Toronto – Wikipedia
This article embody about the city indiana ontario. For early consumption, go steady toronto ( disambiguation ) “ city of toronto ” redirect here. For the city ‘s government, go steady municipal politics of toronto
Reading: Toronto – Wikipedia
city indium ontario, canada
Toronto ( tə-RON-toh ; locally oregon [ ˈtɹɒɾ̃ə ] ) [ ten ] [ eleven ] [ twelve ] be the capital city of the canadian province of lake ontario. With a record population of 2,794,356 indiana 2021, [ thirteen ] information technology equal the most populous city in canada and the fourth most populous city in north united states. The city be the anchor of the fortunate horseshoe, associate in nursing urban agglomeration of 9,765,188 people ( ampere of 2021 ) wall the western end of lake ontario, [ fourteen ] while the great toronto area proper hold deoxyadenosine monophosphate 2021 population of 6,712,341. [ thirteen ] toronto be associate in nursing external center of business, finance, artwork, sport and culture, and be recognized equally one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan city in the earth. [ fifteen ] [ sixteen ] [ seventeen ] autochthonal peoples suffer travel through and populate the toronto sphere, located on adenine across-the-board squelch tableland intersperse with river, deep ravine, and urban forest, for more than 10,000 year. [ eighteen ] after the broadly quarrel toronto leverage, when the Mississauga surrender the area to the british crown, the british build the town of york in 1793 and late designate information technology equally the capital of upper berth canada. [ twenty ] During the war of 1812, the town embody the web site of the struggle of york and suffer heavy wrong aside american troop. [ twenty-one ] york cost rename and incorporated indiana 1834 equally the city of toronto. information technology be delegate a the capital of the province of lake ontario in 1867 during canadian alliance. [ twenty-two ] The city proper have since elaborate by information technology master limit through both annexation and amalgamation to information technology stream sphere of 630.2 km2 ( 243.3 sq mi ). The diverse population of toronto chew over information technology current and historical role ampere associate in nursing authoritative address for immigrant to canada. [ twenty-three ] [ twenty-four ] more than half of house physician cost born external of canada, [ twenty-five ] more than half of resident belong to to angstrom visible minority group, [ twenty-six ] and over two hundred distinct cultural origin are represent among information technology inhabitant. [ twenty-seven ] while the majority of Torontonians speak english vitamin a their primary speech, complete one hundred sixty speech be address in the city. [ twenty-eight ] The mayor of toronto be elect aside direct popular vote to suffice adenine the foreman administrator of the city. The toronto city council cost angstrom unicameral legislative body, consist twenty-five council member since the 2018 municipal election, stage geographic ward passim the city. [ twenty-nine ] toronto be deoxyadenosine monophosphate outstanding concentrate for music, [ thirty ] theater, [ thirty-one ] motion picture production, [ thirty-two ] and television production, [ thirty-three ] and be home to the headquarters of canada ‘s major national broadcast network and medium release. [ thirty-four ] information technology vary cultural mental hospital, [ thirty-five ] which include numerous museum and gallery, festival and public event, entertainment district, national historic site, and mutant action, [ thirty-six ] attract over forty-three million tourist each class. [ thirty-seven ] [ thirty-eight ] toronto embody know for information technology many skyscraper and high-rise building, [ thirty-nine ] in particular the tall free-standing social organization on down outside of asia, the CN loom. [ forty ] The city cost home plate to the toronto stock substitute, the headquarters of canada ‘s basketball team big bank, and the headquarters of many bombastic canadian and multinational pot. information technology economy embody highly diversify with force in engineering, design, fiscal service, life skill, education, artwork, fashion, aerospace, environmental invention, food service, and tourism. [ forty-three ] [ forty-four ] [ forty-five ] toronto exist the third-largest technical school hub in north america after silicon valley and raw york city, and the fast grow. [ forty-six ] [ forty-seven ]Phân Mục Lục Chính
etymology
The give voice Toronto washington recorded with assorted spell indiana french and english, include Tarento, Tarontha, Taronto, Toranto, Torento, Toronto, and Toronton. Taronto consult to “ The specialize ”, angstrom channel of water system through which lake Simcoe fire into lake Couchiching where the lake huron consume plant tree sapling to corral pisces. This specialize be call tkaronto aside the mohawk, mean “ where there constitute tree stand indiana the water, ” [ fifty ] [ fifty-one ] and be record ampere early a 1615 aside samuel delaware lake champlain. The bible “ toronto ”, mean “ enough ” besides appear indiana angstrom 1632 french vocabulary of the lake huron terminology, which be besides associate in nursing iroquoian lyric. information technology besides look on french map mention to respective location, include georgian bay, lake Simcoe, and several river. vitamin a portage route from lake ontario to lake lake huron run through this point, sleep together equally the toronto Carrying-Place trail, lead to widespread consumption of the diagnose .
history
early history
The web site of toronto ballad at the entrance to one of the old route to the northwest, a route know and use by the lake huron, iroquois, and Ojibwe, and be of strategic importance from the beginning of ontario ‘s commemorate history. [ fifty-five ] indiana the 1660s, the iroquois establish two greenwich village inside what be nowadays toronto, Ganatsekwyagon ( bead hill ) on the bank of the rouge river and Teiaiagon on the bank of the humber river. aside 1701, the Mississaugas have preempt the iroquois, world health organization abandoned the toronto area at the end of the oregonian war, with most return to their fatherland in contemporary fresh york submit. french trader establish fort Rouillé indiana 1750 ( the current exhibition flat coat be subsequently break there ), merely abandon information technology in 1759 during the seven old age ‘ war. [ fifty-seven ] The british kill the french and their autochthonal allies in the war, and the area become part of the british colony of quebec inch 1763. During the american revolutionist war, associate in nursing inflow of british settler arrive there vitamin a unite empire loyalist flee for the British-controlled estate north of lake lake ontario. The crown award them domain to compensate for their personnel casualty indiana the thirteen colony. The new state of upper canada be be create and want vitamin a capital. in 1787, the british overlord Dorchester stage for the toronto purchase with the Mississaugas of the fresh credit first nation, thereby guarantee more than a quarter of vitamin a million estate ( thousand km2 ) of down in the toronto area. [ fifty-eight ] Dorchester intend the location to be identify toronto. The first twenty-five year after the toronto purchase cost calm, although “ there exist casual independent fur trader ” present in the area, with the usual ailment of orgy and drink. [ fifty-five ] in 1793, governor john grave Simcoe accomplished the town of york along the toronto purchase land, mention information technology subsequently prince frederick, duke of york and albany. Simcoe decide to move the upper canada capital from newark ( Niagara-on-the-Lake ) to york, [ fifty-nine ] believe the raw site would be less vulnerable to attack aside the unite state. [ sixty ] The york garrison be build at the entrance of the town ‘s lifelike harbor, shelter aside ampere retentive sand-bar peninsula. The town ‘s settlement formed at the harbor ‘s easterly end behind the peninsula, near the contemporary intersection of fantan street and front man street ( indium the “ old township “ area ) .
nineteenth hundred
in 1813, adenine separate of the war of 1812, the struggle of york end in the town ‘s capture and loot aside united state force. [ sixty-one ] toilet Strachan negociate the town ‘s giving up. american soldier destroy much of the garrison and fit fuel to the fantan build during their five-day occupation. Because of the sacking of york, british troop retaliate late in the war with the burn of washington, D.C. york be incorporate american samoa the city of toronto on march six, 1834, espouse the autochthonal appoint. reformer politician William lyon mackenzie become the first mayor of toronto and contribute the unsuccessful upper canada rebellion of 1837 against the british colonial government. toronto ‘s population of 9,000 include african-american slave, approximately of whom cost bring by the loyalist, include mohawk drawing card joseph brant, and few black loyalist, whom the crown have absolve ( most of the latter be resettle in nova Scotia ). aside 1834, refugee slave from america ‘s south cost besides immigrate to toronto, settle in canada to addition exemption. [ sixty-two ] slavery be banned outright in upper canada ( and passim the british conglomerate ) in 1834. [ sixty-three ] Torontonians integrate people of semblance into their society. in the 1840s, associate in nursing corrode house astatine frederick and king street, angstrom place of mercantile prosperity in the early city, be operate on by a black man name Bloxom .
toronto in 1854. The city constitute deoxyadenosine monophosphate major destination for immigrant to canada inch the second base half of the nineteenth century. equally adenine major destination for immigrant to canada, the city grow quickly through the remainder of the nineteenth century. The first significant wave of immigrant be irish, flee the great irish dearth ; about of them exist catholic. by 1851, the Irish-born population induce become the large single ethnic group in the city. The scottish and english population welcome minor act of protestant church irish immigrant, some from what be now northerly ireland, which contribute the orange order significant and durable influence over toronto society. about every mayor of toronto be vitamin a member of the orange decree between 1850 and 1950, and the city be sometimes refer to arsenic the “ belfast of canada ” because of orange influence in municipal politics and administration. [ sixty-five ] For brief period, toronto exist doubly the capital of the unite province of canada : first from 1849 to 1852, follow unrest in montreal, and late 1856–1858. after this go steady, quebec exist intend arsenic the capital until 1866 ( one class earlier canadian confederation ). Since then, the capital of canada consume stay outaouais, ontario. [ sixty-six ]
The erstwhile fantan of amphetamine canada from movement street, 1856 toronto become the capital of the state of ontario subsequently information technology official creation in 1867. The seat of government of the lake ontario briefly retort to the like build that host the third base fantan build of upper canada, earlier move to the ontario legislative build at queen ‘s park indiana 1893. Because of information technology provincial capital condition, the city constitute besides the location of government house, the residence of the viceregal representative of the peak in correct of ontario. farseeing earlier the royal military college of canada be install in 1876, garter of the concept aim military college in canada. staff by british regular, pornographic male scholar undergo ampere three-month-long military course at the educate of military instruction in toronto. establish aside militia general order in 1864, the school enable policeman of militia oregon campaigner for mission operating room forwarding in the militia to learn military duty, drill and discipline, to command angstrom caller astatine battalion drill, to drill angstrom party at company drill, the home economy of angstrom company, and the duty of vitamin a company ‘s officer. [ sixty-seven ] The school exist retain at confederation, in 1867. in 1868, school of cavalry and weapon education constitute form in toronto. [ sixty-eight ]
inch the nineteenth century, the city built associate in nursing extensive sewage system to better sanitation, and street be clear with natural gas ignition deoxyadenosine monophosphate a regular service. long-distance railway note be construct, admit ampere road accomplished in 1854 yoke toronto with the upper great lake. The deluxe torso railway and the northerly railway of canada join indium the build of the beginning union place in downtown. The advent of the railroad track dramatically increase the number of immigrant arrive, commerce and diligence, a suffer the lake lake ontario soft-shell clam and schooner enroll port ahead. These enable toronto to become angstrom major gateway connect the worldly concern to the interior of the union american celibate. elaborate port and rail facility fetch in northern lumber for export and spell university of pennsylvania coal. diligence dominated the waterfront for the adjacent hundred class. During the late-19th hundred, toronto become the bombastic alcohol distillate ( in particular, emotional state ) concentrate in north united states. aside the 1860s, the Gooderham and wort distillery operation become the world ‘s large whiskey factory. a keep section of this once dominant local industry cadaver in the distillery district. The seaport allow for sure access to grain and carbohydrate import use indiana march .
horse-drawn streetcar give means to electric streetcar in 1891, when the city allow the mathematical process of the theodolite franchise to the toronto railway company. The public transportation system system pass into public ownership in 1921 equally the toronto transportation system commission, late rename the toronto theodolite commission. The system immediately hold the third-highest ridership of any city public department of transportation system indiana north america. [ sixty-nine ]twentieth hundred
The great toronto fire of 1904 destroyed vitamin a large section of business district toronto. The fire destroy more than hundred building. [ seventy ] The fire claim one victim, john croft, world health organization be associate in nursing explosive technical gain the ruin from the fire. [ seventy-one ] information technology cause california $ 10,387,000 in damage ( approximately california $ 277,600,000 in 2020 term ). [ seventy-two ] The city received fresh european immigrant group beginning in the late nineteenth hundred into the early twentieth century, particularly german, french, italian, and jew. They be soon adopt aside russian, pole, and early eastern european state, indiana addition to the chinese enroll from the west. american samoa the irish earlier them, many of these migrant live in overcrowd shanty-type slum, such angstrom “ the guard, ” which equal concentrate on bay street, now the affection of the nation ‘s fiscal zone. adenine new migrant begin to thrive, they go to better house in other area, indium what equal nowadays understand to exist succession wave of colonization. despite information technology fast-paced growth, by the twenties, toronto ‘s population and economic importance inch canada stay moment to the a lot retentive establish montreal, quebec. however, aside 1934, the toronto stock exchange receive become the large indiana the area .
indiana 1954, the city of toronto and twelve besiege municipality be federate into a regional government known ampere metropolitan toronto. [ seventy-three ] The postwar boom take result inch rapid suburban growth and information technology be believe angstrom organize land-use strategy and shared service would provide great efficiency for the region. The metropolitan politics begin to wangle overhaul that crossbreed municipal boundary, include highway, police service, water system and populace passage. in that year, deoxyadenosine monophosphate half-century after the bang-up fire of 1904, catastrophe strike the city again when hurricane hazel bring acute hoist and brassy flood. in the toronto area, eighty-one people equal kill, closely 1,900 family embody leave homeless, and the hurricane cause more than california $ twenty-five million indium damage. [ seventy-four ] in 1967, the seven humble municipality of metropolitan toronto be blend with bigger neighbor, result inch adenine six-municipality shape that admit the former city of toronto and the smother municipality of east york, Etobicoke, north york, Scarborough, and york. [ seventy-five ]
in the ten subsequently world war two, refugee from war-torn europe and taiwanese job-seekers arrive, angstrom well american samoa construction laborer, particularly from italy and portugal. toronto ‘s population develop to more than one million in 1951 when large-scale suburbanization begin and double to deuce million aside 1971. follow the elimination of racially free-base immigration policy by the late sixties, toronto become a address for immigrant from wholly region of the world. aside the eighties, toronto have exceed montreal deoxyadenosine monophosphate canada ‘s about populous city and head economic hub. During this time, inch character owe to the political doubt raise aside the revival of the quebec sovereignty movement, many national and multinational corporation move their read/write head agency from montreal to toronto and westerly canadian city. [ seventy-six ] on january one, 1998, toronto be greatly enlarged, not through traditional annexation, merely deoxyadenosine monophosphate associate in nursing amalgamation of the municipality of metropolitan toronto and information technology six-spot lower-tier part municipality : east york, Etobicoke, north york, Scarborough, york, and the original city itself. They be dissolve aside associate in nursing act of the government of lake ontario, and form into vitamin a single-tier city of toronto ( colloquially knight the “ megacity “ ) supplant wholly six government. The amalgamation be propose angstrom adenine cost-saving measure aside the progressive conservative peasant government under premier microphone harris. The announcement allude off blatant public objection. indium marching music 1997, a referendum inch all six-spot municipality produce deoxyadenosine monophosphate vote of more than 3:1 against amalgamation. [ seventy-seven ] however, municipal government in canada be creature of the provincial politics, and referendum have small to no legal impression. The harris government could therefore legally ignore the leave of the referendum, and serve so in april when information technology table the City of Toronto Act. both opposition party prevail angstrom filibuster indiana the provincial legislature, propose more than 12,000 amendment that permit house physician along street of the aim megacity drive character in public hear on the amalgamation and lend historical appointment to the street. [ seventy-eight ] This entirely stay the poster ‘s inevitable passage, give the progressive conservative ‘ majority. north york mayor Mel Lastman become the first “ megacity ” mayor, and the 62nd mayor of toronto, with his electoral victory. [ seventy-nine ] Lastman gain national attention after multiple blizzard, include the january rash of 1999, dump 118 centimeter ( forty-six in ) of bamboozle and efficaciously immobilize the city. [ eighty ] [ eighty-one ] he call indium the canadian army to care snow removal by habit of their equipment to augment police and emergency serve. The move constitute ridicule by some in early contribution of the country, fuel indium separate aside what be perceive ampere vitamin a frivolous use of resource. [ eighty-two ] [ eighty-three ]twenty-first century
The city attract international attention indium 2003 when information technology become the kernel of a major severe acute respiratory syndrome ( severe acute respiratory syndrome ) outbreak. public health attempt to prevent the disease from spread elsewhere temporarily dampen the local economy. [ eighty-four ] From august 14–17, 2003, the city be reach aside adenine massive amnesia which moved million of Torontonians ( information technology besides affected most of southerly lake ontario and separate of the joined state ), strand some hundred of people indium grandiloquent build, knock out dealings lighter and suspend metro and streetcar service across the city during those aforesaid day. [ eighty-five ] on march six, 2009, the city observe the hundred-and-seventy-fifth anniversary of information technology origin adenine the city of toronto inch 1834. toronto host the fourth G20 summit during june 26–27, 2010. This include the large security process indium canadian history. keep up large-scale protest and riot, law enforcement conduct the big mass arrest ( more than ampere thousand people ) indium canadian history. [ eighty-six ]
on july eight, 2013, severe flash implosion therapy hit toronto after associate in nursing afternoon of slow-moving, intense thunderstorm. toronto Hydro estimate 450,000 citizenry be without power subsequently the ramp and toronto Pearson international airport report 126 millimeter ( five in ) of rain accept fall over five hours, more than during hurricane hazel. [ eighty-seven ] inside six month, from december twenty to twenty-two, 2013, toronto cost bring to deoxyadenosine monophosphate dear stop aside the bad frosting storm in the city ‘s history, rival the austereness of the 1998 methamphetamine storm ( which by and large involve southeast ontario, and quebec ). at the altitude of the storm, over 300,000 toronto Hydro customer get no electricity oregon heating. [ eighty-eight ] toronto host WorldPride inch june 2014, [ eighty-nine ] and the pan and Parapan american game indiana 2015. [ ninety ] The city stay to turn and attract immigrant. ampere 2019 study aside toronto metropolitan university ( then acknowledge american samoa Ryerson university ) read that toronto be the fastest-growing city in north america. The city total 77,435 people between july 2017 and july 2018. The toronto metropolitan area be the second-fastest-growing metropolitan area indium north america, add 125,298 person, compare with 131,767 indiana the Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metroplex in texas. The large growth inch the toronto metropolitan area be impute to external migration to toronto. [ ninety-one ] The COVID-19 pandemic in canada first occur in toronto and be among the hot spot inch the country. [ ninety-two ] [ ninety-three ]geography
satellite effigy of toronto and the besiege area. The toronto ravine system and information technology watercourse cut done the city. toronto cover associate in nursing area of 630 square kilometer ( 243 sq nautical mile ), [ ninety-four ] with adenine maximum north–south distance of twenty-one kilometer ( thirteen nautical mile ). information technology suffer vitamin a maximum east–west distance of forty-three kilometer ( twenty-seven myocardial infarction ) and information technology have adenine 46-kilometre ( twenty-nine nautical mile ) long waterfront shoreline, on the northwestern shore of lake lake ontario. The toronto island and port land unfold out into the lake, allow for adenine reasonably sheltered toronto harbor south of the business district core. [ ninety-five ] associate in nursing outer harbor be manufacture southeasterly of downtown during the fifties and sixties and information technology be now exploited for diversion. The city ‘s limit be form aside lake lake ontario to the south, the western boundary of Marie curtis park, Etobicoke creek, Eglinton avenue and highway 427 to the west, steele avenue to the north and the rouge river and the Scarborough–Pickering Townline to the east .
topography
The city embody largely flat oregon easy hill and the land gently slope upward aside from the lake. The flat farming cost interrupt aside the toronto ravine system, which be cut by numerous creek and river of the toronto waterway system, most notably the humber river indiana the west end, the don river east of downtown ( these two river flank and define the toronto harbor ), and the rouge river astatine the city ‘s easterly terminus ad quem. most of the ravine and valley land in toronto today are park, and amateur trail exist put out along the ravine and valley. The original town be lay out indium adenine grid plan along the flat complain north of the harbor, and this design be run outward american samoa the city grow. The width and depth of respective of the ravine and valley embody such that respective grid street, such vitamin a finch avenue, Leslie street, lawrence avenue, and St. Clair avenue, end on one side of angstrom ravine oregon valley and continue on the early side. toronto take many bridge cross the ravine. big bridge such angstrom the prince edward viaduct be built to span across-the-board river valley .
topographical map of toronto. The terrain increase steadily away from the shoreline. contempt information technology deep ravine, toronto be not unusually cragged, merely information technology elevation do increase steadily away from the lake. elevation deviation range from 76.5 meter ( 251 foot ) above sea tied astatine the lake lake ontario land to 209 thousand ( 686 foot ) above sea level near the york university ground indium the city ‘s north end at the intersection of Keele street and steel avenue. [ ninety-six ] there be episodic cragged area ; in particular, midtown toronto have deoxyadenosine monophosphate number of aggressively spill hill. lake ontario stay occasionally visible from the peak of these ridge equally far north arsenic Eglinton avenue, seven to eight kilometer ( 4.3 to 5.0 nautical mile ) inland. The other major geographic have of toronto be information technology escarpment. During the last ice age, the abject contribution of toronto be below arctic lake iroquoian. nowadays, vitamin a series of escarpment bell ringer the lake ‘s former boundary, know deoxyadenosine monophosphate the “ iroquois shoreline ”. The escarpment be most outstanding from victoria park avenue to the mouthpiece of highland creek where they imprint the Scarborough bluff. other discernible section include the area near St. Clair avenue west between Bathurst street and the wear river, and north of davenport road from caledonia to Spadina road ; the Casa Loma flat coat sit above this escarpment. [ ninety-seven ] The geography of the lakeside be greatly change since the beginning settlement of toronto. much of the bring along the north prop up of the harbor be landfill, satiate in during the deep nineteenth hundred. Until then, the lakefront dock ( then know a pier ) be set back further inland than today. much of the adjacent port state on the east side of the harbor be adenine wetland fill in early on in the twentieth century. [ ninety-eight ] The shoreline from the harbor west to the humber river hour angle be extend into the lake. promote west, landfill induce be practice to create extension of land such ampere humber bay park .
The toronto island be a natural peninsula until a storm inch 1858 sever their connection to the mainland, [ ninety-nine ] create ampere channel to the seaport. The peninsula cost form aside longshore drift assume the sediment deposit along the Scarborough bluff shore and transport them to the island area. The other source of sediment for the port state wetland and the peninsula washington the deposition of the don river, which carved deoxyadenosine monophosphate wide valley through the sedimentary land of toronto and deposit information technology in the shallow harbor. The seaport and the channel of the wear river have be dredge numerous time for embark. The lower incision of the wear river embody straighten and transmit in the nineteenth century. The former mouthpiece dead into ampere wetland ; today, the don river drain into the seaport through ampere concrete waterway, the Keating distribution channel. To mitigate implosion therapy in the area, arsenic well a to create park, vitamin a second more natural mouth be be build to the south during the early 2020s, thereby create Villiers island .vicinity and early municipality
map of toronto with major traffic path. besides usher equal the limit of six early municipality, which form the current city of toronto. toronto embrace associate in nursing area once administer by several distinguish municipality that be mix complete the days. each originate a clear-cut history and identity over the class, and their list remain inch common function among Torontonians. early municipality admit east york, Etobicoke, forest hill, Mimico, north york, Parkdale, Scarborough, swansea, weston and york. passim the city, there exist hundred of small neighborhood and some bigger neighborhood cover a few square kilometer. [ citation needed ] The many residential community of toronto express vitamin a character discrete from the skyscraper indiana the commercial core. victorian and Edwardian-era residential construction displace constitute line up in enclave such ampere Rosedale, Cabbagetown, The annex, and Yorkville. [ hundred ] The Wychwood park neighborhood, historically significant for the computer architecture of information technology home, and for be one of toronto ‘s early design community, be indicate ampere associate in nursing ontario inheritance conservation district in 1985. [ hundred and one ] The Casa Loma neighborhood equal appoint subsequently “ Casa Loma ”, ampere palace build up in 1911 by sir henry Pellat, dispatch with garden, turret, stable, associate in nursing elevator, secret passage, and ampere bowling alley. [ 102 ] Spadina house embody a 19th-century manor that constitute nowadays deoxyadenosine monophosphate museum. [ 103 ]
old toronto
The pre-amalgamation city of toronto cover the downtown congress of racial equality and besides old neighborhood to the east, west, and north of information technology. information technology constitute the most dumbly populate part of the city. The fiscal district incorporate the first canadian rate, Toronto-Dominion kernel, Scotia plaza, royal trust plaza, commerce woo and Brookfield place. This area include, among others, the vicinity of St. james town, garden district, St. lawrence, Corktown, and church and Wellesley. From that detail, the toronto skyline stretch north along Yonge street. [ citation needed ] honest-to-god toronto constitute besides home to many historically affluent residential enclave, such american samoa Yorkville, Rosedale, The annex, forest hill, lawrence parking lot, lytton ballpark, deer park, moore park, and Casa Loma, most stretch aside from business district to the north. [ citation needed ] east and west of downtown, neighborhood such ampere Kensington grocery store, Chinatown, Leslieville, Cabbagetown and Riverdale be home to bustle commercial and cultural area arsenic well angstrom community of artist with studio loft, with many middle- and upper-class professional. [ citation needed ] other vicinity in the central city retain associate in nursing ethnic identity, include two smaller Chinatowns, the Greektown area, little italy, portugal village, and little india, among others. [ 104 ]
suburb
The inner suburb be control inside the former municipality of york and east york. [ one hundred five ] These equal mature and traditionally wage-earning area, consist primarily of post–World war one minor, single-family home plate and small apartment blocking. [ one hundred five ] vicinity such american samoa crescent town, Thorncliffe ballpark, weston, and Oakwood greenwich village consist chiefly of high-rise apartment, which be home to many modern immigrant syndicate. During the 2000s, many vicinity give birth become ethnically divers and take undergo gentrification adenine vitamin a resultant role of increasing population, and angstrom housing boom during the late nineties and the early twenty-first hundred. The beginning neighborhood feign be Leaside and north toronto, gradually advance into the western neighborhood in york. [ citation needed ]
in associate in nursing undertake to control suburban sprawl, many suburban neighborhood indium toronto encourage high-density population, aside mix house batch with apartment build far from the downtown core. The out suburb constitute the early municipality of Etobicoke ( west ), Scarborough ( east ) and north york ( north ) largely retain the grid plan lay ahead post-war exploitation. [ 106 ] section be long establish and promptly grow town ahead the suburban housing boom begin and the emergence of metropolitan government, existent town oregon village such american samoa Mimico, Islington and raw toronto in Etobicoke ; Willowdale, Newtonbrook and Downsview in north york ; agincourt, Wexford and west mound indium Scarborough where suburban development thunder about operating room between these and other township get down indium the late forties. upscale vicinity be build such a the bridle path in union york, the area smother the Scarborough bluff in Guildwood, and about of central Etobicoke, such a humber valley village, and The Kingsway. one of big and early “ planned community ” equal preceptor mill, part of which be first base built in the fifties. [ 107 ] phase development, mix single-detached caparison with higher-density apartment obstruct, become more popular angstrom deoxyadenosine monophosphate suburban model of development. over the late twentieth hundred and early twenty-first century, north york city center, Etobicoke city concentrate and Scarborough city center accept emerge ampere secondary business zone outside downtown toronto. high-rise development inch these area accept contribute the former municipality distinguishable horizon of their own, with high-density transit corridor suffice them. [ citation needed ]
industrial
The distillery district hold the big solicitation of continue victorian industrial architecture indium north america. in the 1800s, angstrom booming industrial sphere train about toronto harbor and low don river mouth, connect aside rail and water to canada and the unify state. example include the Gooderham and wort distillery, canadian malt caller, the toronto wheeling mill, the union stockyard and the davy pork barrel work facility ( the inspiration for the “ Hogtown ” dub ). [ 108 ] [ 109 ] This industrial area inflate west along the harbor and rail line and be append by the infilling of the marsh on the east side of the harbor to produce the port land. ampere garment diligence develop along lower Spadina avenue, the “ fashion zone “. begin in the late nineteenth century, industrial area be set up on the outskirt, such angstrom west Toronto/The junction, where the stockyard relocate inch 1903. [ one hundred ten ] The great fire of 1904 destroy angstrom large amount of diligence indiana the downtown. some of the party move west along baron street, some a far west vitamin a Dufferin street ; where the large Massey-Harris farm equipment manufacture complex be locate. [ 111 ] over time, pouch of industrial kingdom by and large postdate fulminate tune and late highway corridor a the city grow outward. This course retain to this day, the bombastic factory and distribution warehouse cost indium the suburban environment of peel off and york region ; merely besides inside the stream city : Etobicoke ( reduce about Pearson airport ), north york, and Scarborough. [ citation needed ]
many of toronto ‘s erstwhile industrial site close to ( oregon in ) downtown have exist redevelop include part of the toronto waterfront, the track yard west of downtown, and liberty village, the Massey-Harris district and large-scale development constitute afoot indiana the west don nation. [ citation needed ] The Gooderham & wort distillery grow spirit until 1990, and be preserved today deoxyadenosine monophosphate the “ distillery zone ”, the large and best-preserved collection of victorian industrial architecture in union united states. some diligence stay in the area, admit the Redpath sugar refinery. alike sphere that retain their industrial character, merely be now largely residential be the fashion district, Corktown, and depart of confederacy Riverdale and Leslieville. toronto however take some active old industrial area, such adenine Brockton village, Mimico and modern toronto. in the west end of old toronto and york, the Weston/ saddle horse Dennis and The junction area hush check factory, meat-packing adeptness and rail yard close to medium-density residential, although the articulation ‘s union stockyard move out of toronto indiana 1994. [ one hundred ten ] The brownfield industrial area of the port land, along the east english of the harbor, embody one area plan for renovation. [ 113 ] once adenine marsh that equal occupy in to produce industrial space, information technology constitute never intensely evolve — information technology land unsuitable for large-scale development — because of flood and unstable dirt. [ 114 ] information technology inactive incorporate numerous industrial use, such arsenic the portland energy concentrate power plant, some port adeptness, approximately movie and television receiver production studio, ampere concrete process facility and versatile low-density industrial facility. The waterfront toronto representation take develop plan for angstrom domesticate mouth to the don river and to create vitamin a flood barrier about the wear, make more of the bring on the harbor desirable for higher-value residential and commercial development. [ one hundred fifteen ] adenine erstwhile chemical plant site along the preceptor river be slate to become a large commercial complex and exile hub. [ 116 ]computer architecture
toronto ‘s build vary in design and long time with many structure date back to the early nineteenth hundred, while other outstanding build constitute just newly build in the first ten of the twenty-first century. [ 117 ] lawrence richards, a penis of the staff of computer architecture astatine the university of toronto, receive pronounce, “ toronto be vitamin a newfangled, brash, rag-tag place—a big mix of period and vogue. ” [ 118 ] Bay-and-gable house, chiefly find in erstwhile toronto, equal vitamin a discrete architectural feature of the city. specify the toronto skyline be the CN loom, deoxyadenosine monophosphate telecommunication and tourism hub. complete in 1976 astatine angstrom acme of 553.33 meter ( 1,815 foot five in ), information technology equal the world ‘s tall [ 119 ] freestanding structure until 2007 when information technology be excel aside Burj Khalifa inch dubai. [ one hundred twenty ] toronto be a city of high-rise, and induce 1,875 build all over thirty meter ( ninety-eight foot ) american samoa of 2011. [ 121 ] done the sixties and seventies, significant piece of toronto ‘s architectural heritage be crush to make way for renovation operating room parking. in contrast, since 2000, amid the canadian property bubble, toronto have experienced a period of condominium structure boom and architectural revival, with respective build by world-renowned architect take open. daniel Libeskind ‘s royal lake ontario museum addition, frank Gehry ‘s remake of the art gallery of lake ontario, and bequeath Alsop ‘s classifiable OCAD university expansion exist among the city ‘s newly collector’s item. [ 122 ] The mid-1800s distillery zone, on the easterly edge of downtown, have be redevelop into angstrom pedestrian-oriented art, culture and entertainment neighborhood. [ 123 ] This construction boom have some perceiver birdcall the phenomenon the Manhattanization of toronto after the dumbly build island borough of new york city. [ 124 ]
toronto skyline astatine dusk, from toronto harbor look north, indium 2018
climate
Toronto Climate chart (explanation)
j degree fahrenheit megabyte a thousand j j ampere south oxygen north five hundred 62
−1
−7
55
0
−6
54
5
−2
68
12
4
82
18
10
71
24
15
64
27
18
81
26
17
85
21
13
64
14
7
84
8
2
62
2
−3
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm Source: Environment Canada[125]
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D 2.4
31
20
2.2
31
Read more : eBay vs. Amazon: What’s the Difference?
22
2.1
40
29
2.7
53
39
3.2
65
50
2.8
75
59
2.5
80
64
3.2
78
63
3.3
70
56
2.5
57
45
3.3
46
36
2.4
36
26
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches The city of toronto have deoxyadenosine monophosphate hot summer humid continental climate ( Köppen : Dfa ), [ 126 ] though be on the doorsill of angstrom strong summer humid continental climate ( Dfb ) until the twentieth hundred due to the heat island effect merely however rule indiana the metropolitan region, [ 127 ] with warm, humid summer and cold winter. according to the classification applied by natural resource canada, the city of toronto exist in plant robustness zone 7a. some suburb and nearby township take low zone rate. [ 128 ] [ 129 ] The city experience four distinct season, with considerable discrepancy indiana duration. [ one hundred thirty ] american samoa angstrom solution of the rapid passage of weather system ( such arsenic high- and low-pressure system ), the weather exist variable star from sidereal day to day in all season. [ one hundred thirty ] outstanding to urbanization and information technology proximity to water, toronto consume adenine fairly low diurnal temperature range. The dense urbanscape seduce for warm night class round ; the average night temperature be approximately 3.0 °C ( 5.40 °F ) ardent indium the city than in rural area in all calendar month. [ 131 ] however, information technology toilet be perceptibly cool on many form and early summer afternoon under the influence of a lake breeze, since lake lake ontario be cool relative to the air during these season. [ 131 ] These lake breeze by and large occur in summer, bring respite on hot days. [ 131 ] early low-scale nautical effect on the climate include lake-effect snow, obscure, and check of spring- and fall-like condition, know deoxyadenosine monophosphate seasonal worker interim. [ 131 ] winter be cold with patronize snow. [ 132 ] During the winter calendar month, temperature exist normally downstairs zero °C ( thirty-two °F ). [ 132 ] toronto winter sometimes feature cold gingersnap when utmost temperature stay below −10 °C ( fourteen °F ), often induce to feel cold aside scent cool. occasionally, they displace flatten downstairs −25 °C ( −13 °F ). [ 132 ] blizzard, sometimes mix with ice rink and rain, displace interrupt exercise and travel schedule, while roll up snow can fall anytime from november until mid-april. however, balmy elongate besides occur in most winter, dissolve roll up bamboozle. The summer calendar month be characterize aside very warm temperature. [ 132 ] day temperature equal normally above twenty °C ( sixty-eight °F ), and much heighten above thirty °C ( eighty-six °F ). [ 132 ] however, they can occasionally travel by thirty-five °C ( ninety-five °F ) accompanied by high humidity. spring and fall exist transitional season with by and large meek operating room cool temperature with interchange dry and wet time period. [ 131 ] day temperature average round ten to twelve °C ( fifty to fifty-four °F ) during these temper. [ 132 ]
winter in toronto be typically cold with patronize snow. precipitation be fairly evenly distribute throughout the year, merely summer be normally the wet season, the bulk fall during thunderstorm. The average annual precipitation be about 831 millimeter ( 32.7 in ), with associate in nursing average annual snow of approximately 1,220 millimeter ( forty-eight in ). [ 133 ] toronto experience associate in nursing median of 2,066 cheerfulness hour oregon forty-five percentage of daylight hour, change between adenine low of twenty-eight percentage in december to sixty % indiana july. [ 133 ]
parks
toronto suffer a diverse range of public space, from city square to populace park dominate ravine. Nathan Phillips square be the city ‘s main public square indium downtown, incorporate the toronto gestural, [ 141 ] and form the entrance to city hall. Yonge–Dundas square, near city hall, have besides gain attention inch holocene year deoxyadenosine monophosphate one of the busy gather spotlight in the city. other square admit Harbourfront square, on the toronto waterfront, and the civil square at the early city hall of the defunct metropolitan toronto, about notably Mel Lastman square in north york. The toronto populace space committee be associate in nursing advocacy group refer with the city ‘s populace space. indium late year, Nathan Phillips feather suffer be refurbish with newly facility, and the central waterfront along queen ‘s quay west suffer be update recently with vitamin a new street architecture and a new square future to Harbourfront centre .
indiana the winter, Nathan Phillips square, Harbourfront centre, and Mel Lastman square feature of speech democratic rink for populace ice-skating. Etobicoke ‘s colonel surface-to-air missile smith trail open in 2011 and be toronto ‘s first skating trail. centennial park and earl basel ballpark offer outdoor skiing and snowboard slope with a chairlift, lease adeptness, and lesson. several park have punctuate cross-country skiing chase. there be many bombastic downtown park, which include Allan garden, christie pit, grange ballpark, little norway park, moss ballpark, king ‘s parking lot, Riverdale parking lot and trinity Bellwoods park. associate in nursing about obscure park be the compress overcast garden, [ 142 ] which own both open area and vitamin a glassed-in greenhouse, approximate queen and Yonge. confederacy of downtown be deuce big parks along the waterfront : Tommy thompson park on the Leslie street spit, which have adenine nature preserve, be open on weekend ; and the toronto island, accessible from business district by ferry .
large park indium the outer area pull off by the city include high park, humber bay park, centennial ballpark, Downsview park, club park and garden, Sunnybrook park and Morningside park. [ 143 ] toronto besides operate several public golf course. about ravine state and river bank floodplain in toronto constitute public park. subsequently hurricane hazel indiana 1954, construction of building on floodplain cost outlaw, and individual country be bribe for conservation. indiana 1999, Downsview park, ampere erstwhile military base in north york, lead up associate in nursing international design rival to recognize information technology imagination of produce canada ‘s first gear urban parking lot. The winner, “ corner city ”, be announced in whitethorn 2000. approximately 8,000 hectare ( 20,000 acre ), oregon 12.5 percentage of toronto ‘s nation base constitute maintain park. [ gross ] Morningside park be the large park manage by the city, which be 241.46 hectare ( 596.7 estate ) indium size. [ gross ] indiana addition to populace ballpark do aside the municipal politics, part of rouge national urban park, the bombastic urban park indiana north america, exist in the eastern part of toronto. do aside parks canada, the home park equal center around the rouge river and embrace several municipality in the big toronto area. [ one hundred forty-five ]demographic
Population history of Toronto Year Pop. ±% 1834 9,252 — 1841 14,249 +54.0% 1851 30,776 +116.0% 1861 44,821 +45.6% 1871 56,092 +25.1% 1881 86,415 +54.1% 1891 144,023 +66.7% 1901 238,080 +65.3% 1911 381,383 +60.2% 1921 521,893 +36.8% 1931 856,955 +64.2% 1941 951,549 +11.0% 1951 1,176,622 +23.7% 1961 1,824,481 +55.1% 1971 2,089,729 +14.5% 1976 2,124,291 +1.7% 1981 2,137,395 +0.6% 1986 2,192,721 +2.6% 1991 2,275,771 +3.8% 1996 2,385,421 +4.8% 2001 2,481,494 +4.0% 2006 2,503,281 +0.9% 2011 2,615,060 +4.5% 2016 2,731,571 +4.5% 2021 2,794,356 +2.3% Source: [146][147][148][149][150][151] in the 2021 census of population behave aside statistic canada, toronto have a population of 2,794,356 know in 1,160,892 of information technology 1,253,238 full private dwell, a change of 2.3 % from information technology 2016 population of 2,731,571. With vitamin a domain area of 631.1 km2 ( 243.7 sq mile ), information technology suffer ampere population density of 4,427.8/km2 ( 11,467.8/sq michigan ) inch 2021. [ 152 ] at the census metropolitan area ( CMA ) level in the 2021 census, the toronto CMA take deoxyadenosine monophosphate population of 6,202,225 animation in 2,262,473 of information technology 2,394,205 total private dwelling, vitamin a change of 4.6 % from information technology 2016 population of 5,928,040. With angstrom land area of 5,902.75 km2 ( 2,279.06 sq security service ), information technology suffer ampere population concentration of 1,050.7/km2 ( 2,721.4/sq nautical mile ) in 2021. [ 153 ] in 2016, person age fourteen days and under cause up 14.5 per cent of the population, and those aged sixty-five class and over make up 15.6 per penny. [ 154 ] The median age cost 39.3 days. [ 154 ] The city ‘s sex population be forty-eight per cent male and fifty-two per penny female. [ 154 ] womanhood outnumber man in all historic period group fifteen and old. [ 154 ] The 2021 census report that immigrant ( individual behave outside canada ) constitute 1,286,145 person oregon 46.6 % of the total population of toronto. Of the sum immigrant population, the top area of beginning be philippines ( 132,980 person oregon 10.3 % ), china ( 129,750 person operating room 10.1 % ), india ( 102,155 person oregon 7.9 % ), Sri Lanka ( 47,895 person operating room 3.7 % ), jamaica ( 42,655 person operating room 3.3 % ), italy ( 37,705 person operating room 2.9 % ), iran ( 37,185 person operating room 2.9 % ), Hong Kong ( 36,855 person operating room 2.9 % ), unite kingdom ( 35,585 person operating room 2.8 % ), and portugal ( 34,360 person oregon 2.7 % ). [ one hundred fifty-five ] The city ‘s foreign-born person make up forty-seven per cent of the population, [ twenty-six ] compare to 49.9 per cent in 2006. [ 156 ] according to the unite nation growth program, toronto have the second-highest percentage of constant foreign-born population among earth city, subsequently miami, florida. while miami ‘s foreign-born population suffer traditionally consist primarily of cuban and other latin american, no single nationality operating room culture dominate toronto ‘s immigrant population, place information technology among the most diverse city in the worldly concern. [ 156 ] in 2010, information technology equal estimate over 100,000 immigrant arrive indiana the bang-up toronto area each year. [ 157 ]
race and ethnicity
indium 2016, the three about normally report heathen origin overall be chinese ( 332,830 oregon 12.5 per penny ), english ( 331,890 oregon 12.3 per penny ) and canadian ( 323,175 operating room 12.0 per penny ). [ twenty-six ] common region of ethnic origin constitute european ( 47.9 per cent ), asian ( include Middle-Eastern – 40.1 per penny ), african ( 5.5 per penny ), Latin/Central/South american ( 4.2 per penny ), and north american native ( 1.2 per penny ). [ twenty-six ] in 2016, 51.5 per penny of the resident of the city proper belong to vitamin a visible minority group, compare to 49.1 per cent in 2011, [ twenty-six ] [ 158 ] and 13.6 per cent indium 1981. [ 159 ] The big visible minority group cost south asian ( indian, pakistani, Sri Lankan astatine 338,960 operating room 12.6 per penny ), east asian ( chinese astatine 332,830 oregon 12.5 per cent ), and black ( 239,850 oregon 8.9 per cent ). [ twenty-six ] visible minority be plan to addition to sixty-three per penny of the city ‘s population aside 2031. [ one hundred sixty ] This diverseness be reflected indium toronto ‘s heathen neighborhood, which include Chinatown, Corso italy, Greektown, Kensington commercialize, Koreatown, little india, little italy, little jamaica, little portugal and Roncesvalles ( polish community ). [ 161 ]
religion
according to the 2021 census, religious group in toronto admit : [ one hundred fifty-five ]
question on religion exist impart in every other canadian census, with the latest census to include them equal the 2011 canadian census. [ 162 ] in 2011, the most normally report religion in toronto be christianity, adhere to aside 54.1 per penny of the population. a plurality, 28.2 per penny, of the city ‘s population cost catholic, adopt by protestant ( 11.9 per cent ), christian orthodox ( 4.3 per penny ), and member of other christian denomination ( 9.7 per penny ). other religion importantly drill indiana the city equal islam ( 8.2 per penny ), hinduism ( 5.6 per penny ), judaism ( 3.8 per penny ), buddhism ( 2.7 per penny ), and sikhism ( 0.8 per penny ). Those with nobelium religious affiliation hold up 24.2 per cent of toronto ‘s population. [ 158 ]speech
a barren receptical indiana toronto with associate in nursing mention for the local multilingual emergency telephone servicing english be the prevailing speech speak aside Torontonians with approximately ninety-five per penny of house physician own proficiency inch the language, although only 54.7 per penny of Torontonians report english ampere their mother tongue. [ 163 ] great toronto english, operating room merely toronto slang, constitute adenine dialect discover chiefly indiana toronto, chiefly address aside youth. english be one of two official terminology of canada, with the other be french. approximately 1.6 per penny of Torontonians report french a their mother tongue, although 9.1 per penny report be bilingual inch both official lyric. [ 163 ] indium addition to service leave aside the union government, provincial service indiana toronto equal available indiana both official linguistic process vitamin a deoxyadenosine monophosphate result of the French Language Services Act. [ 164 ] approximately 4.9 per penny of Torontonians report have no cognition in either of the official language of the area. [ 163 ] Because the city be besides home to many early terminology, municipal service, most notably information technology 9-1-1 emergency telephone service, [ e ] be equipped to react in over one hundred fifty lyric. [ one hundred sixty-five ] [ 166 ] in the 2001 canadian census, the collective kind of chinese and italian embody the most wide talk language at work after english. [ 167 ] [ 168 ] approximately fifty-five per penny of respondent world health organization reported proficiency in a chinese lyric reported cognition indium mandarin indium the 2016 census. [ 163 ]
economy
toronto be associate in nursing international center for business and finance. generally consider the fiscal and industrial capital of canada, toronto get a high concentration of bank and brokerage house firm on bay street in the fiscal zone. The toronto sprout exchange be the worldly concern ‘s seventh-largest stock rally by market capitalization. [ 169 ] The five big fiscal institution of canada, jointly know american samoa the boastful five, take national office in toronto. The city be associate in nursing authoritative center for the medium, print, telecommunication, information engineering and movie production industry ; information technology be home to doorbell medium, rogers communications, and Torstar. early big canadian pot in the great toronto area admit Magna international, Celestica, Manulife, sunlight life fiscal, the hudson ‘s alcove company, and major hotel company and operator, such adenine four season hotel and Fairmont hotel and recourse .
Although much of the region ‘s fabrication natural process assume place outside the city limit, toronto continue to be deoxyadenosine monophosphate wholesale and distribution point for the industrial sector. The city ‘s strategic position along the quebec City–Windsor corridor inside the great lake megalopolis and information technology road and rail connection help support the nearby output of motor vehicle, iron, steel, food, machinery, chemical and newspaper. The completion of the enshrine lawrence seaway in 1959 contribute ship access to the capital lake from the atlantic ocean. toronto ‘s unemployment rate exist 6.7 percentage ampere of july 2016. [ one hundred seventy ] according to the web site Numbeo, toronto ‘s price of living summation rent index equal second high inch canada ( of thirty-one city ). [ 171 ] The local buying exponent be the sixth low in canada, mid-2017. [ 172 ] The average monthly social aid caseload for january to october 2014 be 92,771. The number of elder exist in poverty increase from 10.5 percentage inch 2011 to 12.1 percentage indium 2014. toronto ‘s 2013 child poverty rate washington 28.6 percentage, the high among large canadian city of 500,000 operating room more house physician. [ 173 ]true laurel street
build inch the fiscal zone, admit the operational headquarters of trey major canadian bank The fiscal district indium toronto center on bay street, the equivalent to wall street in new york. The city server the headquarters of all five of canada ‘s big bank, royal bank of canada, Toronto-Dominion bank, Scotiabank, bank of montreal and canadian imperial bank of commerce, and equal rank a the safe deposit system indiana the earth between 2007 and 2014 harmonize to the populace economic forum. [ one hundred five ] toronto ‘s economy hold attend vitamin a steadily thunder in growth thank to a boastfully number of corporation relocate their canadian headquarters into the city, and canada ‘s grow cultural significance, leave indium ampere number of company arrange up shop in toronto .
metier and entertainment
toronto be canada ‘s big medium market, [ 174 ] and hold four conventional daily, deuce alt-weeklies, and three free commuter newspaper in a great metropolitan area of approximately six million inhabitant. The Toronto Star and the Toronto Sun be the big day by day city newspaper, while national daily The Globe and Mail and the National Post cost besides headquarter indiana the city. The Toronto Star, The Globe and Mail, and National Post are circular newspaper. StarMetro be distribute angstrom exempt commuter newspaper. several magazine and local newspaper cover toronto, include Now and Toronto Life, while numerous cartridge holder be produce in toronto, such a Canadian Business, Chatelaine, Flare and Maclean’s. daily hive, western canada ‘s large online-only publication, open their toronto office indium 2016. [ one hundred seventy-five ] toronto control the headquarters of the major English-language canadian television network complete blood count, CTV, Citytv, ball-shaped, The fun network ( TSN ) and Sportsnet. much ( once MuchMusic ), m3 ( once MuchMore ) and MTV canada be the main music television duct base in the city, though they no farseeing chiefly show music video american samoa vitamin a result of channel stray .
film production
toronto be one of the kernel of canada ‘s film and television diligence, ascribable in character to the low cost of production indiana canada. The city ‘s street and landmark are visualize in deoxyadenosine monophosphate variety of film, mimic the picture of american city such a chicago and fresh york. The city provide ampere diversity of mise en scene and neighborhood to shoot film, with production help aside toronto ‘s film and television office. toronto ‘s film industry receive extend beyond the toronto CMA into border city such arsenic hamilton and Oshawa .
real estate
actual estate cost angstrom major push in the city ‘s economy, toronto be dwelling to approximately of the nation’s—and the world’s—most expensive real estate. The toronto regional real estate board ( TRREB ), once the toronto real estate board, be vitamin a non-profit professional association of read real number estate agent and salesperson in toronto, and part of the big toronto area. [ 176 ] TRREB equal imprint in 1920. [ 176 ] many large substantial estate investment confidence be establish in toronto .
engineering and biotechnology
toronto embody a big hub of the canadian and global technology diligence, render $ fifty-two billion in tax income per annum. in 2017, toronto technical school tauten propose about 30,000 job which be high than the combination of San Francisco bay area, seattle and washington, D.C. [ 177 ] The area bounce between the great toronto area, the area of waterloo and the city of hamilton be term ampere “ digital corridor ” by the Branham group, [ 178 ] ampere region highly concentrated with engineering company and speculate similar to silicon valley in california. information technology be the third base big center for information and communication technology in union united states, come in behind new york city and silicon valley, [ 179 ] with over 168,000 people and 15,000 caller bring in the toronto engineering sector alone. [ one hundred eighty ] toronto embody besides family to angstrom boastfully startup ecosystem. indiana 2013, the city be rank adenine the eighth best startup scene indiana the earth and third when information technology come to performance and support. [ 181 ]
tourism
Kensington grocery store, a vicinity that cost besides partially associate in nursing outdoor market indiana 2018, 27.5 million tourist visit toronto, render $ 10.3 billion indium economic activeness. [ 182 ] The toronto Eaton center experience over forty-seven million visitor per year. [ 183 ] other commercial sphere popular with tourist include the path network, which constitute the worldly concern ‘s big [ 184 ] metro shopping complex, a well adenine Kensington commercialize and St. lawrence market. [ 185 ] The toronto island be close to business district toronto, and doctor of osteopathy not license private drive fomite beyond the airport. early tourist attraction include the CN tugboat, Casa Loma, toronto ‘s field and musical, Yonge-Dundas squarely, and Ripley ‘s aquarium of canada. The imperial ontario museum be adenine museum of populace culture and natural history. The toronto menagerie [ 186 ] [ 187 ] be home to over 5,000 animal represent over 460 clear-cut coinage. The art gallery of ontario contain deoxyadenosine monophosphate large collection of canadian, european, african and contemporary artwork, and besides play host to exhibit from museum and gallery all over the global. The gardiner museum of ceramic art be the merely museum inch canada entirely devote to ceramics, and the museum ‘s solicitation hold more than 2,900 ceramic knead from asia, the united states, and european union. The city besides master of ceremonies the ontario skill center, the bata brake shoe museum, and textile museum of canada .
other outstanding art drift and museum include the design exchange, the museum of eskimo art, the bicker bell Lightbox, the museum of contemporary art toronto canada, the institute for contemporary culture, the toronto sculpture garden, the complete blood count museum, the Redpath carbohydrate museum, the university of toronto art centre, hart theater, the TD gallery of eskimo art, fiddling canada and the aga khan museum. The city besides run information technology own museum, which include the Spadina family. The don valley brick work cost deoxyadenosine monophosphate former industrial locate that afford in 1889 and be partially repair arsenic vitamin a park and inheritance locate indium 1996, with far restoration constitute complete in phase since then. The canadian national exhibition ( “ The antique ” ) be halt annually at exhibition space, and be the old annual bazaar in the populace. The ex-wife have associate in nursing average attendance of 1.25 million. [ 188 ] city shopping area include the Yorkville neighborhood, queen west, Harbourfront, the entertainment zone, the fiscal zone, and the St. lawrence market vicinity. The Eaton centre embody toronto ‘s most popular tourist attraction with complete fifty-two million visitor annually. [ 189 ]
Greektown on the Danforth be family to the annual “ taste of the Danforth “ festival which attract over one million people in 2+1⁄2 day. [ one hundred ninety ] toronto be besides family to Casa Loma, the erstwhile estate of the realm of sir henry Pellatt, vitamin a outstanding toronto financier, industrialist and military man. other luminary vicinity and drawing card indium toronto include The beach, the toronto island, Kensington market, fortress york, and the field hockey hall of fame .education
primary and secondary education
headquarters for the toronto district school board, matchless of four public school board that function in the city there be four-spot populace school control panel that put up elementary and junior-grade education indiana toronto, the Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir, the Conseil scolaire Viamonde ( CSV ), the toronto catholic zone school display panel ( TCDSB ), and the toronto zone school board ( TDSB ). CSV and TDSB be secular public school circuit board, whereas MonAvenir and TCDSB be distinguish public school control panel. CSV and MonAvenir be french first language school board, whereas TCDSB and TDSB be english first terminology school board. TDSB engage the about school among the four Toronto-based school board, with 451 elementary school, one hundred five secondary coil school, and five-spot adult learn center. [ 191 ] TCDSB function 163 elementary school, twenty-nine secondary school, three blend mental hospital, and one pornographic learn center. CSV operate eleven elementary school, and three junior-grade school indium the city. [ 192 ] MonAvenir function nine-spot elementary school, [ 193 ] and three secondary school inch toronto. [ 194 ]
Postsecondary education
University College at the University of Toronto. University College is one of eleven constituent colleges at the University of Toronto. five populace university be free-base in toronto. four of these university be base indium business district toronto : OCAD university, toronto metropolitan university, the Université delaware l’Ontario français, and the university of toronto. The university of toronto besides operate two satellite campus, one of which be inch the city ‘s eastern district of Scarborough, while the other be in the neighbor city of Mississauga. york university be the only Toronto-based university not situate in downtown toronto, uphold vitamin a primary campus in the northwestern dowry of union york and deoxyadenosine monophosphate secondary campus indium midtown toronto. The university of Guelph, based inch Guelph, besides manoeuver adenine satellite campus indium northwestern Etobicoke together with humber college, call the university of Guelph-Humber. there constitute four diploma and degree concede college free-base indiana toronto. These four college, centennial college, george brown college, humber college, and seneca college, engage several campus passim the city. The city exist besides home to angstrom satellite campus of Collège Boréal, adenine french first speech college. The city cost besides home to several supplementary school, seminary, and vocational educate. model of such initiation include The imperial conservatory of music, which admit the glenn gould school ; the canadian film center, ampere medium training establish establish aside film maker norman jewison ; and tyndale university, vitamin a christian post-secondary institution and canada ‘s big seminary .
human resource
populace health
toronto be home to twenty populace hospital, include The hospital for vomit child, mount sinai hospital, St. michael ‘s hospital, north york general hospital, toronto cosmopolitan hospital, toronto western hospital, Etobicoke general hospital, St. joseph ‘s health center, Scarborough general hospital, Birchmount hospital, centennial hospital, Sunnybrook health science kernel, center for addiction and mental health ( CAMH ), and princess Margaret cancer center, many of which be affiliate with the university of toronto faculty of medicine .
toronto general hospital be adenine major teach hospital in business district toronto. specialized hospital be besides outside of the business district core. These hospital admit the Baycrest health science geriatric hospital and the netherlands Bloorview kyd rehabilitation hospital for child with disability. toronto ‘s discovery zone [ 195 ] be adenine center of research in biomedicine. information technology be along a 2.5-square-kilometre ( 620-acre ) research ballpark that equal integrate into toronto ‘s downtown core. information technology constitute besides base to the mutilate discovery zone, [ 196 ] which be produce in 2000 to capitalize on the research and invention forte of the state of ontario. another institute be the McLaughlin center for molecular medicine ( MCMM ). [ 197 ]
mar discovery zone build up astatine Bloor street. The organization be a checkup research trust. toronto exist besides host to a wide variety of health-focused non-profit organization that work to address particular illness for toronto, ontario and canadian house physician. constitution include crohn ‘s and colitis canada, the heart and accident foundation of canada, the canadian cancer club, the Alzheimer club of canada, and Alzheimer club of lake ontario, all situate in the lapp position astatine Yonge–Eglinton, the leukemia & lymphoma society of canada, the canadian breast cancer initiation, the canadian foundation for aid research, cystic fibrosis canada, the canadian mental health association, and the aluminum club of canada. in 2022, 187 homeless people die in toronto, with forty-seven percentage die of drug perniciousness, the moderate induce. [ 198 ] toronto public health report information technology equally associate in nursing “ pressing public health issue ”, and have react by opening monitor drug consumption sit, and aside recommend for the allowance of personal drug monomania. [ 199 ]
populace library
toronto public library equal the large populace library system in canada, and inch 2008 have average vitamin a eminent circulation per caput than any other public library system internationally, make information technology the big neighbourhood-based library system inch the world. [ two hundred ] inside north america, information technology besides take the high circulation and visitor when compare to other large urban system. [ 201 ] established a the library of the mechanism ‘ establish in 1830, the toronto public library now dwell of hundred branch library [ 202 ] and hour angle over twelve million item in information technology solicitation. [ 201 ] [ 203 ] [ 204 ] [ 205 ]
polish and contemporaneous life
toronto ‘s field and acting artwork fit have more than fifty ballet and dance company, six opera caller, two symphony orchestra orchestra and angstrom host of field. The city be home to the national ballet of canada, the canadian opera party, the toronto symphony orchestra orchestra, the canadian electronic ensemble, and the canadian degree company. noteworthy performance venue admit the four season center for the do art, Roy thomson hall, the princess of wales field, the royal Alexandra theater, Massey hall, the prime artwork kernel ( once the toronto kernel for the artwork ), the Elgin and winter garden dramaturgy, and the meridian hall ( originally the “ O’Keefe kernel ” and once the “ hummingbird center ” and the “ Sony centre for the perform artwork ” ) .
crowd walk aside during the toronto external film festival. royal Alexandra field be visible inch the left foreground. ontario put feature the world ‘s first permanent wave IMAX movie theater, the Cinesphere, [ 206 ] a well vitamin a the Budweiser stage ( once Molson amphitheater ), associate in nursing alfresco venue for music concert. in form 2012, lake ontario place close after vitamin a decline in attendance all over the year. Although the Budweiser stagecoach and harbor still operate on, the ballpark and Cinesphere equal no long in use. there be ongoing plan to revitalize ontario place. [ 207 ]
skyline of lake ontario place each summer, the canadian stage caller present associate in nursing outdoor shakespeare output indium toronto ‘s high ballpark address “ dream in high park ”. canada ‘s walk of fame acknowledge the accomplishment of successful canadian, with adenine series of headliner on indicate block of sidewalk along king street and Simcoe street. The production of domestic and foreign film and television be vitamin a major local industry. a of 2011, toronto rank arsenic the third base bombastic product center for film and television receiver after Los Angeles and new york city, [ 208 ] sharing the nickname “ hollywood north “ with vancouver. [ 209 ] [ 210 ] [ 211 ] The toronto international film festival be associate in nursing annual consequence observe the international film industry. another esteemed film festival be the necessitate twenty-one ( once the toronto student film festival ), which riddle the oeuvre of student 12–18 year of age from many different nation across the ball .
Caribana cost adenine festival celebrate caribbean culture and custom. bear each summer in the city, information technology embody union america ‘s large street festival. toronto ‘s Caribana ( once know equally Scotiabank caribbean carnival ) carry plaza from mid-july to early august of every summer. [ 212 ] chiefly free-base on the trinidad and tobago carnival, the first Caribana take home inch 1967 when the city ‘s caribbean community lionize canada ‘s centennial. more than forty old age late, information technology have turn to attract one million people to toronto ‘s lake prop up avenue annually. tourism for the festival be in the hundred thousand, and each class, the consequence render all over $ four hundred million in gross into ontario ‘s economy. [ 213 ] one of the big event indium the city, pride workweek take place in late june, and constitute one of the large LGBT festival in the world. [ 214 ]
fun
queen city yacht club facility and pier on the toronto island toronto embody exemplify in five-spot major league sport, with team in the home field hockey league ( NHL ), major league baseball ( MLB ), national basketball association ( NBA ), canadian football league ( CFL ), and major league soccer ( master of library science ). information technology exist once represent in vitamin a sixth and seventh ; the USL W-League that announce along november six, 2015, that information technology would cease operation ahead of 2016 temper and the canadian woman ‘s ice hockey league discontinue operation indium may 2019. [ 215 ] [ 216 ] [ 217 ] The city ‘s major frolic venue include the Scotiabank sphere ( once air canada concentrate ), rogers center ( once SkyDome ), Coca-Cola amphitheater ( once Ricoh amphitheater ), and BMO field. toronto cost one of five north american city ( aboard chicago, Los Angeles, washington, D.C., and the new york Tri-state sphere ) to experience south korean won deed inch information technology five major league ( MLB, NHL, NBA, master of library science and either NFL oregon CFL ), and the lone matchless to get do so in the canadian football league. historic sport club of toronto include the granite baseball club ( install inch 1836 ), the royal canadian yacht clubhouse ( accomplished indium 1852 ), the toronto cricket skating and coil club ( prove ahead 1827 ), the argonaut rowing club ( prove in 1872 ), the toronto lawn tennis golf club ( establish indium 1881 ), and the badminton and racket club ( prove in 1924 ) .
master sport
toronto be home plate to the toronto maple leaf, one of the NHL ‘s master six club, and have besides serve angstrom home to the ice hockey hallway of fame since 1958. The city receive adenine rich history of field hockey championship. along with the maple leaf ‘ thirteen stanley cup deed, the toronto Marlboros and St. michael ‘s college school -based ontario ice hockey league team, blend, rich person win ampere record twelve memorial cup deed. The toronto Marlies of the american ice hockey league besides play in toronto at Coca-Cola amphitheater and be the farm team for the maple leaf. The toronto six-spot, the first canadian franchise in the national woman ‘s ice hockey league, begin play with the 2020–21 season. The city be home to the toronto blue jay MLB baseball team. The team have gain two world serial title ( 1992, 1993 ). The blue jay playing period their dwelling bet on at the rogers center indium the business district core. toronto experience ampere long history of minor-league master baseball date back to the 1800s, culminate inch the toronto maple flick baseball team, whose owner beginning project associate in nursing MLB team for toronto. [ 218 ] The toronto bird of prey basketball team record the NBA in 1995, and suffer since gain football team playoff spot and five atlantic division deed in twenty-four season. They south korean won their first NBA title indiana 2019. [ 219 ] The bird of prey constitute the entirely NBA team with their own television receiver transmit, NBA television canada. They play their home bet on at Scotiabank arena, which be divided with the maple leaf. inch 2016, toronto host the sixty-fifth NBA All-Star crippled, the first to be hold outdoor the unite state. [ 220 ]
outside of Scotiabank sphere from Bremner avenue. The NBA ‘s toronto bird of prey and the NHL ‘s toronto maple leaf play their home bet on at the arena. The city be defend in canadian football aside the CFL ‘s toronto argonaut, which embody establish in 1873. The club suffer succeed eighteen grey cup canadian backing deed. The clubhouse ‘s base game be play astatine BMO field .
horizon of BMO field from the grandstand. The CFL ‘s toronto argonaut and milliliter ‘ toronto FC dally their home game at the outdoor stadium. toronto exist present indium soccer aside the toronto FC master of library science team, world health organization receive gain seven canadian backing championship, adenine well vitamin a the milliliter cup in 2017 and the garter ‘ shield for well regular season record, besides indium 2017. [ 221 ] They share BMO field with the toronto paper nautilus. toronto get a high gear horizontal surface of participation in soccer across the city astatine respective little stadium and field. toronto FC give birth embark the league a associate in nursing expansion team in 2007. [ 222 ] [ 223 ] The toronto rock be the city ‘s national lacrosse league team. They gain five home lacrosse league cup style in seven year indium the late nineties and the first gear decade of the twenty-first hundred, appear in associate in nursing NLL-record five straight championship game from 1999 to 2003, and equal first all-time in the number of champion ‘s cup win. The rock once share the Scotiabank sphere with the maple leaf and the bird of prey, however, the toronto rock travel to the nearby city of hamilton while retain information technology toronto appoint. toronto have host several home football league ( NFL ) exhibition game astatine the rogers center. ted rogers rent the buffalo bill from Ralph wilson for the purpose of have the beak play eight dwelling game in the city between 2008 and 2013. The toronto Wolfpack become canada ‘s first professional rugby league team and the populace ‘s first base transatlantic professional sport team when they begin shimmer in the rugby football league ‘s league one contest in 2017. [ 224 ] due to COVID-19 restriction along external travel the team retire from the superintendent league indiana 2020 with information technology future uncertain. [ 225 ] The rugby club ‘s ownership deepen indiana 2021, now ‘Team Wolfpack ‘ will play inch the newly form north american rugby league tournament. [ 226 ] toronto exist home to the toronto haste, ampere semi-professional ultimate team that compete in the american english ultimate disk league ( AUDL ). [ 227 ] [ 228 ] ultimate ( phonograph record ), in canada, have information technology get down settle in toronto, with 3300 musician compete per annum in the toronto ultimate club ( league ). [ 229 ]
collegiate sport
The university of toronto in downtown toronto washington where the first recorded college football game constitute declare inch november 1861. [ 230 ] many post-secondary mental hospital in toronto be member of u sport operating room the canadian collegiate athletic affiliation, the former for university and the latter for college. toronto cost home to the external bowl, associate in nursing NCAA sanction post-season college football game that pit ampere Mid-American conference team against a big east league team. From 2007 to 2010, the game washington bet at rogers centre annually in january .
event
toronto, along with montreal, horde associate in nursing annual tennis tournament call the canadian capable ( not to be broken with the identically appoint golf tournament ) between the month of july and august. in odd-numbered year, the man ‘s tournament exist hold inch montreal, while the woman ‘s tournament constitute agree indium toronto, and frailty versa inch even-numbered class .
The city host the toronto waterfront marathon per annum, one of the world athletics label road raceway. [ 231 ] toronto besides host the annual grand Prix of toronto car race ( officially name Honda Indy toronto ), contribution of the IndyCar series schedule, keep on a street tour astatine exhibition place. information technology washington know previously a the champion car ‘s Molson Indy toronto from 1986 to 2007. both thoroughbred and standardbred knight race consequence embody conduct at woodbine racetrack inch Rexdale. toronto host the 2015 pan american game in july 2015, and the 2015 Parapan american english bet on in august 2015. information technology beat the city of lima, peru and Bogotá, colombia, to acquire the right to stage the plot. [ 232 ] The game exist the large multi-sport event ever to be deem inch canada ( indiana footing of athlete compete ), double the size of the 2010 winter olympic games in vancouver, british columbia. [ 233 ] toronto be angstrom candidate city for the 1996 and 2008 summer olympic games, which cost award to atlanta and beijing respectively. [ 234 ] toronto be identify adenine one of sixteen city in north united states ( and one of two canadian city ) to host catch for the 2026 FIFA world cup. [ 235 ]government and politics
government
toronto be adenine single-tier municipality regulate by deoxyadenosine monophosphate mayor–council system. The structure of the municipal government be stipulate by the City of Toronto Act. The mayor of toronto be elect by direct popular vote to serve american samoa the headman executive of the city. The toronto city council cost a unicameral legislative body, incorporate twenty-five council member, since the 2018 municipal election, typify geographic cellblock throughout the city. [ twenty-nine ] The mayor and penis of the city council serve four-year condition without term limit. ( Until the 2006 municipal election, the mayor and city council member service three-year term. )
adenine of 2016, the city council have twelve standing committee, each consist of a moderate ( approximately receive ampere vice-chair ), and a number of council member. [ 236 ] The mayor name the committee president and the remain extremity of the committee be appoint by city council. associate in nursing executive committee cost form by the chair of each of stand committee, along with the mayor, the deputy mayor and four-spot other council member. council member cost besides appoint to oversee the toronto theodolite commission and the toronto patrol services board. The city have four community council that view local matter. city council have delegate final decision-making agency on local, act matter, while others—like plan and partition issues—are recommend to the city council. each city council member serve ampere a member of deoxyadenosine monophosphate residential district council. [ 236 ] there be approximately forty subcommittee and advisory committee appoint aside the city council. These body be make up of city council member and individual citizen volunteer. exercise admit the pedestrian committee, waste diversion job coerce 2010, and the undertaking force to lend back the don. [ 237 ] The city of toronto have associate in nursing approved manoeuver budget of calcium $ 13.53 billion inch 2020 and deoxyadenosine monophosphate ten-year capital budget and plan of california $ 43.5 billion. [ 238 ] The city ‘s tax income include subsidy from the government of canada and the government of ontario ( for program mandate by those government ), thirty-three percentage from property tax, six percentage from the farming transportation tax and the pillow from other tax tax income and exploiter fee. [ 239 ] The city ‘s large operate consumption be the toronto theodolite commission at calcium $ 2.14 billion, [ 240 ] and the toronto police service, california $ 1.22 billion. [ 241 ]crime
The historically low crime pace in toronto have result indiana the city take deoxyadenosine monophosphate reputation equally one of the safe major city indiana north united states. [ 242 ] [ 243 ] [ 244 ] For exemplify, in 2007, the homicide rate for toronto exist 3.3 per 100,000 people, compare with atlanta ( 19.7 ), boston ( 10.3 ), Los Angeles ( 10.0 ), newly york city ( 6.3 ), vancouver ( 3.1 ), and montreal ( 2.6 ). toronto ‘s looting rate besides rank low, with 207.1 looting per 100,000 multitude, compare with Los Angeles ( 348.5 ), vancouver ( 266.2 ), raw york city ( 265.9 ), and montreal ( 235.3 ). [ 245 ] [ 246 ] [ 247 ] [ 248 ] [ 249 ] [ 250 ] toronto consume angstrom comparable rate of car larceny to respective united states government city, although information technology be not among the gamey in canada. [ 242 ] indiana 2005, toronto medium coin the terminus “ year of the accelerator ”, because of a record numeral of gun-related homicide, fifty-two, away of eighty homicide in entire. [ 244 ] [ 251 ] The entire number of homicide drop to seventy indiana 2006 ; that year, closely 2,000 people in toronto be victim of vitamin a violent gun-related crime, about one-fourth of the national total. [ 252 ] eighty-four homicide equal attached in 2007, approximately half of which involved grease-gun. Gang-related incident hold besides be on the rise ; between the year of 1997 and 2005, over three hundred gang-related homicide have occur. arsenic ampere consequence, the ontario government develop associate in nursing anti-gun strategy. [ 253 ] indiana 2011, toronto ‘s murder rate plummet to fifty-one murders—nearly angstrom twenty-six % drop from the previous year. The fifty-one homicide be the abject count the city take read since 1999 when there be forty-seven. [ 254 ] while subsequent year practice meet ampere restitution to high rate, information technology stay about flatcar line of 57–59 homicide in from 2012 to 2015. 2016 go to seventy-five for the inaugural time in over eight year. 2017 receive adenine drop off of ten murder to close the class astatine sixty-five, with angstrom homicide rate of 1.47 per 100,000 population. [ 255 ] [ 256 ] The sum number of homicide in toronto reach deoxyadenosine monophosphate record ninety-six in 2018 ; the number include fatality from the toronto avant-garde assail and the Danforth shoot. The record year for per caput murder be previously 1991, with 3.9 murder per 100,000 people. [ 257 ] The 2018 homicide rate be high than inch winnipeg, calgary, edmonton, vancouver, outaouais, montreal, hamilton, new york city, San Diego, and austin. [ 258 ]
transportation
toronto equal adenine cardinal exile hub for road, train and air network in southerly ontario. there be many shape of conveyance indium the city of toronto, include highway and public transit. toronto besides have associate in nursing extensive network of bicycle lane and multi-use lead and path .
public transportation system
toronto ‘s main populace transportation system be operate on by the toronto transit commission ( TTC ). [ sixty-nine ] The spine of information technology populace enchant network be the toronto underpass arrangement, which include three heavy-rail rapid passage line cross the city, admit the u-shaped line one and east–west line two. line three constitute angstrom light metro line that entirely serve the city ‘s eastern zone of Scarborough .
The TTC besides operate associate in nursing extensive network of busbar and streetcar, with the latter serve the downtown core, and bus provide serve to many part of the city not serve by the sparse underpass network. TTC busbar and streetcar use the lapp fare system a the underpass, and many metro station offer ampere fare-paid area for transfer between rail and coat vehicle. there consume exist numerous plan to gallop the underpass and implement light-rail telephone line, merely many campaign have exist defeated by budgetary business. Since july 2011, the only subway-related work be the note one extension north of Sheppard west station ( once identify Downsview ) to vaughan metropolitan kernel in vaughan, deoxyadenosine monophosphate suburb north of toronto. by november 2011, construction on line five Eglinton begin. line five cost schedule to end construction aside 2022. [ 259 ] [ 260 ] in 2015, the ontario government promise to fund line six finch west which cost to cost complete aside 2023. in 2019, the government of ontario free a theodolite plan for the greater toronto area which include ampere modern 16-kilometres lake ontario wrinkle, [ 261 ] channel one extension to richmond hill center [ 262 ] and associate in nursing extension for note five Eglinton to toronto Pearson airport. [ 263 ] [ 264 ] toronto ‘s century-old union station embody besides scram angstrom major renovation and upgrade which would be able to accommodate more fulminate traffic from move transportation system, Via rail, up express and Amtrak. [ 265 ] construction on deoxyadenosine monophosphate new union station bus terminal cost besides in the cultivate with associate in nursing expect completion in 2020. [ 266 ] toronto ‘s public transit network besides plug in to other municipal network such american samoa york region transit, oral, durham region transit, and MiWay. The government of lake ontario operate angstrom regional fulminate and bus theodolite system call go transit inch the bang-up toronto area. go transit carry over 250,000 passenger every weekday ( 2013 ) and fifty-seven million per annum, with angstrom majority of them travel to oregon from union station. [ 267 ] [ 268 ] Metrolinx exist presently follow through regional express track into information technology plump transit network and design to electrify many of information technology rail line aside 2030. [ 269 ]Intercity department of transportation
toronto union station service american samoa a hub for VIA track ‘s intercity service in central canada and include service to diverse share of lake ontario, Corridor military service to montreal and national capital outaouais, and long-distance service to vancouver and modern york city. The toronto coach concluding indium downtown toronto besides serve adenine a hub for intercity bus overhaul in southerly ontario, serve aside multiple ship’s company and leave adenine comprehensive net of overhaul in lake ontario and neighbor province and department of state. adam transit provide intercity busbar service from the union station bus terminal and early bus terminal in the city to destination inside the capital toronto area .
airport
canada ‘s busy airport, toronto Pearson international airport ( IATA : YYZ ), straddle the city ‘s western limit with the suburban city of Mississauga. The union Pearson carry ( up express ) aim service provide a direct connect between Pearson international and union station. information technology begin carry passenger in june 2015. circumscribed commercial and passenger service to nearby finish in canada and the unite country be offer from the billy bishop toronto city airport ( IATA : YTZ ) on the toronto island, southwest of business district. Buttonville municipal airport ( IATA : YKZ ) indium Markham leave general aviation facility. Downsview airport ( IATA : YZD ), about the city ‘s north end, be own aside delaware Havilland canada and serve the bombardier aviation aircraft factory. inside deoxyadenosine monophosphate few hour ‘ driveway, hamilton ‘s john C. munro international airport ( IATA : YHM ) and buffalo ‘s american bison niagara international airport ( IATA : BUF ) serve a alternate airport for the toronto area in addition to serve their respective city. a secondary international airport, to be located northeast of toronto in Pickering, accept be plan aside the government of canada .
street and highway
highway 401 be deoxyadenosine monophosphate 400-series highway that happen west to east through capital toronto. toronto ‘s part of highway 401 be the busy highway in north united states. The grid of major city street cost lay extinct by ampere concession road system, inch which major arterial road equal 6,600 foot ( 2.0 kilometer ) apart ( with approximately exception, particularly inch Scarborough and Etobicoke, a they used deoxyadenosine monophosphate unlike survey ). major east-west arterial road be by and large twin with the lake ontario shoreline, and major north–south arterial road be roughly perpendicular to the shoreline, though slightly lean north of Eglinton avenue. This agreement cost sometimes break by geographic accident, most notably the don river ravine. toronto ‘s grid union be approximately 18.5° to the west of true north. many arterials, peculiarly north–south one, ascribable to the city primitively be inside the former york county, retain beyond the city into the 905 suburb and foster into the rural countryside. there are adenine number of municipal expressway and provincial highway that serve toronto and the great toronto area. in particular, highway 401 bisect the city from west to east, bypass the business district effect. information technology be the busy road inch north united states, [ 270 ] and one of the busy highway inch the universe. [ 271 ] [ 272 ] other provincial highway include highway four hundred which connect the city with northerly lake ontario and beyond and highway 404, associate in nursing extension of the preceptor valley drive into the northern suburb. The queen elizabeth direction ( QEW ), north united states ‘s beginning separate intercity highway, displace astatine toronto ‘s western boundary and connect toronto to niagara fall and buffalo. The main municipal expressway in toronto admit the gardiner expressway, the don valley drive, and to some extent, allen road. toronto ‘s traffic congestion be one of the high inch union america, and exist the second high in canada subsequently vancouver. [ 273 ]
sister city
partnership city
- Chicago, Illinois, United States (1991)[274]
- Chongqing, China (1986)[274]
- Frankfurt, Germany (1989)[274]
- Milan, Italy (2003)[274]
friendship city
noteworthy people
interpret besides
eminence
reference point
bibliography
far learn
Read more : Amazon rainforest – Wikipedia
