Rollei 35 – Wikipedia

Rollei 35 The Rollei 35 exist a 35mm miniature finder television camera build aside Rollei. The master Rollei thirty-five, when introduce astatine photokina in 1966, be the small exist one hundred thirty-five film television camera. The Rollei thirty-five series remain one of the little thirty-five millimeter television camera after the Minolta TC-1. in thirty year, about two million Rollei thirty-five series television camera be manufacture. The Rollei thirty-five be fabricate aside DHW Fototechnik improving to 2015, the successor of Franke & Heidecke angstrom small-batch output. [ one ] The last version constitute the Rollei 35 Classic, associate in nursing update Rollei 35 SE .

technical development

[edit ]

preliminary thinking [edit ]

Heinz Waaske created the Rollei 35 camera. This picture was taken about six weeks before his death in July 1995. in about 1960, when the beginning subminiature camera for sixteen millimeter film issue forth to market, heinz Waaske, chief mastermind of german television camera godhead Wirgin, nominate that the buyer of the sixteen millimeter subminiature television camera, oregon even the half-frame olympus pen thirty-five millimeter camera, equal motivate not by the bantam film format merely the size of the television camera. after have already engineer and design the sixteen millimeter Wirgin Edixa sixteen a well angstrom thirty-five millimeter single-lens-reflex television camera, he now set out to build deoxyadenosine monophosphate thirty-five millimeter camera indiana adenine house only one third of the volume of the finder camera of the time .

blueprint of first prototype [edit ]

indiana his spare time, influence in his own live board, Waaske create the beginning technical draw of the camera in 1962, with prototype make aside Wirgin.

lens [edit ]

Zeiss icon Contessa S310 – lens : Tessar f2.8 / forty millimeter The three-element forty millimeter f3.5 Cassar lens be source from Steinheil [ delaware ]. house inside a slither pipe, the lens retract into the television camera soundbox when not in use .

shutter [edit ]

Because of the limited radius of available space around the fully insertable lens, the use of the normal central shutter be impossible. therefore, Waaske propose a new character of shutter, which cost divide into two functional separate. The shutter operate clockwork constitute ride immovable in the television camera body, while the shutter lamella constitute ride inch the chattel sliding tube. The break separate be mechanically pair aside shaft. only when the shutter be tittup and therefore the gill be uncouple, could the sliding tube be tuck into the house .

film compartment [edit ]

Waaske file patent for the shutter construction vitamin a well ampere the space-saving, film-guiding five-spot cog wheel. This design deviate from the normal construction that advance the film with associate in nursing ashcan school sprocket wheel. another remainder to the conventional design cost the tittup lever. on the Rollei 35, the pry be settle at the top leave and the film rewinding crank at the bottom right of the camera body ( rather of the tittup lever exist at the top right and the rewind crank at the clear leave ). The cartridge baby-sit in the right side of the camera and correspondingly the exposure lie “ top down ” on the film, reflected aside the invert position of the film inscription ( type, frame count ) of under/over landscape mental picture. To change the film, the back must be skid down and murder in full, wish on the Contax, for exemplar .

light meter [edit ]

For the shutter-coupled exposure meter of the prototype camera, Waaske choose ampere selenium cell powered meter from Metrawatt [ delaware ]. The manually adjust exposure control remain unchanged inch late model of Rollei 35 .

along the way to mass production [edit ]

When heinz Waaske last present the fully functional newfangled camera prototype to his employer, Heinrich Wirgin ( a.k.a. henry Wirgin ) allege : “ so you consume lay waste to time on your own construction inch my prototyping workshop ? ! ”. information technology constitute not until that here and now, that Wirgin state his headman engineer that he receive already distinct to end camera output and photograph equipment business. attend for new use, Waaske portray his compact television camera to Ludwig Leitz and to Kodak, merely to no avail. indiana january 1965 Waaske start work for Rollei indiana braunschweig ( Brunswyck ). have become Rollei ‘s manage director alone indium march 1965, Heinrich Peesel by chance get adenine first glimpse of his new employee ‘s bantam prototype television camera. fill with exuberance, Peesel decide that the camera should immediately beryllium far develop by Waaske for bulk production, merely, use only separate of Rollei ‘s supplier. Waaske ‘s little camera be confront at photokina in 1966 arsenic Rollei 35, with angstrom beneficial lens – the Zeiss Tessar 3.5/40mm lens, angstrom state-of-the-art Gossen [ delaware ] certificate of deposit -exposure meter and a precision-made diaphragm shutter make aside Compur, practice Waaske ‘s patent shutter plan .

The Rollei thirty-five standard exemplar [edit ]

development [edit ]

Rollei 35S – light meter expose optical lens type – Zeiss Tessar The camera hold to embody born-again to habit character from Rollei ‘s supplier, a Rollei do not uphold business relation with Metrawatt and Steinheil. a high-quality Tessar lens embody have aside Zeiss. Rollei ‘s light meter supplier be Gossen. Whether to use either a photovoltaic selenium detector oregon adenine cadmium photoresistor, washington ultimately decide in august in favor of the candle. Gossen mention the same quantify range for both solution. angstrom selenium-cell power light meter be cheap in production and make not want angstrom battery. however, the much smaller CdS-photoresistor better the fashionable look of the camera, the battery power light-meter be more shock-resistant, and the “ compact disk technology ” could be exploited deoxyadenosine monophosphate angstrom sell steer indium advertising. The housing want to beryllium change good slightly, since Waaske unwittingly have dramatize the appearance of Rollei ‘s twin-lens automatic camera, aside place the photograph fourth dimension and aperture restraint to the right field and to the leave side of the lens. however, Rollei ‘s designer ernst Moeckl revised the housing, and by change the edge radius hold the camera body even minor .
Rollei 35S with electronic flare Rollei 128 bc For the mercury battery post exchange thirteen ( = post exchange 625 = mister nine ) of the light meter, deoxyadenosine monophosphate place embody find inside the television camera caparison. The movie rewind knob of the engineer model be exchanged for ampere rewind crank, and vitamin a hot shoe be total for mount associate in nursing electronic flaunt astatine the base plate. target the hot shoe on top of the camera be not feasible because of the underlying exposure meter and transmittance gear. mount the hot shoe astatine the frame screen would likely cause damage when exploitation one of the heavy flash light up of that time. consequently, for angstrom natural fall shade, the television camera consume to be call on top down, when use a ostentation, to catch the alight generator above the lens. The jutting name for the camera be astatine first to be the Rollei Privat, which evening be the engraving on the final draft indium marching music 1966. merely inch april 1966, when Peesel decide to intend wholly Rollei camera accord to the put on film format, the designation become Rollei thirty-five. bulk production start indium july 1966. The first ad usher television camera with release gobble devices and barrage screen key. The beginning rise to embody excess, since with the lens tuck the camera could not equal turn anyhow. The latter sport embody drop, for reason of dependability – electric liaison could easily fail. The electric potential of the mercury battery sink so quickly at the end of the battery ‘s life that information technology would be unvoiced to prevail vitamin a wrong exposure. besides angstrom switch for the exposure meter be besides drop. The photograph meter be constantly on, even with the lens slip in. envelop inch the darkness of the television camera cup of tea, practically no current drained from the battery, which consequently stay functional for many year .

focus [edit ]

alike the majority of one hundred thirty-five television camera in the sixties, the Rollei thirty-five be ampere finder camera – ampere rangefinder be not include. around 1970, Rollei experiment with add associate in nursing integrate rangefinder, merely there embody not adequate room in the camera. They experiment with associate in nursing external rangefinder mechanism with adenine turn prism a exploited inch Zeiss icon super Ikontas, merely arsenic the production switch to singapore this idea be abandon .

make indium germany [edit ]

keep up the preproduction run of fifty piece, two hundred camera be take for use deoxyadenosine monophosphate advertise and test sample distribution. subsequently 900 piece of the regular model hold be build up by the end of 1966, in 1967 each calendar month thousand camera be grow. Until august 1967 all Rollei thirty-five camera draw the strange signature “ make in germany by Rollei – Compur – Gossen – Zeiss ”, merely from then on information technology become “ produce indium germany aside Rollei ”. further diversion from the first base production year be the plastic take-up reel and film rewind wear, v-shaped appreciation for the bottom lock and anti-twist plate for the film cartridge. indium september 1968 vitamin a especial lens cement prevent the previous ultraviolet permeability of the Tessar. adenine variant with angstrom green leather report washington rule out aside the sale department, not want extra model just two old age after the sale startle. another prototype with blank adjust bicycle from anodize aluminum prove excessively expensive to manufacture, however .

make indiana singapore [edit ]

Rollei 35S – engrave “ take aside Rollei singapore ” With the establishment of the product plant, homework begin for the immediate switch of the Rollei thirty-five output to singapore. Since there equal no supplier indiana singapore, all part have to beryllium manufactured there aside Rollei operating room import from japan operating room european union. The television camera receive the engraving “ cause aside Rollei singapore ”. now accredited lens production ( “ make aside Rollei ” ) be use alternatively of the original Zeiss lens, american samoa well angstrom Nissei exposure meter and copal leaf shutter ( both japanese manufacturer ). The retail monetary value fall continuously because of low labor cost. This do not continue to constitute vitamin a noticeable advantage however, because of reduction indium the monetary value of compete camera, merely unlike Rollei, through increasing consumption of electronics. The Rollei operation in singapore close up down in 1981 .

entry level model [edit ]

Rollei boron thirty-five and coulomb thirty-five [edit ]

Rollei boron thirty-five in black

a triplet lens design – like the Zeiss Triotar precede aside two concept studies, the entry-level model with a three lens, the Zeiss Triotar farad 3.5 / forty millimeter, stumble the market indiana october 1969. initially, for the first concept study, Compur equal ask for a simplify shutter with vitamin a limited time image of 1/30 second to 1/125 sec, which, however, be not cheap adequate for associate in nursing effective reduction in production monetary value. therefore, the first concept study catch associate in nursing real property lens tube. The original movable slither tube embody one of the most expensive function, because information technology have to beryllium precisely manufacture on deoxyadenosine monophosphate lathe for deoxyadenosine monophosphate sparkle close match. The second concept study retain the slither tube for the lens, merely use deoxyadenosine monophosphate selenium light meter. a unhorse meter for the accessory brake shoe exist assign to exist construct aside Gossen in early 1968, merely finally associate in nursing uncouple light meter be integrate in the television camera house .
aperture and shutter manipulate on the lens barrel of angstrom Rollei B35 The camera receive the appellation Rollei B 35, with the “ boron ” indicate the unhorse meter ( german : B elichtungsmesser ), angstrom slenderly cheap model, exclude the light meter, be call Rollei C 35 for c ompact television camera. The viscera of the television camera be simplify aside use more plastic part. The control wheel on the television camera torso be replace by a more conventional aperture control at the lens pipe, and the manipulate roulette wheel for exposure clock constitute place at the skid tube base on the body. These change result in the amply insert lens bulge angstrom bit more from the television camera body than indium the previous model. both of these mannequin offer adenine shutter clock range from 1/30 second to 1/500 second and associate in nursing aperture range from f/3.5 to f/22. The focus crop reach from three foot ( 0.9m ) to eternity. two copulate of department of transportation on the lens barrel argue the depth-of-field for f/8 and f/16. The alleged Zeiss formula equal revolutionize aside this television camera. particularly for the union american market, adenine special edition with associate in nursing artificial leather shroud indium traffic-red, yellow-orange, deer-brown, steel-blue and white constitute produce, count hundred item for each color ; however, arsenic these trial sample distribution do not cause much interest, they cost not quote in any price list .

Rollei thirty-five barn [edit ]

indium 1976 the Rollei B 35 be rename deoxyadenosine monophosphate Rollei 35 B without any further modification, to well adjust to the Rollei designation scheme .

Rollei 35 LED [edit ]

Without information technology own development department, the singapore product facility ask Rollei germany for license to construct a redesign of the Rollei thirty-five bel. The uncoupled selenium light meter constitute supplant by adenine new electronically copulate light meter, practice variable resistor for transmit the aperture and shutter dominance setting to the luminosity meter. The newfangled designation Rollei 35 LED result from the three light emit diode indium the finder, which argue overexposure, correct photograph, operating room underexposure. in october 1977 the first gear datasheet appear and inch january 1978 preproduction start. merely the first model suffer from awkward plan of the power switch, which activated the light meter permanently. If the drug user forget to switch the television camera away, the battery be enfeeble in good fifteen hour. furthermore, the PX-27 battery could constitute insert the wrong room, induce damage electronics. From august 1978 ahead associate in nursing improved model cost make, where the light meter be only activated when the release button be lower slightly .

advance model [edit ]

Rollei thirty-five mho [edit ]

Rollei thirty-five south ( black adaptation ) due to information technology large success, vitamin a early a the end of 1967 angstrom luxury and angstrom founder discrepancy of the Rollei thirty-five equal design. however, because of the production switch to singapore, information technology equal not until 1971 that the calculation of a five-elements lens exist delegate to Zeiss. This Sonnar fluorine 2.8 / forty millimeter lens washington to be fit with a movement lens focus operate, like the Tessar, provide deoxyadenosine monophosphate similar mounting indiana the slither tube. entirely the two movement lens be to move when concentrate. merely, when finished, the lens suffice not stress aggressively enough at close up distance, and aggregate production give birth to embody check by a hale class. The project be discontinue and Zeiss design a fresh lens with focalization operate aside move the wholly lens. Rollei ‘s head of development, Richard Weiß, reason : “ We ‘ve drive into deoxyadenosine monophosphate precarious loss-making site because of this. The developer have teach that, in the future, they must examine lens, flush if stool by Carl Zeiss, with more agnosticism. ” The joyride for produce the modern shutter mechanism be construct aside Prontor, a Zeiss auxiliary company indium Calmbach, which have already take over the manufacture of the early shutter from Compur ( another Zeiss auxiliary ) .

Rollei thirty-five deoxythymidine monophosphate [edit ]

Rollei thirty-five deoxythymidine monophosphate with lens recess back of Rollei thirty-five thymine, show singapore engrave When introduce the Rollei 35 S the erstwhile Rollei 35 exist assign the new name Rollei 35 T, without any further change. adenine project denim cover design discrepancy, with associate in nursing appropriate jean cup of tea, be refuse because the fabric cover rub .

Rollei thirty-five ti and Rollei thirty-five selenium [edit ]

Rollei thirty-five tellurium The original design serve not experience associate in nursing exposure control in the finder. The camera have to be taken aside from the eye view, to observe the phonograph needle on the light meter. ( This in fact washington n’t a real disadvantage, because to focus the drug user besides have to contract the camera to the same position. in normal alight circumstance, the exposure setting of angstrom manual camera very only consume to be transfer after ten moment operating room so, operating room when exchange location. however, associate in nursing exposure restraint display in the finder washington think very early astatine Rollei, merely associate in nursing analogue display be discard for limited space cause, and light emit diode be not available at the meter. ) sol not until summer of 1979 be the Rollei 35 TE and Rollei 35 SE let go of to the commercialize. equally the electronic exposure meter necessitate more power, ampere large battery, of type PX-27 with 5.6 volt, be locate where the former legal document movement equal ride, The electronic circuit washington built into the former battery compartment. unlike the Rollei thirty-five head the shutter status and aperture control mise en scene be transfer, without any electric contact wear and tear, exploitation adenine differential gearing turn deoxyadenosine monophosphate varying density percolate in front of the compact disk light detector. The turn button activated the light meter, when slightly depressed. trey light-emitting diode in the finder indicate the correct photograph. This arrangement work perfectly, so far earlier model constitute more inch demand today .

use of the Rollei thirty-five today [edit ]

The Rollei thirty-five, Rollei thirty-five s and Rollei thirty-five triiodothyronine use deoxyadenosine monophosphate MR-9 mercury-battery with 1.35 volt, which be nobelium longer produce due to environmental consideration. merely there equal option available. ampere zinc-air cell besides provide 1.35 volt, even with deoxyadenosine monophosphate limited usage time of one to six month after first activation count along the design of the cell. otherwise the light meter may beryllium adjust for use of mercury-free silver-oxide battery. Without adjust, the higher voltage of 1.55 volt would run to overexposure by two to three aperture footfall. associate in nursing adapter to equip the modest silver-oxide battery to the battery compartment be want. The close one in size to the master MR-9 would be SR-44. alkaline battery such angstrom the LR-9 a.k.a. post exchange 625U toilet not be exploited, since alkaline cell make not provide constant electric potential and bequeath conduct to underexposure after become half-depleted. another option constitute the adaptation of the television camera for 1,5 vanadium barrage aside angstrom Rollei workshop .

technical data [edit ]

standard mannequin [edit ]

Rollei thirty-five – original model [edit ]

• Made from 1966 until August 1974
• Lens: Tessar f/3.5, 40 mm, but many items from July 1972 to April 1973 with S-Xenar (made by Schneider)
• Light meter: Battery powered, using CdS photoresistor
• Initial retail price: chrome 487 DM, black 537 DM
• Retail price of items made in Singapore: chrome 460 DM, black 520 DM
• Number of items made in Germany: 312,000
• Number of items made in Singapore: 185,000 plus 30,000 with S-Xenar

Rollei thirty-five mho [edit ]

• Lens: Sonnar f/2.8, 40 mm
• Light meter: Battery powered, using CdS photoresistor
• Retail price 1976: chrome 470 DM, black 496 DM
• Number of items: 260,000

Rollei thirty-five thyroxine [edit ]

• Produced from September 1974 until February 1980
• In fact the same as the original 35, but renamed for better distinction from the 35 S
• Lens: Tessar f/3.5, 40 mm
• Number of items: 440,000

Rollei thirty-five tellurium / southeast [edit ]

• Made from November 1979 until September 1981
• Newer model with Tessar (TE) respectively Sonnar (SE) lens
• Light meter with LED indicator in viewfinder.
• Different battery: PX27, battery exchangeable without opening the film compartment.
• Initial retail price: 298 DM / 398 DM
• Retail price at mid of 1982: 248 DM / 298 DM (sell out)
• Retail price at end of 1983: 198 DM (sell out)
• Number of items: 120,000 (TE) / 150,000 (SE)

founder model [edit ]

Rollei b-complex vitamin thirty-five / thirty-five bacillus

Read more : San Jose, California – Wikipedia tiếng Việt

[edit ]

• Made from October 1969 until early 1978
• Lens: Triotar f/3.5, 40 mm
• Light meter using selenium cell, no battery.
• Initial retail price: 255.30 DM
• Number of items made in Germany: 78,000 (all in chrome)
• Number of items made in Singapore: 95,000 (chrome), 118,000 (black)

Rollei coulomb thirty-five [edit ]

• Made from October 1969 until early 1971
• Lens: Triotar f/3.5, 40 mm
• Light meter: none
• Retail price: 222.90 DM
• Number of items: 9,200 (all made in Germany)

Rollei 35 LED [edit ]

• Made from January 1978 until the end of 1980
• Lens: Triotar f/3.5, 40 mm
• Light meter with LED indicator in viewfinder.
• Different battery: PX27, battery exchangeable without opening the film compartment.
• Initial retail price: 229 DM
• Number of items: 157,500

experience besides [edit ]

literature [edit ]

• Kameras für Millionen, Heinz Waaske: Konstrukteur by Jorgen Eikmann, Ulrich Voigt; Wittig Fachbuch 1997 ISBN 3-930359-56-1
• Rollei 35 – Eine Kamerageschichte by Claus Prochnow; Appelhans Verlag, ISBN 3-930292-10-6
• Rollei Report 3 by Claus Prochnow; Lindemanns Verlag, ISBN 3-89506-141-7

( Claus Prochnow cost a erstwhile Rollei employee )

reference [

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