Câu trực tiếp, câu gián tiếp ( Reported Speech ) – cách dùng và bài tập có đáp án

14/10/2022 admin

Câu trực tiếp – Câu Gián tiếp là một phần ngữ pháp căn bản rất quan trọng trong Tiếng Anh. Vậy Câu trực tiếp – gián tiếp hay câu tường thuật là gì? Cách làm bài tập dạng câu trực tiếp – gián tiếp như thế nào? Có bao nhiêu loại câu tường thuật? Cùng tham khảo trong bài viết sau nhé.

Tất tần tật kiến thức và bài tập về thì quá khứ hoàn thành

I. KHÁI NIỆM

Câu tường thuật là câu thuật lại lời nói trực tiếp.

  • Lời nói trực tiếp (direct speech): là nói chính xác điều ai đó diễn đạt (còn gọi là trích dẫn). Lời của người nói sẽ được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép.

Ví dụ: She said ,” The exam is difficult”. “The exam is difficult” là lời nói trực tiếp hay câu trực tiếp.

  • Lời nói gián tiếp – câu tường thuật (indirect speech): Là thuật lại lời nói của một người khác dưới dạng gián tiếp, không dùng dấu ngoặc kép.

Ví dụ: Hoa said,”I want to go home” -> Hoa said she wanted to go home là câu gián tiếp (indirect speech).

>>> TÌM HIỂU THÊM:

  • Tất tần tật kiến thức về câu bị động (Passive Voice) – kiến thức thể bị động
  • Tổng hợp kiến thức câu hòn đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh
  • Toàn bộ kiến thức về câu tường thuật không thể bỏ lỡ

II. CÁCH CHUYỂN CÂU TRỰC TIẾP SANG CÂU GIÁN TIẾP

Khi chuyển từ một lời nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp khá đơn giản, chúng ta chỉ cần ghép nội dung tường thuật ở phía sau câu nói và hạ động từ của nó xuống một cấp quá khứ, đại từ được chuyển đổi cho phù hợp. Tuy nhiên, cần lưu ý một số vấn đề sau:

+ Nếu động từ tường thuật (reporting verb) chia ở các thì hiện tại chúng ta giữ nguyên thì (tense) của động từ chính, đại từ chỉ định và các trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn cũng như trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong câu trực tiếp khi chuyển sang gián tiếp.
Ví dụ: 
   –  He says: “I’m going to Ha Noi next week.”
   ⇒ He says he is going to Ha Noi next week.

+ Nếu động từ tường thuật ( reporting verb ) của câu ở thì quá khứ thì phải lùi động từ chính về quá khứ một bậc khi chuyển từ lời nói trực tiếp ( direct speech ) sang lời nói gián tiếp ( indirect / reported speech ) theo quy tắc sau :

  • Biến đổi thì của động từ và động từ khuyết thiếu theo bảng sau:

Câu trực tiếp

Câu gián tiếp

Present simple Past simple
Present continuous Past continuous
Present perfect Past perfect
Past simple Past perfect
Present perfect continuous Past perfect continuous
Past continuous Past perfect continuous
will would
can could
must / have to had to
may might
  • Biến đổi đại từ và các từ hạn định theo bảng sau:

 

Câu trực tiếp

Câu gián tiếp

Chủ ngữ I he / she
You I / We / They
We We / They
Tân ngữ me him / her
you me / us / them
us us / them
Đại từ chiếm hữu my his / her
your my / our / their
our our / their
Đại từ chiếm hữu mine his / hers
yours mine / ours / theirs
ours ours / theirs
Đại từ chỉ định this the / that
these the / those
  • Biến đổi trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn theo bảng sau:

Câu trực tiếp

Câu gián tiếp 

here there
now then / at that moment
today / tonight that day / that night
tomorrow the next day
next week the following week
yesterday

the previous day
the day before

last week the week before
ago before

NOTE: Khi chuyển động từ các bạn chỉ cần nhớ lấy động từ gần chủ ngữ nhất giảm xuống 1 cột tức là:

  • Động từ ở cột 1 thì giảm xuống cột 2, ( nhớ thêm ed khi không phải là đông từ bất quy tắc )
  • Động từ cột 2 thì giảm thành cột 3
  • Động từ cột 3 thêm had phía trước

Tuy nhiên, cần chú ý quan tâm 1 số ít trường hợp sau đây không giảm thì động từ :

  • Nói về chân lý, thực sự .
  • Thì quá khứ hoàn thành xong .
  • Trong câu có năm xác lập .
  • Các câu có cấu trúc sau : if only, as if, as though, wish, would rather, it’s high time, IF loại 2, 3 .

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III. CÁC LOẠI CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT

1. Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu kể

S + say(s)/said + (that) + S + V

  • says / say to + O -> tells / tell + O
  • said to + O -> told + O

Eg : He said to me ” I haven’t finished my work ” -> He told me he hadn’t finished his work .

2. Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu hỏi

a.Yes/No questions:

S+asked/wanted to know/wondered+if/wether+S+V

Ex : ” Are you angry ? ” he asked -> He asked if / whether I was angry .

b.Wh-questions:

S + asked(+O)/wanted to know/wondered + Wh-words + S + V.

* says / say to + O -> asks / ask + O
* said to + O -> asked + O .
Ex : ” What are you talking about ? ” said the teacher. -> The teacher asked us what we were talking about .

3. Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu mệnh lệnh

*Khẳng địnhS + told + O + to-infinitive.

Ex : ” Please wait for me here, Mary. ” Tom said -> Tom told Mary to wait for him there .

*Phủ định: S + told + O + not to-infinitive.

Ex : ” Don’t talk in class ”, the teacher said to us. – > The teacher told us not to talk in class .

4. Một số dạng câu tường thuật đặc biệt

-> SHALL / WOULD dùng để miêu tả đề xuất, lời mời :

Tom asked : ‘ Shall I bring you some tea ? ‘

-> Tom offered to bring me some tea .

Tom asked : ‘ Shall we meet at the theatre ? ‘

-> Tom suggested meeting at the theatre .

-> WILL/ WOULD/ CAN/ COULD dùng để diễn tả sự yêu cầu:

Tom asked : ‘ Will you help me, please ? ‘

-> Tom asked me to help him .

Jane asked Tom : ‘ Can you open the door for me, Tom ? ‘

-> Jane asked Tom to open the door for her .

Nếu bạn muốn nhận tư vấn tham gia các khóa học của Anh ngữ Ms Hoa với Đội ngũ giảng viên giỏi trực tiếp giảng dạy và giáo trình tự biên soạn chuẩn theo format đề thi, phù hợp với từng trình độ của Học viên. Bạn Hãy đăng ký ngay

Thang điểm toeic tại Ms Hoa

IV. BÀI TẬP

Bài 1: Hoàn thành các câu sau.

1. “Where is my umbrella?” she asked.
She asked………………………………………………………….

2. “How are you?” Martin asked us.
Martin asked us………………………………………………………….

3. He asked, “Do I have to do it?”
He asked………………………………………………………….

4. “Where have you been?” the mother asked her daughter.
The mother asked her daughter…………………………………….

5. “Which dress do you like best?” she asked her boyfriend.
She asked her boyfriend………………………………………………………….

6. “What are they doing?” she asked.
She wanted to know………………………………………………………….

7. “Are you going to the cinema?” he asked me.
He wanted to know………………………………………………………….

8. The teacher asked, “Who speaks English?”
The teacher wanted to know…………………………………………….

9. “How do you know that?” she asked me.
She asked me………………………………………………………….

10. “Has Caron talked to Kevin?” my friend asked me.
My friend asked me………………………………………………………….

11. “What’s the time?” he asked.
→ He wanted to know ………………………………………….. .

12. “When will we meet again?” she asked me.
→ She asked me ………………………………………….. .

13. “Are you crazy?” she asked him.
→ She asked him ………………………………………….. .

14. “Where did they live?” he asked.
→ He wanted to know ………………………………………….. .

15. “Will you be at the party?” he asked her.
→ He asked her ………………………………………….. .

16. “Can you meet me at the station?” she asked me.
→ She asked me ………………………………………….. .

17. “Who knows the answer?” the teacher asked.
→ The teacher wanted to know ………………………………………….. .

18. “Why don’t you help me?” she asked him.
→ She wanted to know ………………………………………….. .

19. “Did you see that car?” he asked me.
→ He asked me ………………………………………….. .

20. “Have you tidied up your room?” the mother asked the twins.
→ The mother asked the twins ………………………………………….. 

21. “Stop talking, Joe,” the teacher said.
→ The teacher told Joe ………………………………………….. .

22. “Be patient,” she said to him.
→ She told him ………………………………………….. .

23. “Go to your room,” her father said to her.
→ Her father told her ………………………………………….. .

24. “Hurry up,” she said to us.
→ She told us ………………………………………….. .

25. “Give me the key,” he told her.
→ He asked her ………………………………………….. .

26. “Play it again, Sam,” she said.
→ She asked Sam ………………………………………….. .

27. “Sit down, Caron” he said.
→ He asked Caron ………………………………………….. .

28. “Fill in the form, Sir,” the receptionist said.
→ The receptionist asked the guest ………………………. .

29. “Take off your shoes,” she told us.
→ She told us ………………………………………….. .

30. ” Mind your own business, ” she told him .
→ She told him ………………………………………….. .

31. “Don’t touch it,” she said to him.
→ She told him ………………………………………….. .

32. “Don’t do that again,” he said to me.
→ He told me ………………………………………….. .

33. “Don’t talk to me like that,” he said.
→ He told her ………………………………………….. .

34. “Don’t repair the computer yourself,” she warned him.
→ She warned him ………………………………………….. .

35. “Don’t let him in,” she said.
→ She told me ………………………………………….. .

36. “Don’t go out without me,” he begged her.
→ He begged her ………………………………………….. .

37. “Don’t forget your bag,” she told me.
→ She told me ………………………………………….. .

38. “Don’t eat in the lab,” the chemistry teacher said.
→ The chemistry teacher told his students ……………………… .

39. “Don’t give yourself up,” he advised her.
→ He advised her ………………………………………….. .

40. “Don’t hurt yourselves, boys,” she said.
→ She told the boys ………………………………………….. .

Bài 2: Bài tập câu tường thuật pha trộn negative và positive

1. She said, “Go upstairs.”
→ She told me ………………………………………….. .

2. “Close the door behind you,” he told me.
→ He told me ………………………………………….. .

3. “Don’t be late,” he advised us.
→ He advised us ………………………………………….. .

4. “Stop staring at me,” she said.
→ She told him ………………………………………….. .

5. “Don’t be angry with me,” he said.
→ He asked her ………………………………………….. .

6. “Leave me alone,” she said.
→ She told me ………………………………………….. .

7. “Don’t drink and drive,” she warned us.
→ She warned us ………………………………………….. .

8. “John, stop smoking,” she said.
→ She told John ………………………………………….. .

9. “Don’t worry about us,” they said.
→ They told her ………………………………………….. .

10. “Meet me at the cinema.” he said.
→ He asked me ………………………………………….. .

11. He said, “I like this song.”
→ He said ………………………………………….. .

12. “Where is your sister?” she asked me.
→ She asked me ………………………………………….. .

13. “I don’t speak Italian,” she said.
→ She said ………………………………………….. .

14. “Say hello to Jim,” they said.
→ They asked me ………………………………………….. .

15. “The film began at seven o’clock,” he said.
→ He said that ………………………………………….. .

16. “Don’t play on the grass, boys,” she said.
→ She told ………………………………………….. .

17. “Where have you spent your money?” she asked him.
→ She asked him ………………………………………….. .

18. “I never make mistakes,” he said.
→ He said ………………………………………….. .

19. “Does she know Robert?” he wanted to know.
→ He wanted ………………………………………….. .

20. “Don’t try this at home,” the stuntman told the audience.
→ The stuntman advised ………………………………………….. .

21. “I was very tired,” she said.
→ She said ………………………………………….. .

22. “Be careful, Ben,” she said.
→ She told ………………………………………….. .

23. “I will get myself a drink,” she says.
→ She said ………………………………………….. .

24. “Why haven’t you phoned me?” he asked me.
→ He wondered ………………………………………….. .

25. “I cannot drive them home,” he said.
→ He said ………………………………………….. .

26. “Peter, do you prefer tea or coffee?” she says.
→ She asked ………………………………………….. .

27. “Where did you spend your holidays last year?” she asked me.
→ She asked ………………………………………….. .

28. He said, “Don’t go too far.”
→ He advised her ………………………………………….. .

29. “Have you been shopping?” he asked us.
→ He wanted ………………………………………….. .

30. “Don’t make so much noise,” he says.
→ He asked ………………………………………….. .

ĐÁP ÁN

Bài 1:

1- She asked me where her umbrella was. 21- The teacher told Joe to stop talking.
2- Martin asked us how we were. 22- She told him to be patient.
3- He asked if he had to do it. 23- Her father told her to go to her room.
4- The mother asked her daughter where she had been. 24- She told us to hurry up.
5- She asked her boyfriend which dress he liked best. 25- He asked her to give him the key.
6- She wanted to know what they were doing. 26- She asked Sam to play it again.
7- He wanted to know if I was going to the cinema. 27- He asked Caron to sit down.
8- The teacher wanted to know who spoke English. 28- The receptionist asked the guest to fill in the form.
9- She asked me how I knew that. 29- She told us to take off our shoes.
10- My friend asked me if Caron had talked to Kevin. 30- She told him to mind his own business.
11- He wanted to know what time it was. 31- She told him not to touch it.
12- She asked me when we would meet again 32- He told me not to do that again.
13- She asked him if he was crazy. 33- He told her not to talk to him like that.
14- He wanted to know where they had lived. 34- She warned him not to repair the computer himself.
15- He asked her if she would be at the party. 35- She told me not to let him in.
16- She asked me if I could meet her at the station. 36- He begged her not to go out without him.
17- The teacher wanted to know who knew the answer. 37- She told me not to forget my bag.
18- She wanted to know why he didn’t help her. 38- The chemistry teacher told his students not to eat in the class.
19- He asked me if I had seen that car. 39- He advised her not to give herself up.
20- The mother asked the twins if they had tidied up their room. 40- She told the boys not to hurt themselves.

Bài 2:

1- She told me to go upstairs. 16- She told the boys not to play on the grass.
2- He told me to close the door behind me. 17- She asked him where he had spent his money.
3- He advised us not to be late. 18- He said that he never made mistakes.
4- She told him to stop staring at her. 19- He wanted to know if she knew Robert.
5- He asked her not to be angry with him. 20- The stuntman advised the audience not to try that at home.
6- She told me to leave her alone. 21- She said that she had been very tired.
7- She warned us not to drink and drive. 22- She told Ben to be careful.
8- She told John to stop smoking. 23- She said she would give herself a drink.
9- They told her not to worry about them. 24- He wondered why I hadn’t phoned him.
10- He asked me to meet him at the cinema. 25- He said that he could not drive them home.
11- He said that he liked that song. 26- She asked Peter if he preferred tea or coffee.
12- She asked me where my sister was. 27- She asked me where I had spent my holidays the previous year.
13- She said that she didn’t speak Italian. 28- He advised her not to go too far.
14- They asked me to say hello to Jim. 29- He wanted to know if we had been shopping.
15- He said that the film had began at seven o’clock. 30- He asked us not to make so much noise.

LUYỆN TẬP THÊM

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Hi vọng rằng với các kiến thức bổ ích bên trên, các bạn hoàn toàn có thể làm chủ kiến thức về câu tường thuật, câu gián tiếp và trực tiếp trong tiếng anh. Đây là một trong số những kiến thức mà một số bạn đã chủ quan bỏ qua để rồi để mất điểm một cách hết sức đáng tiếc.

Cô Hoa rất mong các học tập thật tốt và hoàn thành xong tiềm năng mà mình đã đề ra. Đăng ký nhận tư vấn lộ trình học ngay ngày hôm nay :

MS HOA TOEIC

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