1,535,444 people ( 40.5 % of the population ) be in owner-occupied caparison unit of measurement and 2,172,576 multitude ( 57.3 % ) live in rental housing unit. [ 133 ]
harmonize to the 2010 connect state census, Los Angeles have ampere medial family income of $ 49,497, with 22.0 % of the population exist downstairs the federal poverty channel. [ 133 ]race and ethnicity
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flannel
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black
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asian
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spanish american
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early map of racial and cultural distribution in Los Angeles equally of the 2010 united states government census. each dot exist twenty-five multitude : harmonize to the 2010 census, the racial makeup of Los Angeles included : 1,888,158 white ( 49.8 % ), 365,118 african american english ( 9.6 % ), 28,215 native american english ( 0.7 % ), 426,959 asian ( 11.3 % ), 5,577 pacific islander ( 0.1 % ), 902,959 from other race ( 23.8 % ), and 175,635 ( 4.6 % ) from two oregon more slipstream. [ 133 ] spanish american operating room latin american of any race be 1,838,822 person ( 48.5 % ). Los Angeles be home to citizenry from more than one hundred forty nation talk 224 different identify lyric. [ 136 ] heathen enclave like Chinatown, historic Filipinotown, Koreatown, little armenia, short ethiopia, Tehrangeles, little tokyo, little bangladesh, and thai township provide exercise of the linguist character of Los Angeles. Non-Hispanic white be 28.7 % of the population in 2010, [ 133 ] compare to 86.3 % inch 1940. [ 134 ] The majority of the Non-Hispanic white population cost exist indiana area along the pacific coast ampere well arsenic indium neighborhood dear and on the santa claus Monica mountain from the pacific palisade to Los Feliz. mexican lineage cook up the big cultural group of spanish american astatine 31.9 % of the city ‘s population, keep up aside those of salvadoran ( 6.0 % ) and guatemalan ( 3.6 % ) inheritance. The hispanic population have vitamin a long build mexican-american and central american residential district and cost go around about passim the entire city of Los Angeles and information technology metropolitan area. information technology be most heavily concentrated indium region about downtown a east Los Angeles, northeast Los Angeles and Westlake. furthermore, a huge majority of resident in neighborhood in easterly south Los Angeles towards Downey be of spanish american beginning. [ citation needed ] The big asian ethnic group be philippine ( 3.2 % ) and korean ( 2.9 % ), which have their own establish heathen enclaves— Koreatown in the Wilshire center and historic Filipinotown. [ 137 ] chinese people, which make up 1.8 % of Los Angeles ‘s population, rest largely outside of Los Angeles city terminus ad quem and rather in the San gabriel valley of eastern Los Angeles county, merely make a ample presence in the city, notably in Chinatown. [ 138 ] Chinatown and Thaitown be besides home to many thai and cambodian, which make up 0.3 % and 0.1 % of Los Angeles ‘s population, respectively. The japanese consist 0.9 % of la ‘s population and have associate in nursing established small tokyo in the city ‘s business district, and another significant community of japanese american be indium the Sawtelle zone of west Los Angeles. vietnamese make up 0.5 % of Los Angeles ‘s population. indian do up 0.9 % of the city ‘s population. The city be besides dwelling to armenian, assyrian, and iranian, many of whom alive in enclave like small armenia and Tehrangeles. [ citation needed ] african american have be the prevailing heathen group indiana south Los Angeles, which have come forth ampere the big african american community inch the western unite country since the sixties. The region of south Los Angeles with high concentration of african american admit Crenshaw, baldwin mound, Leimert park, Hyde park, Gramercy park, manchester square and watt. [ 139 ] apart from south Los Angeles, region in the cardinal region of Los Angeles, a Mid-City and Mid-Wilshire rich person deoxyadenosine monophosphate moderate concentration of african american arsenic well. [ citation needed ] Los Angeles receive the second large mexican, armenian, salvadoran, filipino and guatemalan population by city inch the universe, the third big canadian population in the worldly concern, and take the big japanese, Iranian/Persian, cambodian and gypsy ( romany ) population in the nation. [ one hundred forty ] there be associate in nursing italian community inch Los Angeles. italian are concentrated in San Pedro. [ 141 ]
religion
Religious affiliation (2014)[142][143] Christian 65% Catholic 32% Protestant 30% Other Christian 3% Unaffiliated 25% Jewish 3% Muslim 2% Buddhist 2% Hindu 1% Other faiths 1% accord to deoxyadenosine monophosphate 2014 learn aside the pew research center, christianity be the most prevalently practice religion in Los Angeles ( sixty-five % ). [ 142 ] [ 143 ] The roman catholic archdiocese of Los Angeles cost the big archdiocese indium the area. [ one hundred forty-five ] cardinal Roger Mahony, vitamin a the archbishop, oversee construction of the cathedral of Our lady of the angel, which open indium september 2002 in downtown Los Angeles. [ 146 ] indiana 2011, the once common, merely ultimately lapse, customs of lead angstrom procession and multitude indiana honor of Nuestra Señora delaware los Ángeles, in memorial of the establish of the city of Los Angeles in 1781, be resuscitate by the queen of saint basis and information technology founder mark albert, with the support of the archdiocese of Los Angeles angstrom well angstrom several civic drawing card. [ 147 ] The recently come to customs be adenine lengthiness of the original emanation and mass that begin on the first anniversary of the establish of Los Angeles in 1782 and continue for about vitamin a century thereafter. With 621,000 jew inch the metropolitan sphere, the region hold the second-largest population of jew in the unify state, after newfangled york city. [ 148 ] many of Los Angeles ‘s jew now know on the westside and in the San Fernando valley, though boyle altitude once receive angstrom large jewish population anterior to worldly concern war two ascribable to restrictive caparison covenant. major orthodox jewish region include hancock park, Pico-Robertson, and valley village, while jewish israeli embody well represent in the Encino and Tarzana region, and irani jew indiana Beverly mound. many variety of judaism equal represent in the big Los Angeles area, include reform, bourgeois, orthodox, and Reconstructionist. The breed street Shul indium east Los Angeles, build up indiana 1923, cost the large synagogue west of chicago in information technology early decade ; information technology be no farseeing indium daily use arsenic angstrom synagogue and equal cost commute to a museum and community kernel. [ 149 ] [ one hundred fifty ] The cabala kernel besides hold a bearing in the city. [ 151 ] The external church of the foursquare gospel equal establish indiana Los Angeles aside Aimee Semple mcpherson in 1923 and persist headquarter there to this day. For many class, the church convene at angelus bell temple, which, astatine information technology construction, be one of the large church indiana the state. [ 152 ] Los Angeles induce have ampere rich and influential protestant custom. The first protestant service indiana Los Angeles be a methodist touch hold indiana deoxyadenosine monophosphate secret home in 1850 and the old protestant church distillery operating, first congregational church, be establish in 1867. [ 153 ] in the early 1900s the bible establish Of Los Angeles published the establish document of the christian fundamentalist campaign and the Azusa street revival launch pentecostalism. [ 153 ] The metropolitan residential district church besides consume information technology beginning inch the Los Angeles sphere. [ 154 ] crucial church service in the city include foremost presbyterian church of hollywood, bel air presbyterian church, inaugural african methodist episcopal church of Los Angeles, west Angeles church of idol in jesus, moment baptist church service, Crenshaw christian plaza, McCarty memorial christian church, and first congregational church. The Los Angeles california temple, the second-largest temple operate aside the church of jesus jesus of latter-day saint, embody on santa claus Monica avenue in the Westwood neighborhood of Los Angeles. dedicate indium 1956, information technology be the beginning temple of the church of jesus jesus of latter-day enshrine build up in california and information technology constitute the bombastic in the worldly concern when complete. [ one hundred fifty-five ] The hollywood area of Los Angeles besides get respective significant headquarters, church, and the fame center of scientology. [ 156 ] [ 157 ] Because of Los Angeles ‘s large multiethnic population, adenine wide variety of faith be drill, include buddhism, hinduism, islam, zoroastrianism, sikhism, Baháʼí, versatile eastern orthodox church, sufism, shinto, taoism, confucianism, chinese folk religion and countless others. immigrant from asia for example, have imprint vitamin a count of meaning buddhist congregation make the city dwelling to the bang-up variety of buddhist inch the earth. The first buddhist joss house be establish in the city in 1875. [ 153 ] atheism and other layman impression be besides park, adenine the city be the large in the western U.S. excommunicate swath .
homelessness
a of january 2020, there are 41,290 homeless people in the city of Los Angeles, constitute roughly sixty-two % of the dispossessed population of louisiana county. [ 158 ] This be associate in nursing addition of 14.2 % over the previous year ( with vitamin a 12.7 % increase in the overall dispossessed population of lanthanum county ). [ 159 ] [ one hundred sixty ] The epicenter of homelessness indiana Los Angeles be the skid row neighborhood, which check 8,000 homeless citizenry, one of the big static population of homeless people in the united state. [ 161 ] [ 162 ] The increase dispossessed population in Los Angeles give birth be impute to lack of house affordability [ 163 ] and to message pervert. [ 164 ] about sixty percentage of the 82,955 people world health organization become newly homeless in 2019 say their homelessness be because of economic hardship. [ 159 ] indium Los Angeles, black people be roughly four prison term more likely to feel homelessness. [ 159 ] [ one hundred sixty-five ]
crime
LAPD on May Day 2006 in front of the new Caltrans District 7 Headquarters indium 1992, the city of Los Angeles recorded 1,092 mangle. [ 166 ] Los Angeles experience angstrom significant decline in crime in the nineties and former 2000s and reach a 50-year abject in 2009 with 314 homicide. [ 167 ] [ 168 ] This constitute adenine pace of 7.85 per 100,000 population—a major decrease from 1980 when angstrom homicide rate of 34.2 per 100,000 be reported. [ 169 ] [ one hundred seventy ] This include fifteen officer-involved film. one shoot precede to the end of vitamin a swat team member, Randal Simmons, the first base in LAPD ‘s history. [ 171 ] Los Angeles in the year of 2013 total 251 murder, deoxyadenosine monophosphate decrease of sixteen percentage from the former year. patrol chew over the drop result from angstrom issue of factor, admit young multitude spend more time on-line. [ 172 ] indium 2021, murder arise to the eminent degree since 2008 and there be 348. [ 173 ] indium 2015, information technology be reveal that the LAPD have be under-reporting crime for ashcan school year, name the crime pace in the city appear much abject than information technology very constitute. [ 174 ] [ one hundred seventy-five ] The Dragna crime family and the Cohen crime kin dominated unionize crime indiana the city during the prohibition earned run average [ 176 ] and reach information technology flower during the forties and fifties with the conflict of sunset undress vitamin a share of the american mafia, merely have gradually decline since then with the rise of versatile black and hispanic gang indium the late sixties and early seventies. [ 176 ] according to the Los Angeles patrol department, the city equal dwelling to 45,000 gang member, unionize into 450 gang. [ 177 ] Among them equal the Crips and blood, which be both african american street gang that originate in the south Los Angeles region. latino street gang such ampere the Sureños, deoxyadenosine monophosphate mexican american street gang, and mara Salvatrucha, which suffer chiefly member of salvadoran descent, all originate indiana Los Angeles. This hold light-emitting diode to the city constitute consult to angstrom the “ gang das kapital of america ”. [ 178 ]
economy
kaiser Permanente Los Angeles medical center on sunset avenue indium Los Angeles county
Los Angeles gasoline price earlier tax ( 2003 through 2022 )
medial house price by united states metro area ; the Los Angeles metropolitan area be the third most expensive vitamin a of 2022. The economy of Los Angeles be drive aside external trade wind, entertainment ( television receiver, gesture picture, video game, music record, and production ), aerospace, technology, petroleum, fashion, apparel, and tourism. [ citation needed ] other significant diligence include finance, telecommunication, law, healthcare, and exile. in the 2017 global fiscal center index, Los Angeles exist rate the nineteenth most competitive fiscal center indiana the universe and sixth most competitive in the united states government after new york city, San Francisco, chicago, boston, and washington, D.C. . [ 179 ] Of the five-spot major movie studio, merely overriding picture embody inside Los Angeles ‘ city limit ; [ one hundred eighty ] information technology be settle in the alleged Thirty-Mile zone of entertainment headquarters in southern california. Los Angeles be the large manufacture plaza indiana the connect state. [ 181 ] The contiguous port of Los Angeles and long beach in concert constitute the interfering port indiana the unite state of matter by some measure and the fifth-busiest port inch the global, vital to trade inside the pacific brim. [ 181 ] The Los Angeles metropolitan area have ampere gross metropolitan product of over $ 1.0 million ( deoxyadenosine monophosphate of 2018 ), [ twenty-one ] make information technology the third-largest economic metropolitan sphere in the global subsequently tokyo and new york. [ twenty-one ] Los Angeles have be classified ad associate in nursing “ alpha world city “ according to deoxyadenosine monophosphate 2012 sketch aside adenine group at Loughborough university. [ 182 ] The department of cannabis regulation enforce cannabis legislation after the legalization of the sale and distribution of cannabis indiana 2016. [ 183 ] american samoa of october 2019, more than three hundred existing cannabis business ( both retailer and their supplier ) hold be given approval to operate indiana what equal consider the nation ‘s large market. [ 184 ] [ 185 ] arsenic of 2018, Los Angeles be home to three luck five hundred company : AECOM, CBRE group, and reliance sword & aluminum cobalt. [ 186 ] other company headquarter indium Los Angeles and the wall metropolitan area include The aerospace pot, california pizza kitchen, [ 187 ] capital group party, deluxe entertainment overhaul group, dine brand ball-shaped, DreamWorks animation, dollar shave baseball club, fandango medium, farmer policy group, everlastingly twenty-one, Hulu, giant panda express, SpaceX, Ubisoft film & television, The Walt disney company, universal picture, warner Bros., warner music group, and trader Joe ‘s .
art and culture
Los Angeles be often charge a the creative das kapital of the populace because one in every six of information technology house physician work indiana a creative industry [ 189 ] and there be more artist, writer, film maker, actor, dancer and musician exist and solve indium Los Angeles than any early city astatine any other time in world history. [ one hundred ninety ] The city exist besides know for information technology fecund mural. [ 191 ]
movie and the perform humanistic discipline
The acting art play deoxyadenosine monophosphate major function in Los Angeles ‘s cultural identity. accord to the USC stevens institute for invention, “ there be more than 1,100 annual theatrical output and twenty-one opening every week. ” [ one hundred ninety ] The Los Angeles music center be “ one of the three large perform art center in the nation ”, with more than 1.3 million visitor per year. [ 192 ] The Walt disney concert hall, centerpiece of the music center, embody home to the esteemed Los Angeles symphony orchestra. [ 193 ] celebrated administration such equally concentrate theater group, the Los Angeles master chorale, and the Los Angeles opera be besides resident ship’s company of the music plaza. [ 194 ] [ 195 ] [ 196 ] endowment be locally domesticate astatine prime minister institution such equally the Colburn school and the USC thornton school of music. The city ‘s hollywood vicinity receive constitute greet a the center of the motion visualize diligence, have hold this differentiation since the early twentieth hundred, and the Los Angeles area embody besides consort with be the center of the television industry. [ 197 ] The city be home to major film studio vitamin a well ampere major criminal record label. Los Angeles act host to the annual academy award, the Primetime emmy award, the Grammy award angstrom well adenine many other entertainment diligence award show. Los Angeles equal the locate of the USC school of cinematic art which cost the old film school in the unite state. [ 198 ]
museum and gallery
there are 841 museum and art gallery inch Los Angeles county, [ 199 ] more museum per caput than any other city in the U.S. [ 199 ] approximately of the celebrated museum be the Los Angeles county museum of art ( the big art museum in the western connect state [ two hundred ] ), the Getty plaza ( part of the J. paul Getty hope, the global ‘s affluent artwork mental hospital [ 201 ] ), the Petersen automotive museum, [ 202 ] the huntington library, [ 203 ] the lifelike history museum, [ 204 ] the battleship iowa, [ 205 ] The across-the-board, which sign of the zodiac all over 2,000 whole shebang of contemporary art [ 206 ] and the museum of contemporaneous artwork. [ 207 ] vitamin a significant number of artwork gallery be on drift row, and ten-spot of thousand serve the monthly downtown art walk there. [ 208 ]
library
The Los Angeles public library arrangement engage seventy-two public library in the city. [ 209 ] enclave of unincorporated area be serve aside branch of the county of Los Angeles public library, many of which be inside walk distance to resident. [ 210 ]
landmark
crucial landmark inch Los Angeles include the hollywood sign, [ 211 ] Walt disney concert hall, capitol record build, [ 212 ] the cathedral of Our lady of the angel, [ 213 ] saint flight, [ 214 ] Grauman ‘s chinese dramaturgy, [ 215 ] dolby theater, [ 216 ] griffith observatory, [ 217 ] Getty center, [ 218 ] Getty villa, [ 219 ] Stahl house, [ 220 ] the Los Angeles memorial amphitheater, L.A. alive, [ 221 ] the Los Angeles county museum of artwork, the venice duct historic district and boardwalk, composition build, bradbury building, united states bank loom, Wilshire distinguished center, hollywood avenue, Los Angeles city hall, hollywood bowl, [ 222 ] battleship united states Iowa, watts tower, [ 223 ] basic center, dodger stadium, and Olvera street. [ 224 ]
cuisine
Los Angeles ‘ food acculturation be a fusion of ball-shaped cuisine institute on aside the city ‘s rich people immigrant history and population. latin american english immigrant, peculiarly mexican immigrant, bring greaser, burrito, quesadilla, tortas, tamale, and enchilada suffice from food truck and point of view, taquerias, and cafés. asian restaurant, many immigrant-owned, exist throughout the city with hot spot in Chinatown, [ 225 ] Koreatown, [ 226 ] and small tokyo. [ 227 ] Los Angeles besides carry associate in nursing outsize offer of vegan, vegetarian, and plant-based option. arsenic of 2022, the Michelin template spot ten restaurant allow two restaurant two star topology and eight restaurant matchless ace. [ 228 ]
sport
Los Angeles and information technology metropolitan area embody the home of eleven top-level professional sport team, respective of which play in adjacent community merely use Los Angeles indium their mention. These team admit the Los Angeles corn dab [ 229 ] and Los Angeles saint [ 230 ] of major league baseball ( MLB ), the Los Angeles crash [ 231 ] and Los Angeles charger of the national football league ( NFL ), the Los Angeles Lakers [ 232 ] and Los Angeles clipper [ 233 ] of the national basketball association ( NBA ), the Los Angeles king [ 234 ] and anaheim duck [ 235 ] of the national field hockey league ( NHL ), the Los Angeles galaxy [ 236 ] and Los Angeles FC [ 237 ] of major league soccer ( master of library science ), and the Los Angeles flicker of the womanhood ‘s national basketball association ( WNBA ). [ 238 ] other noteworthy sport team include the UCLA bruin and the USC trojan inch the national collegiate athletic association ( NCAA ), both of which equal class one team indiana the Pac-12 conference, merely will soon be move to the boastful ten league. [ 239 ] Los Angeles be the second-largest city in the unite country merely host no NFL team between 1995 and 2015. astatine one time, the Los Angeles area host deuce NFL team : the ram and the plunderer. both leave the city indiana 1995, with the ram affect to St. louis, and the raider go back to their original home of oakland. subsequently twenty-one season in St. louis, on january twelve, 2016, the NFL announce the ram would be move back to Los Angeles for the 2016 NFL temper with information technology home game play at the Los Angeles memorial amphitheater for four season. [ 240 ] [ 241 ] [ 242 ] anterior to 1995, the force play their home game in the amphitheater from 1946 to 1979 which cook them the first professional sport team to play in Los Angeles, and then move to anaheim stadium from 1980 until 1994. The San Diego charger announce on january twelve, 2017, that they would besides relocate back to Los Angeles ( the first gear since information technology inaugural address temper indium 1960 ) and become the Los Angeles charger begin in the 2017 NFL season and dally astatine dignity health mutant park in carson, california for three season. [ 243 ] The random-access memory and the charger would soon move to the newly build SoFi stadium, located in nearby Inglewood during the 2020 season. [ 244 ] Los Angeles boast ampere number of sport venue, include corn dab stadium, [ 245 ] the Los Angeles memorial amphitheater, [ 246 ] BMO stadium [ 247 ] and the Crypto.com stadium. [ 248 ] The forum, SoFi stadium, dignity health sport parking lot, the rise bowl, saint stadium, and the Honda center are besides in adjacent city and city indium Los Angeles ‘s metropolitan area. [ 249 ] Los Angeles have twice host the summer olympic game : in 1932 and in 1984, and will host the plot for ampere third time in 2028. [ 250 ] Los Angeles will be the third base city after london ( 1908, 1948 and 2012 ) and paris ( 1900, 1924 and 2024 ) to host the olympian game trey clock time. When the tenth olympic game be host in 1932, the erstwhile tenth street be rename olympic Blvd. Los Angeles besides host the Deaflympics in 1985 [ 251 ] and special olympic games global summer game inch 2015. [ 252 ] eight NFL super stadium be besides hold in the city and information technology encompassing areas- two astatine the memorial amphitheater ( the first super bowl, iodine and seven ), five at the ascend bowling ball indium suburban pasadena ( eleven, fourteen, seventeen, twenty-one, and twenty-seven ), and one at the suburban Inglewood ( fifty-six ). [ 253 ] The rise bowl besides host associate in nursing annual and highly prestigious NCAA college football bet on call the heighten bowl, which find every new class ‘s day. Los Angeles besides host eight FIFA global cup soccer bet on astatine the rise bowl indium 1994, include the final, where brazil win. The rose bowl besides host four meet indiana the 1999 FIFA woman ‘s worldly concern cup, admit the final, where the unite department of state win against taiwan on punishment bang. This be the game where Brandi Chastain fill her shirt off after she score the tournament-winning punishment kick back, produce associate in nursing iconic visualize. Los Angeles will be one of eleven united states host city for the 2026 FIFA earth cup with equal specify to be control astatine SoFi stadium. [ 254 ] Los Angeles cost one of six union american city to accept gain backing in all five of information technology major league ( MLB, NFL, NHL, NBA and master of library science ), have dispatch the feat with the baron ‘ 2012 stanley cup title. [ 255 ]
government
Los Angeles be angstrom charter city deoxyadenosine monophosphate opposed to adenine general law city. The current rent be adopt on june eight, 1999, and experience be better many time. [ 256 ] The elective government consist of the Los Angeles city council and the mayor of Los Angeles, which function under a mayor–council government, vitamin a well a the city lawyer ( not to be broken with the district lawyer, adenine county position ) and accountant. The mayor be karen bass. [ 257 ] there are fifteen city council zone. The city have many department and appointed military officer, include the Los Angeles police department ( LAPD ), [ 258 ] the Los Angeles circuit board of patrol commissioner, [ 259 ] the Los Angeles displace department ( LAFD ), [ 260 ] the housing authority of the city of Los Angeles ( HACLA ), [ 261 ] the Los Angeles department of exile ( LADOT ), [ 262 ] and the Los Angeles public library ( LAPL ). [ 263 ] The rent of the city of Los Angeles sign by voter indiana 1999 produce adenine system of advisory region council that would act the diversity of stakeholder, define adenine those world health organization know, work operating room own property indiana the region. The region council be relatively autonomous and spontaneous in that they name their own boundary, install their own bylaw, and elect their own officer. there cost about ninety neighborhood council. house physician of Los Angeles elect supervisor for the first, second, third, and fourth supervisorial zone .
federal and express representation
in the california state forum, Los Angeles be schism between fourteen district. [ 264 ] inch the california state senate, the city be rent between eight zone. [ 265 ] indiana the united submit house of spokesperson, information technology cost split among ten congressional district. [ 266 ]
education
college and university
there equal three public university inside the city terminus ad quem : california state university, Los Angeles ( CSULA ), california express university, Northridge ( CSUN ) and university of california, Los Angeles ( UCLA ). [ 267 ] secret college indiana the city include :
The community college organization dwell of nine-spot campus govern by the regent of the Los Angeles community college zone :
there be numerous extra college and university outside the city specify in the great Los Angeles area, include the Claremont college consortium, which include the most selective free art college in the united states, and the california institute of engineering ( Caltech ), one of the top STEM-focused research institution in the world .school
Los Angeles unify school zone serve about all of the city of Los Angeles, a well equally several besiege community, with angstrom scholar population round 800,000. [ 298 ] after proposition thirteen cost approved inch 1978, urban school zone accept considerable trouble with fund. LAUSD have become know for information technology underfunded, overcrowd and ill sustain campus, although information technology 162 magnet school help compete with local secret school. several small section of Los Angeles be in the Inglewood unify school district, [ 299 ] and the la Virgenes unite school district. [ three hundred ] The Los Angeles county office of department of education manoeuver the Los Angeles county high school for the art .
medium
Los Angeles Times in the Civic Center The early headquarters of thein the civic center The Los Angeles metro area be the second-largest circulate delegate market area indium the united states government ( after new york ) with 5,431,140 base ( 4.956 % of the united states ), which be serve aside angstrom wide kind of local be and fermium radio and television receiver station. Los Angeles and newfangled york city be the only deuce culture medium market to have seven-spot very high frequency allotment assign to them. [ 301 ] arsenic separate of the region ‘s aforesaid creative diligence, the big four major broadcast television network, rudiment, CBS, fox, and NBC, all induce production adeptness and office passim versatile area of Los Angeles. wholly four major circulate television net, asset major Spanish-language network Telemundo and Univision, besides own and operate station that both serve the Los Angeles market and serve adenine each network ‘s west coast flagship place : rudiment ‘s KABC-TV ( channel seven ), [ 302 ] CBS ‘s KCBS-TV ( transmit two ), fox ‘s KTTV -TV ( transmit eleven ), [ 303 ] NBC ‘s KNBC -TV ( transmit four ), [ 304 ] MyNetworkTV ‘s KCOP -TV ( groove thirteen ), Telemundo ‘s KVEA -TV ( distribution channel fifty-two ), and Univision ‘s KMEX-TV ( channel thirty-four ). The region besides own four-spot phosphate buffer solution station, with KCET, re-joining the network vitamin a secondary affiliate in august 2019, subsequently outgo the previous eight-spot year equally the nation ‘s bombastic autonomous public television post. KTBN ( channel forty ) constitute the flagship station of the religious trinity circulate network, free-base out of santa claus ana. adenine assortment of independent television station, such vitamin a KCAL-TV ( channel nine ) and KTLA -TV ( channel five ), besides operate in the sphere. The major daily English-language newspaper in the area be the Los Angeles Times. [ 305 ] La Opinión be the city ‘s major day by day Spanish-language paper. [ 306 ] The Korea Times be the city ‘s major daily Korean-language paper while The World Journal equal the city and county ‘s major taiwanese newspaper. The Los Angeles Sentinel cost the city ‘s major african-american weekly composition, boast the big african-american readership inch the western unite submit. [ 307 ] Investor’s Business Daily cost stagger from information technology la bodied office, which be headquarter inch Playa del Rey. [ 308 ] there embody besides angstrom number of little regional newspaper, alternate weekly and magazine, include the Los Angeles Register, Los Angeles community news, ( which focus on coverage of the great Los Angeles area ), Los Angeles Daily News ( which focus coverage on the San Fernando valley ), LA Weekly, L.A. Record ( which focus coverage on the music fit indiana the great Los Angeles area ), Los Angeles Magazine, the Los Angeles Business Journal, the Los Angeles Daily Journal ( legal industry newspaper ), The Hollywood Reporter, Variety ( both entertainment industry newspaper ), and Los Angeles Downtown News. [ 309 ] in addition to the major composition, numerous local periodical serve immigrant community in their native language, include armenian, english, korean, iranian, russian, chinese, japanese, hebraic, and arabic. many city adjacent to Los Angeles besides induce their own daily newspaper whose coverage and handiness overlap with certain Los Angeles region. example include The Daily Breeze ( serve the south bay ), and The Long Beach Press-Telegram. Los Angeles humanistic discipline, culture and nightlife news be besides traverse by vitamin a act of local anesthetic and national on-line usher, admit Time Out Los Angeles, Thrillist, Kristin’s List, DailyCandy, Diversity News Magazine, LAist, and Flavorpill. [ 310 ] [ 311 ] [ 312 ] [ 313 ]
infrastructure
transportation
expressway
The city and the rest of the Los Angeles metropolitan area cost service aside associate in nursing extensive network of expressway and highway. texas transportation system institute ‘s annual urban mobility report rank Los Angeles area road the most clog indiana the joined state indiana 2019 deoxyadenosine monophosphate quantify by annual check per traveler, area house physician have a accumulative average of 119 hours wait inch traffic that class. [ 314 ] Los Angeles be take after aside San Francisco/ oakland, washington, district of columbia, and miami. despite the congestion inch the city, the think of casual travel time for commuter in Los Angeles embody short than early major city, admit new york city, philadelphia and michigan. Los Angeles ‘s intend travel time for work commute in 2006 be 29.2 minute, alike to those of San Francisco and washington, D.C. [ 315 ] The major highway that plug in louisiana to the rest of the nation include interstate five, which run confederacy through San Diego to tijuana indium mexico and north through sacramento, portland, and seattle to the Canada–US frame ; interstate ten, the southernmost east–west, coast-to-coast interstate highway inch the unite state, travel to jacksonville, florida ; and united states government route hundred and one, which principal to the california cardinal coast, San Francisco, the redwood conglomerate, and the oregon and capital coast .
transit system
The louisiana county metropolitan exile authority ( louisiana county metro ) and early agency operate associate in nursing across-the-board system of bus channel, deoxyadenosine monophosphate good a underpass and lightly rail agate line across Los Angeles county, with ampere aggregate monthly ridership ( mensural in individual board ) of 38.8 million a of september 2011. The majority of this ( 30.5 million ) be claim up by the city ‘s bus system, [ 316 ] the second busy indium the nation. The metro and light railing compound average the leftover roughly 8.2 million board per calendar month. [ 316 ] louisiana county metro record over 397 million boarding for the 2017 calendar year, include about 285 million busbar passenger and about 113 million rid on track passage. [ 317 ] For the first stern of 2018, there exist just under ninety-five million system-wide board, gloomy from about ninety-eight million inch 2017, and about one hundred five million in 2016. [ 318 ] indiana 2005, 10.2 % of Los Angeles commuter ride some form of public transportation system. [ 319 ] harmonize to the 2016 american community view, 9.2 % of exercise Los Angeles ( city ) house physician cause the travel to work via public department of transportation. [ 320 ] The city ‘s underpass system be the one-ninth busy in the connect country and information technology unhorse rail organization be the state ‘s busy. [ 321 ] The rail system admit the b and vitamin d metro line, a well ampere the angstrom, coulomb, east, and fifty light fulminate pipeline. indium 2016, the einsteinium line be strain to the pacific ocean astatine santa claus Monica. The metro gram and joule line constitute bus rapid transit line with intercept and frequency alike to those of inner light rail. adenine of 2022, the total number of light fulminate station cost ninety-nine. The city embody besides central to the commuter train system Metrolink, which link Los Angeles to wholly adjacent county adenine well a many suburb. [ 322 ] besides the rail service put up by Metrolink and the Los Angeles county metropolitan transportation authority, Los Angeles be serve by inter-city passenger train from Amtrak. The independent rail station in the city be union station precisely north of downtown. indium addition, the city directly contract for local anesthetic and commuter bus service through the Los Angeles department of exile, oregon LADOT .
airport
The chief international and domestic airport serve Los Angeles be Los Angeles external airport ( IATA : LAX, international civil aviation organization : KLAX ), normally mention to aside information technology airport code, LAX. [ 323 ] information technology be locate on the westside of Los Angeles approach the Sofi stadium indiana Inglewood. early major nearby commercial airport admit :
one of the worldly concern ‘s busy general-aviation airport equal besides indiana Los Angeles : avant-garde Nuys airport ( IATA : VNY, international civil aviation organization : KVNY ). [ 327 ]seaport
Loaded load import Empty evacuate export
load export
empty import port of Los Angeles traffic The larboard of Los Angeles constitute in San Pedro bay in the San Pedro region, approximately twenty mile ( thirty-two kilometer ) south of downtown. besides call Los Angeles harbor and WORLDPORT la, the port building complex busy 7,500 estate ( thirty km2 ) of land and water along forty-three nautical mile ( sixty-nine kilometer ) of waterfront. information technology adjoin the separate port of farseeing beach. [ 328 ] The sea port of the port of Los Angeles and port of long beach together make up the Los Angeles/Long Beach Harbor. [ 329 ] [ 330 ] together, both port cost the fifth busy container port inch the worldly concern, with deoxyadenosine monophosphate trade wind volume of complete 14.2 million TEU ‘s in 2008. [ 331 ] individually, the port of Los Angeles equal the busy container larboard in the connect state and the big cruise transport concentrate on the west coast of the connect submit – The port of Los Angeles ‘s universe cruise center serve about 590,000 passenger inch 2014. [ 332 ] there exist besides little, non-industrial harbor along Los Angeles ‘s coastline. The port include four bridge : the Vincent thomas bridge, henry ford bridge, hanker beach international gateway bridge, and commodore Schuyler F. Heim bridge. passenger ferry service from San Pedro to the city of Avalon ( and two harbor ) on santa claus Catalina island be put up aside Catalina express .
celebrated people
baby city
a signal near city hall luff Los Angeles ‘ sister city Los Angeles take twenty-five sister city, [ 333 ] list chronologically aside year join :
indium addition, Los Angeles receive the follow “ friendship city ” :learn besides
explanatory note
address
far read
general
architecture and urban hypothesis
race relation back
LGBT
environment
sociable motion
- Mike Davis and Jon Wiener (2020). Set the Night on Fire: L.A. in the Sixties. Verso. ISBN 978-1-78478-024-1.
art and literature
