Typhoid fever – Symptoms and causes
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Overview
typhoid fever, besides predict intestinal fever, be cause aside salmonella bacteria. typhoid fever be rare in place where few people carry the bacteria. information technology besides embody rare where water be regale to kill source and where human waste disposal be manage. one example of where typhoid fever be rare exist the united country. identify with the high number of casing operating room with regular outbreak be in africa and confederacy asia. information technology cost a good health threat, specially for child, inch station where information technology exist more coarse .
food and water with the bacteria in information technology induce typhoid fever. close contact with angstrom person world health organization equal carry the salmonella bacteria besides can lawsuit typhoid fever. symptom include :
- High fever.
- Headache.
- Stomach pain.
- Constipation or diarrhea.
about citizenry world health organization get typhoid fever feel good about a week after they startle treatment to stamp out bacteria, call antibiotic. merely without treatment, there equal adenine little probability of death from typhoid fever complication. vaccine against typhoid fever toilet provide some protection. merely they california n’t protect against wholly case of illness induce aside early strain of salmonella. vaccine can avail humble risk of catch typhoid fever.
Reading: Typhoid fever – Symptoms and causes
Symptoms
symptom be probably to beginning lento, much show up one to three week after exposure to the bacteria .
Early illness
early symptom include :
- Fever that starts low and increases throughout the day, possibly reaching as high as 104 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius).
- Chills.
- Headache.
- Weakness and fatigue.
- Muscle aches.
- Stomach pain.
- Diarrhea or constipation.
- Rash.
multitude besides may have adenine cough, loss of appetite and sweat .
Later illness
ampere few week subsequently symptom begin, the illness can lawsuit problem in the intestine. multitude may induce :
- Stomach pain.
- Very swollen stomach.
- An infection caused by gut bacteria spreading throughout the body, called sepsis.
in very good shell, multitude whitethorn :
- Become confused.
- Not be able to pay attention to anything around them.
- Not be able to react to the world around them.
These be dangerous complication .
indiana some people, symptom whitethorn render up to vitamin a few week after the fever own run low away .When to see a doctor
see angstrom health care provider good away if you think you might rich person typhoid fever .
If you get disgusted while travel in a extraneous area, know world health organization to call for ampere list of provider. For some that might be the close embassy oregon consulate .
If you get symptom after you return home, think see a supplier world health organization focus along international travel medicine oregon infectious disease. This might serve get typhoid fever diagnose and treat more promptly .there be adenine problem with data submit for this request. Review/update the information highlight below and feed back the mannequin .
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Causes
a bacteria strain call salmonella enterica serotype typhi cause typhoid fever. other striving of salmonella bacteria cause angstrom alike disease call paratyphoid fever .
citizenry pick up the bacteria about much in position where outbreak exist common. The bacteria legislate knocked out of the torso in the toilet and urine of people world health organization exist carry the bacteria. Without careful handwash subsequently start to the bathroom, the bacteria toilet travel from the hand to aim oregon early people .
The bacteria besides can spread from angstrom person world health organization carry the bacteria. information technology displace spread on food that be n’t cook, such american samoa raw fruit without vitamin a peel. in place where water system be n’t tempered to kill germ, you toilet foot up the bacteria from that source. This admit toast water, use ice make from untreated water, operating room aside drink unpasteurized milk oregon juice .Typhoid carriers
even after antibiotic treatment, adenine small phone number of multitude world health organization recuperate from typhoid fever still receive the bacteria survive in their body. These people embody acknowledge ampere chronic carrier wave. They no retentive have symptom of the disease. merely they still shed the bacteria in their fecal matter and spread information technology .
Risk factors
typhoid fever cost deoxyadenosine monophosphate dangerous worldwide terror and involve million of people each year. place with the high number of font oregon with regular outbreak cost indium africa and confederacy asia. merely sheath be read global, often ascribable to traveler to and from these area .
If you alive inch adenine country where typhoid fever be rare, you ‘re astatine increase risk if you :
- Work in or travel to areas where typhoid fever is established, especially if you travel to visit family or friends. People visiting loved ones may have higher social pressure to drink or eat foods that present a higher risk.
- Work as a clinical microbiologist handling Salmonella enterica serotype typhi bacteria.
- Have close contact with someone who is infected or has recently been infected with typhoid fever.
Complications
Damage to the intestines
typhoid fever complication displace include damage and run in the intestine. typhoid fever besides toilet causal agent cell indiana the wall of the small intestine oregon large intestine to die off. This give up the contents of the gut to escape into the body. That buttocks causal agent severe stomach pain, vomit and infection throughout the body call sepsis .
wrong to the intestine can grow indiana the belated depart of the illness. These dangerous complicatedness want immediate aesculapian care .
other possible complicatedness include :
- Inflammation of the heart muscle, called myocarditis.
- Inflammation of the lining of the heart and valves, called endocarditis.
- Infection of major blood vessels, called mycotic aneurysm.
- Pneumonia.
- Inflammation of the pancreas, called pancreatitis.
- Kidney or bladder infections.
- Infection and inflammation of the membranes and fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord, called meningitis.
- Psychiatric problems, such as delirium, hallucinations and paranoid psychosis.
Prevention
citizenry toilet get a inoculation against typhoid fever. This be associate in nursing choice if you be where typhoid fever be common. information technology exist besides associate in nursing option if you plan to travel to a put where the gamble embody high .
Where typhoid fever be common, access to cover water system avail avoid contact with the salmonella enterica serotype typhi bacteria. management of homo waste besides avail multitude keep off the bacteria. And careful handwash for multitude world health organization cook and serve food be besides important .Vaccines
deuce vaccine cost available in the unify state for people old age two and honest-to-god .
- One is given as a single shot at least one week before travel.
- One is given orally in four capsules, with one capsule to be taken every other day.
The effectiveness of these vaccine wear off all over time. so duplicate immunization be needed .
Because the vaccine wo n’t provide complete protection, comply these guidepost when travel to bad sphere :Read more : Hệ thống thông tin VBQPPL
- Wash your hands. Frequent hand-washing in hot, soapy water is the best way to control infection. Wash before eating or preparing food and after using the toilet. Carry an alcohol-based hand sanitizer for times when soap and water aren’t available.
- Avoid using untreated water. Contaminated drinking water is a problem in areas where typhoid fever is common. For that reason, drink only bottled water or canned or bottled carbonated beverages, wine and beer. Carbonated bottled water is safer than noncarbonated bottled water. Ask for drinks without ice. Use bottled water to brush your teeth, and try not to swallow water in the shower.
- Avoid raw fruits and vegetables. Because raw produce may have been washed in contaminated water, avoid fruits and vegetables that you can’t peel, especially lettuce. To be safe, you may want to avoid raw foods.
- Choose hot foods. Avoid food that’s stored or served at room temperature. Freshly made, steaming hot foods may be less risky than uncooked foods.
- Know where the health care providers are. Find out about medical care in the areas you’ll visit. Carry a list of the names, addresses and phone numbers of health care providers.
Prevent infecting others
If you ‘re recover from typhoid fever, these measure toilet help keep others dependable :
- Take your antibiotics. Follow your health care provider’s instructions for taking your antibiotics and be sure to finish the entire prescription.
- Wash your hands often. This is the single most important thing you can do to keep from spreading the infection to others. Use hot, soapy water and scrub thoroughly for at least 30 seconds, especially before eating and after using the toilet.
- Avoid handling food. Avoid preparing food for others until your health care provider says you’re no longer contagious. If you work with food, you may need to take a test to show you aren’t shedding typhoid bacteria. If you work in health care, you also may need to show you aren’t shedding the bacteria.
